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Rick H Hoyle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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narrative centrality and negative Affectivity independent and interactive contributors to stress reactions
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2014Co-Authors: David C Rubin, Adriel Boals, Rick H HoyleAbstract:Reactions to stressful negative events have long been studied using approaches based on either the narrative interpretation of the event or the traits of the individual. Here, we integrate these two approaches by using individual differences measures of both the narrative interpretation of the stressful event as central to one’s life and the personality characteristic of negative Affectivity. We show that they each have independent contributions to stress reactions, and that high levels on both produce greater than additive effects. The effects on posttraumatic stress symptoms are substantial for both undergraduates (Study 1, n = 2,296; Study 3, n = 488) and veterans (Study 2, n = 104), with mean levels for participants low on both measures near floor on posttraumatic stress symptoms and those high on both measures scoring at or above diagnostic thresholds. Study 3 included three measures of narrative centrality and three of negative Affectivity to demonstrate that the effects were not limited to a single measure. In Study 4 (n = 987), measures associated with symptoms of posttraumatic stress correlated substantially with either with measures of narrative centrality or measures of negative Affectivity. The concepts of narrative centrality and negative Affectivity and the results are consistent with findings from clinical populations using similar measures and with current approaches to therapy. In broad non-clinical populations, such as those used here, the results suggest that we might be able to substantially increase our ability to account for the severity of stress response by including both concepts.
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narrative centrality and negative Affectivity independent and interactive contributors to stress reactions
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2014Co-Authors: David C Rubin, Adriel Boals, Rick H HoyleAbstract:Reactions to stressful negative events have long been studied using approaches based on either the narrative interpretation of the event or the traits of the individual. Here, we integrate these 2 approaches by using individual-differences measures of both the narrative interpretation of the stressful event as central to one's life and the personality characteristic of negative Affectivity. We show that they each have independent contributions to stress reactions and that high levels on both produce greater than additive effects. The effects on posttraumatic stress symptoms are substantial for both undergraduates (Study 1, n = 2,296; Study 3, n = 488) and veterans (Study 2, n = 104), with mean levels for participants low on both measures near floor on posttraumatic stress symptoms and those high on both measures scoring at or above diagnostic thresholds. Study 3 included 3 measures of narrative centrality and 3 of negative Affectivity to demonstrate that the effects were not limited to a single measure. In Study 4 (n = 987), measures associated with symptoms of posttraumatic stress correlated substantially with either measures of narrative centrality or measures of negative Affectivity. The concepts of narrative centrality and negative Affectivity and the results are consistent with findings from clinical populations using similar measures and with current approaches to therapy. In broad nonclinical populations, such as those used here, the results suggest that we might be able to substantially increase our ability to account for the severity of stress response by including both concepts.
Beatrice De Gelder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of negative Affectivity and social inhibition in perceiving social threat an fmri study
Neuropsychologia, 2011Co-Authors: Mariska E Kret, Johan Denollet, Julie Grezes, Beatrice De GelderAbstract:Personality is associated with specific emotion regulation styles presumably linked with unique brain activity patterns. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 26 individuals, the neural responses to threatening (fearful and angry) facial and bodily expressions were investigated in relation to negative Affectivity and social inhibition. A negative correlation was observed between negative Affectivity and activation of the amygdala, fusiform gyrus, insula and hippocampus. Increased activation following threatening stimuli was observed in the left temporo-parietal junction and right extrastriate body area correlating with more social inhibition traits. Interestingly, the orbitofrontal cortex, superior temporal sulcus, inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 45) and temporal pole correlated negatively with negative Affectivity and positively with social inhibition. Whereas individuals with increased negative Affectivity tend to de-activate the core emotion system, socially inhibited people tend to over-activate a broad cortical network. Our findings demonstrate effects of personality traits on the neural coding of threatening signals.
David C Rubin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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narrative centrality and negative Affectivity independent and interactive contributors to stress reactions
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2014Co-Authors: David C Rubin, Adriel Boals, Rick H HoyleAbstract:Reactions to stressful negative events have long been studied using approaches based on either the narrative interpretation of the event or the traits of the individual. Here, we integrate these two approaches by using individual differences measures of both the narrative interpretation of the stressful event as central to one’s life and the personality characteristic of negative Affectivity. We show that they each have independent contributions to stress reactions, and that high levels on both produce greater than additive effects. The effects on posttraumatic stress symptoms are substantial for both undergraduates (Study 1, n = 2,296; Study 3, n = 488) and veterans (Study 2, n = 104), with mean levels for participants low on both measures near floor on posttraumatic stress symptoms and those high on both measures scoring at or above diagnostic thresholds. Study 3 included three measures of narrative centrality and three of negative Affectivity to demonstrate that the effects were not limited to a single measure. In Study 4 (n = 987), measures associated with symptoms of posttraumatic stress correlated substantially with either with measures of narrative centrality or measures of negative Affectivity. The concepts of narrative centrality and negative Affectivity and the results are consistent with findings from clinical populations using similar measures and with current approaches to therapy. In broad non-clinical populations, such as those used here, the results suggest that we might be able to substantially increase our ability to account for the severity of stress response by including both concepts.
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narrative centrality and negative Affectivity independent and interactive contributors to stress reactions
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2014Co-Authors: David C Rubin, Adriel Boals, Rick H HoyleAbstract:Reactions to stressful negative events have long been studied using approaches based on either the narrative interpretation of the event or the traits of the individual. Here, we integrate these 2 approaches by using individual-differences measures of both the narrative interpretation of the stressful event as central to one's life and the personality characteristic of negative Affectivity. We show that they each have independent contributions to stress reactions and that high levels on both produce greater than additive effects. The effects on posttraumatic stress symptoms are substantial for both undergraduates (Study 1, n = 2,296; Study 3, n = 488) and veterans (Study 2, n = 104), with mean levels for participants low on both measures near floor on posttraumatic stress symptoms and those high on both measures scoring at or above diagnostic thresholds. Study 3 included 3 measures of narrative centrality and 3 of negative Affectivity to demonstrate that the effects were not limited to a single measure. In Study 4 (n = 987), measures associated with symptoms of posttraumatic stress correlated substantially with either measures of narrative centrality or measures of negative Affectivity. The concepts of narrative centrality and negative Affectivity and the results are consistent with findings from clinical populations using similar measures and with current approaches to therapy. In broad nonclinical populations, such as those used here, the results suggest that we might be able to substantially increase our ability to account for the severity of stress response by including both concepts.
Michael J Zvolensky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interactive effect of negative Affectivity and anxiety sensitivity in terms of mental health among latinos in primary care
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2016Co-Authors: Michael J Zvolensky, Daniel J Paulus, Jafar Bakhshaie, Monica Garza, Melissa Ochoaperez, Angela Medvedeva, Daniel Bogiaizian, Zuzuky Robles, Kara ManningAbstract:From a public health perspective, primary care medical settings represent a strategic location to address mental health disapirty among Latinos. Yet, there is little empirical work that addresses affective vulnerability processes for mental health problems in such settings. To help address this gap in knowledge, the present investigation examined an interactive model of negative Affectivity (tendency to experience negative mood states) and anxiety sensitivity (fear of the negative consequences of aversive sensations) among a Latino sample in primary care in terms of a relatively wide range of anxiety/depression indices. Participants included 390 Latino adults (Mage=38.7, SD=11.3; 86.9% female; 95.6% reported Spanish as first language) from a primary care health clinic. Primary dependent measures included depressive, suicidal, social anxiety, and anxious arousal symptoms, number of mood and anxiety disorders, and disability. Consistent with prediction, the interaction between negative Affectivity and anxiety sensitivity was significantly related to suicidal, social anxiety, and anxious arousal symptoms, as well as number of mood/anxiety diagnoses and disability among the primary care Latino sample. The form of the interactions indicated a synergistic effect, such that the greatest levels of each outcome were found among those with high negative Affectivity and high anxiety sensitivity. There was a trending interaction for depressive symptoms. Overall, these data provide novel empirical evidence suggesting that there is a clinically-relevant interplay between anxiety sensitivity and negative Affectivity in regard to the expression of anxiety and depressive symptoms among a Latino primary care sample.
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an evaluation of anxiety sensitivity emotional dysregulation and negative Affectivity among daily cigarette smokers relation to smoking motives and barriers to quitting
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2008Co-Authors: Adam Gonzalez, Michael J Zvolensky, Anka A Vujanovic, Teresa M Leyro, Erin C MarshallAbstract:The present investigation evaluated the relations between anxiety sensitivity and motivational bases of cigarette smoking, as well as barriers to quitting smoking, above and beyond concurrent substance use, negative Affectivity, and emotional dysregulation among a community sample of 189 daily cigarette smokers (46% women; Mage = 24.97 years, SD = 9.78). Results indicated that anxiety sensitivity was significantly related to coping, addictive, and habitual smoking motives, as well as greater perceived barriers to quitting. These effects were evident above and beyond the variance accounted for by concurrent tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use and discernable from shared variance with negative Affectivity and emotional dysregulation. Emotional dysregulation was significantly related to stimulation, habitual, and sensorimotor smoking motives and greater perceived barriers to quitting, whereas negative Affectivity was only significantly related to smoking for relaxation. These findings uniquely add to a growing literature suggesting anxiety sensitivity is an important and unique cognitive factor for better understanding clinically-relevant psychological processes related to cigarette smoking.
Margarete E Vollrath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of maternal negative Affectivity on light alcohol use and binge drinking during pregnancy
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2013Co-Authors: Kim Stenelarsen, Leila Torgersen, Katrine Strandberglarsen, Per T Normann, Margarete E VollrathAbstract:Objectives To investigate whether maternal negative Affectivity, a tendency to frequent negative emotions and views, is associated with light alcohol use and binge drinking during pregnancy. Design Cohort. Setting Norway 1999–2008. Population The study includes complete information on 66 111 pregnant women and their partners. Methods We used data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study (MoBa) representing 39% of the pregnant population. Main outcome measures Light alcohol use (0.5–2 units one to four times per month) and binge drinking (an intake of 5 alcohol units or more) measured with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C). Results For each unit increase in maternal negative Affectivity the odds for light alcohol use increased with 27% in the first trimester [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–1.36], and 28% in the second trimester (95% CI 1.18–1.39). With respect to binge drinking, each unit increase in maternal negative Affectivity was associated with 55% higher odds in the first trimester (95% CI 1.44–1.67), and 114% higher odds in the second trimester (95% CI 1.70–2.69). Conclusions Negative Affectivity is associated with both light alcohol use and binge drinking during pregnancy. The mechanisms mediating the relation between negative Affectivity and alcohol use in pregnancy should be investigated further.
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the impact of maternal negative Affectivity on dietary patterns of 18 month old children in the norwegian mother and child cohort study
Maternal and Child Nutrition, 2009Co-Authors: Eivind Ystrom, Margarete E Vollrath, Susan NiegelAbstract:Early dietary habits are formative for dietary habits later in life. Maternal personality might be an important factor in unhealthy feeding of children. The current study aims to assess the degree to which the personality trait of negative Affectivity in mothers predicts their child's diet at age 18 months. This study is a part of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. A total of 27 763 mothers completed 3 repeated assessments of negative Affectivity before and after childbirth and of the child's diet when the child was 18 months old. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the dietary patterns, and structural equation modeling was used to investigate the relationship with negative Affectivity adjusted for socio-demographical variables. Exploratory factor analysis of a foods frequency questionnaire revealed two dietary patterns in the child, labeled unhealthy diet and wholesome diet. The unhealthy diet comprised foods rich in sugar and fat; the wholesome diet comprised foods rich in fibre, vitamins and minerals. Mothers high in negative Affectivity were more inclined to feed their child an unhealthy diet. The results were adjusted for maternal age, years of education, relative income, marital status, number of children, having the child in daycare, maternal smoking, maternal body mass index, and child gender. This study shows that a maternal personality trait, negative Affectivity, is related to feeding the child an unhealthy diet after controlling for key socio-demographic variables.