Agaricomycetes

14,000,000 Leading Edge Experts on the ideXlab platform

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

The Experts below are selected from a list of 2106 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Terry W. Henkel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Kombocles bakaiana gen. sp. nov. (Boletaceae), a new sequestrate fungus from Cameroon
    IMA Fungus, 2016
    Co-Authors: Michael A. Castellano, Todd F. Elliott, Camille Truong, Olivier Séné, Bryn T. M. Dentinger, Terry W. Henkel
    Abstract:

    Kombocles bakaiana gen. sp. nov. is described as new to science. This sequestrate, partially hypogeous fungus was collected around and within the stilt root system of an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree of the genus Uapaca (Phyllanthaceae) in a Guineo-Congolian mixed tropical rainforest in Cameroon. Molecular data place this fungus in Boletaceae (Boletales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) with no clear relationship to previously described taxa within the family. Macro- and micromorphological characters, habitat, and DNA sequence data are provided. Unique morphological features and a molecular phylogenetic analysis of 304 sequences across the Boletales justify the recognition of the new taxa. Kombocles bakaiana is the fourth sequestrate Boletaceae described from the greater African tropics, and the first to be described from Cameroon.

  • New sequestrate fungi from Guyana: Jimtrappea guyanensis gen. sp. nov., Castellanea pakaraimophila gen. sp. nov., and Costatisporus cyanescens gen. sp. nov. (Boletaceae, Boletales)
    IMA Fungus, 2015
    Co-Authors: Matthew E. Smith, Todd F. Elliott, Kevin R. Amses, Keisuke Obase, M. Catherine Aime, Terry W. Henkel
    Abstract:

    Jimtrappea guyanensis gen. sp. nov., Castellanea pakaraimophila gen. sp. nov., and Costatisporus cyanescens gen. sp. nov. are described as new to science. These sequestrate, hypogeous fungi were collected in Guyana under closed canopy tropical forests in association with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) host tree genera Dicymbe (Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideae), Aldina (Fabaceae subfam. Papilionoideae) , and Pakaraimaea (Dipterocarpaceae). Molecular data place these fungi in Boletaceae (Boletales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) and inform their relationships to other known epigeous and sequestrate taxa within that family. Macro- and micromorphological characters, habitat, and multi-locus DNA sequence data are provided for each new taxon. Unique morphological features and a molecular phylogenetic analysis of 185 taxa across the order Boletales justify the recognition of the three new genera.

Alexander R. Schmidt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pre-Cretaceous Agaricomycetes yet to be discovered: Reinvestigation of a putative Triassic bracket fungus from southern Germany
    Fossil Record, 2012
    Co-Authors: Anna Philie Kiecksee, Leyla J. Seyfullah, Heinrich Dörfelt, Jochen Heinrichs, Herbert Süß, Alexander R. Schmidt
    Abstract:

    Agaricomycetes are major components of extant terrestrial ecosystems; however, their fruiting bodies are exceedingly rare as fossils. Reinvestigation of a peculiar fossil from Late Triassic sediments of southern Germany interpreted as a bracket fungus revealed that this fossil in fact represents a wood abnormality, resulting from injury to the cambium and subsequent callus growth in a Baieroxylon-like ginkgoalean wood. As a result, the fossil record of the Agaricomycetes does not yet pre-date the Early Cretaceous, suggesting a late diversification of basidiomycetes possessing large fruiting bodies.

  • Pre-Cretaceous Agaricomycetes yet to be discovered: Reinvestigation of a putative Triassic bracket fungus from southern Germany
    Fossil Record, 2012
    Co-Authors: Anna Philie Kiecksee, Leyla J. Seyfullah, Heinrich Dörfelt, Jochen Heinrichs, Herbert Süß, Alexander R. Schmidt
    Abstract:

    Agaricomycetes are major components of extant terrestrial ecosystems; however, their fruiting bodies are exceedingly rare as fossils. Reinvestigation of a peculiar fossil from Late Triassic sediments of southern Germany interpreted as a bracket fungus revealed that this fossil in fact represents a wood abnormality, resulting from injury to the cambium and subsequent callus growth in a <i>Baieroxylon</i> -like ginkgoalean wood. As a result, the fossil record of the Agaricomycetes does not yet pre-date the Early Cretaceous, suggesting a late diversification of basidiomycetes possessing large fruiting bodies. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.201200006" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.201200006</a>

Teruyuki Matsumoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Takehito Nakazawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effects of pex1 disruption on wood lignin biodegradation, fruiting development and the utilization of carbon sources in the white-rot Agaricomycete Pleurotus ostreatus and non-wood decaying Coprinopsis cinerea.
    Fungal Genetics and Biology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Takehito Nakazawa, Ayako Izuno, Masato Horii, Rina Kodera, Hiroshi Nishimura, Yuichiro Hirayama, Yuta Tsunematsu, Yasumasa Miyazaki, Tatsuya Awano, Hajime Muraguchi
    Abstract:

    Abstract Peroxisomes are well-known organelles that are present in most eukaryotic organisms. Mutant phenotypes caused by the malfunction of peroxisomes have been shown in many fungi. However, these have never been investigated in Agaricomycetes, which include white-rot fungi that degrade wood lignin in nature almost exclusively and play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Based on the results of a forward genetics study to identify mutations causing defects in the ligninolytic activity of the white-rot Agaricomycete Pleurotus ostreatus , we report phenotypes of pex1 disruptants in P. ostreatus , which are defective in two major features of white-rot Agaricomycetes: lignin biodegradation and mushroom formation. Pex1 disruption was also shown to cause defects in the hyphal growth of P. ostreatus on certain sawdust and minimum media. We also demonstrated that pex1 is essential for fruiting initiation in the non-wood decaying Agaricomycete Coprinopsis cinerea . However, unlike P. ostreatus , significant defects in hyphal growth on the aforementioned agar medium were not observed in C. cinerea . This result, together with previous C. cinerea genetic studies, suggests that the regulation mechanisms for the utilization of carbon sources are altered during the evolution of Agaricomycetes or Agaricales.

  • a mutation in the cc arp9 gene encoding a putative actin related protein causes defects in fruiting initiation and asexual development in the agaricomycete coprinopsis cinerea
    Current Genetics, 2016
    Co-Authors: Takehito Nakazawa, Yuki Ando, Takeshi Hata, Kiyoshi Nakahori
    Abstract:

    Agaricomycetes exhibit a remarkable morphological differentiation from vegetative mycelia to huge fruiting bodies. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the fruiting body development, we have isolated and characterized many Coprinopsis cinerea mutant strains defective in fruiting initiation to date. Dikaryon formation in Agaricomycetes, which is followed by fruiting development, is governed by the mating type loci, A and B. Recently, mutations in the Cc.snf5 gene, which encodes a putative component of the chromatin remodeling complex switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF), were shown to cause defects in A-regulated clamp cell morphogenesis, as well as in fruiting initiation. Here, we demonstrate that Cc.arp9, which encodes a putative actin-related protein associated with two chromatin remodeling complexes, SWI/SNF and remodels the structure of chromatin (RSC), is also essential for fruiting initiation. In contrast to Cc.snf5 mutants, Cc.arp9 mutants were not defective in clamp cell formation. The effects of mutations in Cc.arp9 and Cc.snf5 on oidia production and the transcriptional expression levels of clp1 and pcc1, which are under the control of the A gene, were also examined. These indicated that Cc.Snf5 is involved in A-regulated pathways, whereas Cc.Arp9 is not apparently. Cc.arp9/Cc.snf5 double-gene disruptants were generated and their phenotypes were analyzed, which suggested a complicated developmental regulation mechanism mediated by chromatin remodeling.

  • Absence of a gene encoding cytosine deaminase in the genome of the agaricomycete Coprinopsis cinerea enables simple marker recycling through 5-fluorocytosine counterselection
    Fems Microbiology Letters, 2015
    Co-Authors: Takehito Nakazawa, Yoichi Honda
    Abstract:

    : Coprinopsis cinerea is a model species for molecular genetics studies of sexual development in Agaricomycetes or homobasidiomycetes. Recently, efficient gene targeting was established in this fungus by generating Cc.ku70 or Cc.lig4 disruptants. To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying sexual development, which involves many genes, generating multiple gene disruptants is required. However, the number of transformation markers available for C. cinerea is limited. This problem would be solved by establishing marker recycling. In this study, we found that C. cinerea lacks a gene encoding a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytosine deaminase (Fcy1p) in its genome, which is present in many other fungi. We also observed that C. cinerea is resistant to 5-fluorocytosine. Based on these findings, we established a simple marker recycling method in this fungus using 5-fluorocytosine counterselection after heterologous expression of FCY1 derived from Pleurotus ostreatus, together with the hygromycin resistance gene. This study proposes a simple genetic manipulation system that can be performed using wild-type strains of several fungi that lack a gene homologous to S. cerevisiae FCY1 in their genomes.

  • Efficient gene targeting in ΔCc.ku70 or ΔCc.lig4 mutants of the agaricomycete Coprinopsis cinerea
    Fungal Genetics and Biology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Takehito Nakazawa, Yuki Ando, Kiyoshi Nakahori, Kohei Kitaaki, Takashi Kamada
    Abstract:

    Abstract Coprinopsis cinerea is a model for studies of sexual development in Agaricomycetes (homobasidiomycetes). Efficient gene targeting should facilitate such studies, especially because increasing genome and transcriptome information is now available in C. cinerea . To estimate the frequency of gene disruption by homologous integration in this fungus, we tried to disrupt Cc.wc-2 , which encodes a WC-2 homolog, a partner of the fungal blue-light photoreceptor, WC-1. Disruption of Cc.wc-2 did not occur when recipients (protoplasts) of the disrupting construct were prepared from asexual spores, oidia, from the wild type, 326, while it occurred when protoplasts were prepared from mycelial cells from the same strain, albeit at a low frequency (3%). Double-stranded RNA-mediated silencing of a ku70 homolog, named Cc.ku70 , or the lig4 homolog Cc.lig4 more or less increased the frequency of Cc.wc-2 targeting. On the basis of these results, we disrupted Cc.ku70 using a Cc.lig4 -silenced strain. We then disrupted Cc.lig4 using the Cc.ku70 disruptant. We found that the disruption of Cc.ku70 or Cc.lig4 greatly enhanced gene targeting. In addition, this study demonstrates that Cc.wc-2 is involved in blue light perception in this fungus.

  • regulation of fruiting body photomorphogenesis in coprinopsis cinerea
    Fungal Genetics and Biology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Takashi Kamada, Hiroaki Sano, Takehito Nakazawa, Kiyoshi Nakahori
    Abstract:

    Abstract The agaricomycete (homobasidiomycete) Coprinopsis cinerea has been used as a model to study the molecular mechanism for photomorphogenesis. Molecular genetic analyses of mutants defective in fruiting body (mushroom) photomorphogenesis of C. cinerea identified two genes, dst1 and dst2 . dst1 encodes a homolog of WC-1, a fungal blue-light photoreceptor first identified in Neurospora crassa , while dst2 encodes a novel protein with a putative flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding-4 domain. In addition, reverse genetic analysis revealed that disruption of a C. cinerea gene encoding a WC-2 homolog, the partner of WC-1, causes the same blind phenotype. Searches on the genome data show that both WC-1 and WC-2 homologs are present in some Agaricomycetes other than C. cinerea . Furthermore, in an agaricomycete, Lentinula edodes , it has been shown in vitro that the WC-1 and WC-2 homologs interact with each other. These findings suggest that the presumptive mechanism for blue-light sensing in Agaricomycetes is fundamentally similar to that in Neurospora crassa , in which the WC-1/WC-2 complex plays a central role. Since the WC-1/WC-2 complex operates as a photoreceptor and a transcription factor, future studies will include identification of the targets of the WC-1/WC-2 complex that regulate photomorphogenesis in Agaricomycetes. Another future challenge will be elucidation of the role of the newly identified photomorphogenetic protein, Dst2, in the blue-light-sensing mechanism.

David S Hibbett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of gasteroid fruiting body morphology on diversification rates in three independent clades of fungi estimated using binary state speciation and extinction analysis
    Evolution, 2011
    Co-Authors: Andrew W. Wilson, Manfred Binder, David S Hibbett
    Abstract:

    : Gasteroid fungi include puffballs, stinkhorns, and other forms that produce their spores inside the fruiting body. Gasteroid taxa comprise about 8.4% of the Agaricomycetes (mushroom-forming fungi) and have evolved numerous times from nongasteroid ancestors, such as gilled mushrooms, polypores, and coral fungi, which produce spores on the surface of the fruiting body. Nongasteroid Agaricomycetes have a complex mechanism of forcible spore discharge that is lost in gasteroid lineages, making reversals to nongasteroid forms very unlikely. Our objective was to determine whether gasteromycetation affects the rate of diversification of lineages "trapped" in the gasteroid state. We assembled four datasets (the Sclerodermatineae, Boletales, Phallomycetidae, and Lycoperdaceae), representing unique origins of gasteroid fungi from nongasteroid ancestors and generated phylogenies using BEAST. Using the program Diversitree, we analyzed these phylogenies to estimate character-state-specific rates of speciation and extinction, and rates of transitions between nongasteroid and gasteroid forms. Most optimal models suggest that the net diversification rate of gasteroid forms exceeds that of nongasteroid forms, and that gasteroid forms will eventually come to predominate over nongasteroid forms in the clades in which they have arisen. The low frequency of gasteroid forms in the Agaricomycetes as a whole may reflect the recent origins of many gasteroid lineages.

  • after the gold rush or before the flood evolutionary morphology of mushroom forming fungi Agaricomycetes in the early 21st century
    Fungal Biology, 2007
    Co-Authors: David S Hibbett
    Abstract:

    Mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes, approx. syn.: Homobasidiomycetes) produce a diverse array of fruiting bodies, ranging from simple crust-like forms to complex, developmentally integrated forms, such as stinkhorns and veiled agarics. The 19th century Friesian system divided the mushroom-forming fungi according to macromorphology. The Friesian taxonomy has long been regarded as artificial, but it continues to influence the language of mycology and perceptions of fungal diversity. Throughout the 20th century, the phylogenetic significance of anatomical features was elucidated, and classifications that departed strongly from the Friesian system were proposed. However, the anatomical studies left many questions and controversies unresolved, due in part to the paucity of characters, as well as the general absence of explicit phylogenetic analyses. Problems in fruiting body evolution were among the first to be addressed when molecular characters became readily accessible in the late 1980s. Today, GenBank contains about 108,000 nucleotide sequences of 'homobasidiomycetes', filed under 7300 unique names. Analyses of these data are providing an increasingly detailed and robust view of the phylogeny and the distribution of different fruiting body forms across the 14 major clades that make up the Agaricomycetes. However, it would be wrong to suggest that all the important questions about fruiting body evolution have been resolved. Recent studies focusing on resupinate forms suggest that there may still be undetected major clades of Agaricomycetes, which could have a significant impact on our estimates of the ancestral forms in this morphologically diverse group. Modern approaches, including comparative phylogenetic analyses and developmental studies, have the potential to yield novel insights into both the macroevolutionary processes and cellular mechanisms of fungal morphological evolution.