The Experts below are selected from a list of 56892 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Steffen Wetzstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the global urban housing Affordability crisis
Urban Studies, 2017Co-Authors: Steffen WetzsteinAbstract:This critical commentary confronts and explores the – so far under-recognised and under-researched – emergent global crisis of urban housing Affordability and affordable housing provision. This crisis results from the fact that housing-related household expenses are rising faster than salary and wage increases in many urban centres around the world; a situation triggered by at least three global post-Global Financial Crisis megatrends of accelerated (re)urbanisation of capital and people, the provision of cheap credit and the rise of intra-society inequality. Reflecting on the recent findings of extensive comparative ethnographic research across Western countries, and analytically approaching housing Affordability and affordable housing issues from a broadly understood intersection of political and economic spheres (e.g. issues of state and market, governance and regulation, policy and investment), the paper pursues four key objectives: raising awareness of the crisis, showing its extent and context-speci...
Elyse R. Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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health insurance coverage care accessibility and Affordability for adult survivors of childhood cancer a cross sectional study of a nationally representative database
Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 2016Co-Authors: Karen Kuhlthau, Anne C Kirchhoff, Ryan D Nipp, Amy Shui, Sean Srichankij, Alison A Galbraith, Elyse R. ParkAbstract:We describe national patterns of health insurance coverage and care accessibility and Affordability in a national sample of adult childhood cancer survivors (CCS) compared to adults without cancer. Using data from the 2010–2014 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), we selected a sample of all CCS age 21 to 65 years old and a 1:3 matched sample of controls without a history of cancer. We examined insurance coverage, care accessibility and Affordability in CCS and controls. We tested for differences in the groups in bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression models. Of all respondents age 21–65 in the full NHIS sample, 443 (0.35 %) were CCS. Fewer CCS were insured (76.4 %) compared to controls (81.4 %, p = 0.067). Significantly more CCS reported delaying medical care (24.7 vs 13.0 %), needing but not getting medical care in the previous 12 months (20.0 vs 10.0 %), and having trouble paying medical bills (40.3 vs 19.7 %) compared to controls (p < 0.0001 for all). More CCS reported trouble with care Affordability in the previous 12 months compared to controls on six categories of care and for a combined measure of Affordability (p < 0.0001 for composite of all). Adjusted analyses demonstrated that these differences comparing CCS to controls remained significant. CCS report problems with health care accessibility and Affordability. These analyses support the development of policies to assure that CCS have access to affordable services. Efforts to improve access to high-quality and affordable insurance for CCS may help reduce the gaps in getting medical care and problems with Affordability. Health care providers should be aware that such problems exist and should discuss Affordability and ability to obtain care with patients.
Ce Shang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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price income and Affordability as the determinants of tobacco consumption a practitioner s guide to tobacco taxation
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2021Co-Authors: Nigar Nargis, Ce Shang, Michal Stoklosa, Jeffrey DropeAbstract:INTRODUCTION Tobacco product prices and consumers' income are the two major economic determinants of tobacco demand. The Affordability of tobacco products is dependent on the price of tobacco products relative to consumer income. Increase in tobacco tax is expected to lead to higher price, lower Affordability, and reduced consumption. Price elasticity and Affordability elasticity are used in analyzing the effect of tobacco tax increases on tobacco consumption and public health. The availability of both parameters raises the question of which one to apply in policy discussions. AIMS AND METHODS Using global data on cigarette consumption, price, income, and tobacco control measures for 169 countries over 2007-2016, this study estimated the price elasticity and Affordability elasticity of cigarette consumption by country income classification using country-specific fixed effects model for panel data. RESULTS The estimates show that the restriction of equal strength of the effects of price and income changes on tobacco consumption maintained in Affordability elasticity estimation is valid for low- and middle-income countries, while it is rejected for high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS Affordability elasticity may prove to be a useful parameter to explain and predict the sensitivity of consumers to tobacco tax and price policy changes under conditions of robust economic growth, which are more likely to be observed in countries with initial low- or middle-income setting. It can provide a reasonable benchmark for tobacco tax and price increase necessary to effectively reduce Affordability and consumption of tobacco, which can form a basis for building systematic tax and price increases into the tobacco tax policy mechanism. IMPLICATIONS Price elasticity measures the sensitivity of consumers to changes in real prices, holding real income constant. Affordability elasticity measures the sensitivity of consumers to price changes adjusted for inflation and income changes. Existing scientific literature on tobacco demand abounds in both price and Affordability elasticity estimates, without providing a clear explanation of the theoretical and policy implications of using one parameter over the other. By estimating and comparing price and Affordability elasticities for high-income and low-and-middle-income countries separately, this article offers a guide to the practitioners in tobacco taxation for evaluating the effectiveness of tax-induced price increases on tobacco consumption.
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the association between cigarette Affordability and consumption an update
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Ce Shang, Frank J ChaloupkaAbstract:Objectives This study calculates cigarette Affordability for 78 countries worldwide from 2001 to 2014 using the Relative Income Price (RIP) ratio defined as the percentage of per capita GDP required to purchase 100 packs of cigarettes using the lowest price from Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) database, examine the association between cigarette Affordability and cigarette consumption, and calculate the Affordability elasticity of demand. Design and methods RIP (2001–2014) was calculated for 16 low-income economies, 19 lower middle-income economies, 13 upper middle-income economies, and 30 high-income economies. Ordinary least square regressions were used to analyze the association between cigarette Affordability and consumption. Results Per capita consumption continued to rise in low-income countries and decreased slightly in lower middle-income countries as the RIP of cigarette consistently declined in low- and lower middle-income economies from 2001 to 2014. The real cigarette prices continued to decline in low- and lower middle-income countries and continued to rise in upper middle- and high-income countries. Though cigarettes were more expensive in HICs than were in LMICs, cigarettes were more affordable in HICs than were in LMICs. The regression results show a 10% increase in the RIP of cigarettes led to a 2% decrease in per capita consumption. The Affordability elasticity of demand differed significantly between HICs and LMICs. However, the effect of cigarette Affordability on consumption has not changed over time. Conclusions To control the smoking epidemic, low- and lower middle-income countries should further increase cigarette prices. The rate of price increase should exceed the rate of economic growth and outpace the inflation rate to make cigarettes less affordable and thereby reducing tobacco use.
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the association between cigarette Affordability and consumption
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Ce Shang, Frank J ChaloupkaAbstract:Objectives: to calculate cigarette Affordability for 78 countries worldwide from 2001 to 2014 using the Relative Income Price (RIP) ratio defined as the percentage of per capita GDP required to purchase 100 packs of cigarettes using the lowest price from Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) database, examine the association between cigarette Affordability and cigarette consumption, and calculate the Affordability elasticity of demand. Design and Methods: RIP (2001-2014) was calculated for 16 low-income economies, 19 lower middle-income economies, 13 upper middle-income economies, and 30 high-income economies. Ordinary least square regressions were used to analyze the association between cigarette Affordability and consumption. Results and Conclusions: Per capita consumption continued to rise in low-income countries and decreased slightly in lower middle-income countries as the RIP of cigarette consistently declined in low- and lower middle-income economies from 2001 to 2014. The real cigarette prices continued to decline in low- and lower middle-income countries and continued to rise in upper middle- and high-income countries. Though cigarettes were more expensive in HICs than were in LMICs, cigarettes were more affordable in HICs than were in LMICs. The regression results show a 10% increase in the RIP of cigarettes led to a 2% decrease in per capita consumption. The Affordability elasticity of demand differed significantly between HICs and LMICs. However, the effect of cigarette Affordability on consumption has not changed over time. To control the smoking epidemic, low- and lower middle-income countries should further increase cigarette prices. The rate of price increase should exceed the rate of economic growth and outpace the inflation rate to make cigarettes less affordable and thereby reducing tobacco use.
Robin K Yabroff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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health insurance coverage disruptions and access to care and Affordability among cancer survivors in the united states
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2020Co-Authors: Jingxuan Zhao, Zhiyuan Zheng, Xuesong Han, Ahmedin Jemal, Leticia Nogueira, Robin K YabroffAbstract:Background: Lack of health insurance is associated with having problems with access to high-quality care. We estimated prevalence and evaluated associations of insurance coverage disruptions and access to health care and Affordability among cancer survivors in the United States. Methods: Adult cancer survivors ages 18 to 64 years with current private or public health insurance were identified from the 2011 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey (n = 7,186). Health insurance coverage disruption was measured as self-reports of any time in the prior year without coverage. Outcomes included preventive services use, problems with care Affordability, and cost-related medication nonadherence in the prior year. We used separate multivariable logistic models to evaluate associations between coverage disruptions and study outcomes by current insurance coverage. Results: Among currently insured survivors, 3.7% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 3.0%–4.4%] with private, and 7.8% (95% CI, 6.5%–9.4%) with public insurance reported coverage disruptions in 2011 to 2018. We estimated that approximately 260,000 survivors ages 18 to 64 years had coverage disruptions in 2018. Among privately and publicly insured survivors, those with coverage disruptions were less likely to report all preventive services use (16.9% vs. 36.2%; 14.6% vs. 25.3%, respectively) and more likely to report any problems with care Affordability (55.0% vs. 17.7%; 71.1% vs. 38.4%, respectively) and any cost-related medication nonadherence (39.4% vs. 10.1%; 36.5% vs. 16.3%, respectively) compared with those continuously insured (all P Conclusions: Coverage disruptions in the prior year were associated with problems with health care access and Affordability among currently insured survivors. Impact: Reducing coverage disruptions may help improve access and Affordability for survivors.
Frank J Chaloupka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the association between cigarette Affordability and consumption an update
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Ce Shang, Frank J ChaloupkaAbstract:Objectives This study calculates cigarette Affordability for 78 countries worldwide from 2001 to 2014 using the Relative Income Price (RIP) ratio defined as the percentage of per capita GDP required to purchase 100 packs of cigarettes using the lowest price from Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) database, examine the association between cigarette Affordability and cigarette consumption, and calculate the Affordability elasticity of demand. Design and methods RIP (2001–2014) was calculated for 16 low-income economies, 19 lower middle-income economies, 13 upper middle-income economies, and 30 high-income economies. Ordinary least square regressions were used to analyze the association between cigarette Affordability and consumption. Results Per capita consumption continued to rise in low-income countries and decreased slightly in lower middle-income countries as the RIP of cigarette consistently declined in low- and lower middle-income economies from 2001 to 2014. The real cigarette prices continued to decline in low- and lower middle-income countries and continued to rise in upper middle- and high-income countries. Though cigarettes were more expensive in HICs than were in LMICs, cigarettes were more affordable in HICs than were in LMICs. The regression results show a 10% increase in the RIP of cigarettes led to a 2% decrease in per capita consumption. The Affordability elasticity of demand differed significantly between HICs and LMICs. However, the effect of cigarette Affordability on consumption has not changed over time. Conclusions To control the smoking epidemic, low- and lower middle-income countries should further increase cigarette prices. The rate of price increase should exceed the rate of economic growth and outpace the inflation rate to make cigarettes less affordable and thereby reducing tobacco use.
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the association between cigarette Affordability and consumption
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Ce Shang, Frank J ChaloupkaAbstract:Objectives: to calculate cigarette Affordability for 78 countries worldwide from 2001 to 2014 using the Relative Income Price (RIP) ratio defined as the percentage of per capita GDP required to purchase 100 packs of cigarettes using the lowest price from Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) database, examine the association between cigarette Affordability and cigarette consumption, and calculate the Affordability elasticity of demand. Design and Methods: RIP (2001-2014) was calculated for 16 low-income economies, 19 lower middle-income economies, 13 upper middle-income economies, and 30 high-income economies. Ordinary least square regressions were used to analyze the association between cigarette Affordability and consumption. Results and Conclusions: Per capita consumption continued to rise in low-income countries and decreased slightly in lower middle-income countries as the RIP of cigarette consistently declined in low- and lower middle-income economies from 2001 to 2014. The real cigarette prices continued to decline in low- and lower middle-income countries and continued to rise in upper middle- and high-income countries. Though cigarettes were more expensive in HICs than were in LMICs, cigarettes were more affordable in HICs than were in LMICs. The regression results show a 10% increase in the RIP of cigarettes led to a 2% decrease in per capita consumption. The Affordability elasticity of demand differed significantly between HICs and LMICs. However, the effect of cigarette Affordability on consumption has not changed over time. To control the smoking epidemic, low- and lower middle-income countries should further increase cigarette prices. The rate of price increase should exceed the rate of economic growth and outpace the inflation rate to make cigarettes less affordable and thereby reducing tobacco use.
