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R C Kuhad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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degradation of insecticide lindane gamma hch by white rot Fungi cyathus bulleri and phanerochaete sordida
Pest Management Science, 2000Co-Authors: B K Singh, R C KuhadAbstract:The degradation of the insecticide lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-HCH) by two White-Rot Fungi, Cyathus bulleri and Phanerochaete sordida, was studied. C bulleri degraded lindane more efficiently than P sordida. Two degradative intermediates identified in P sordida culture were tetrachlorocyclohexene and tetrachlorocyclohexanol. However, tetrachlorocyclohexanol was the sole degradation product detected in cultures of C bulleri. The presence of lindane only inside the mycelial cells of both Fungi eliminated any role of intracellular enzymes during initial steps of its degradation. The insecticide at 0.27 micromolar showed no adverse effect on fungal growth.
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Degradation of insecticide lindane (γ-HCH) by White-Rot Fungi Cyathus bulleri and Phanerochaete sordida.
Pest Management Science, 2000Co-Authors: B K Singh, R C KuhadAbstract:An Erratum for this article has been published in Pest Management Science 56(5) 493 (2000). The degradation of the insecticide lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, γ-HCH) by two White-Rot Fungi, Cyathus bulleri and Phanerochaete sordida, was studied. C bulleri degraded lindane more efficiently than P sordida. Two degradative intermediates identified in P sordida culture were tetrachlorocyclohexene and tetrachlorocyclohexanol. However, tetrachlorocyclohexanol was the sole degradation product detected in cultures of C bulleri. The presence of lindane only inside the mycelial cells of both Fungi eliminated any role of intracellular enzymes during initial steps of its degradation. The insecticide at 0.27 µM showed no adverse effect on fungal growth. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Pengfei Xiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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novel metabolic pathways of organochlorine pesticides dieldrin and aldrin by the white rot Fungi of the genus phlebia
Chemosphere, 2011Co-Authors: Pengfei Xiao, Ichiro Kamei, Kazuhiro Takagi, Hiromasa Kiyota, Toshio Mori, Ryuichiro KondoAbstract:White rot Fungi can degrade a wide spectrum of recalcitrant organic pollutants, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this experiment, 20 white rot Fungi, belonging to genus Phlebia, were investigated for their ability to degrade dieldrin. Based on the screening results, we further investigated Phlebia acanthocystis, Phlebia brevispora, and Phlebia aurea to determine their degradation capacity and metabolic products towards dieldrin and aldrin. The three Fungi were able to remove over 50% of dieldrin in a low nitrogen medium, after 42 d of incubation. Three hydroxylated products were detected as metabolites of dieldrin, suggesting that in Phlebia strains, hydroxylation reactions might play an important role in the metabolism of dieldrin. In contrast to dieldrin, aldrin exhibited higher levels of degradation activity. Over 90% of aldrin was removed after 28 d of incubation, and several new metabolites of aldrin in microorganisms, including 9-hydroxyaldrin and two carboxylic acid products, were detected in fungal cultures. These results indicate that the methylene moiety of aldrin and dieldrin molecules might be prone to enzymatic attack by white rot Fungi. In this study, we describe for the first time a new metabolic pathway of both compounds by Fungi of genus Phlebia.
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a novel metabolic pathway for biodegradation of ddt by the white rot Fungi phlebia lindtneri and phlebia brevispora
Biodegradation, 2011Co-Authors: Pengfei Xiao, Ichiro Kamei, Toshio Mori, Ryuichiro KondoAbstract:1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) was used as the substrate for a degradation experiment with the white rot Fungi Phlebia lindtneri GB-1027 and Phlebia brevispora TMIC34596, which are capable of degrading polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Pure culture of P. lindtneri and P. brevispora with DDT (25 μmol l−1) showed that 70 and 30% of DDT, respectively, disappeared in a low-nitrogen medium after a 21-day incubation period. The metabolites were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Both Fungi metabolized DDT to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD), 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid (DDA) and 4,4-dichlorobenzophenone (DBP). Additionally, DDD was converted to DDA and DBP. DDA was converted to DBP and 4,4-dichlorobenzhydrol (DBH). While DBP was treated as substrate, DBH and three hydroxylated metabolites, including one dihydroxylated DBP and two different isomers of monohydroxylated DBH, were produced from fungal cultures, and these hydroxylated metabolites were efficiently inhibited by the addition of a cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide. These results indicate that the white rot Fungi P. lindtneri and P. brevispora can degrade DBP/DBH through hydroxylation of the aromatic ring. Moreover, the single-ring aromatic metabolites, such as 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol and 4-chlorobenzoic acid, were found as metabolic products of all substrate, demonstrating that the cleavage reaction of the aliphatic-aryl carbon bond occurs in the biodegradation process of DDT by white rot Fungi.
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metabolism of organochlorine pesticide heptachlor and its metabolite heptachlor epoxide by white rot Fungi belonging to genus phlebia
Fems Microbiology Letters, 2011Co-Authors: Pengfei Xiao, Ichiro Kamei, Toshio Mori, Ryuichiro KondoAbstract:White rot Fungi of the genus Phlebia have demonstrated a high capacity to degrade organic pollutants, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. In this study, we evaluated the ability of 18 white rot Fungi species of genus Phlebia to degrade heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, and described the metabolic pathways by selected white rot Fungi. Phlebia tremellosa, Phlebia brevispora and Phlebia acanthocystis removed about 71%, 74% and 90% of heptachlor, respectively, after 14 days of incubation. A large amount of heptachlor epoxide and a small amount of 1-hydroxychlordene and 1-hydroxy-2,3-epoxychlordene were detected as metabolic products of heptachlor from most fungal cultures. The screening of heptachlor epoxide-degrading Fungi revealed that several Fungi are capable of degrading heptachlor epoxide, which is a recalcitrant metabolite of heptachlor. Phlebia acanthocystis, P. brevispora, Phlebia lindtneri and Phlebia aurea removed about 16%, 16%, 22% and 25% of heptachlor epoxide, respectively, after 14 days of incubation. Heptachlor diol and 1-hydroxy-2,3-epoxychlordene were produced in these fungal cultures as metabolites, suggesting that the hydrolysis and hydroxylation reaction occur in the epoxide ring and in position 1 of heptachlor epoxide, respectively.
M A M Rodrigues - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the potential of white rot Fungi to degrade phorbol esters of jatropha curcas l seed cake
Engineering in Life Sciences, 2011Co-Authors: C R M De Barros, L M M Ferreira, Fernando M Nunes, Rui M F Bezerra, Albino A Dias, Cristina Guedes, J W Cone, Guilhermina Marques, M A M RodriguesAbstract:The potential of solid-state cultivation, with three White-Rot Fungi (Bjerkandera adusta, Ganoderma resinaceum and Phlebia rufa), to decrease phorbol esters concentration of Jatropha curcas L. was evaluated in this study. Incubation was conducted in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks without agitation at 28 degrees C for 30 days. Phorbol esters were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC after an extraction procedure using dichloromethane. All Fungi studied were able to decrease the concentration of phorbol esters, mainly B. adusta and P. rufa which significantly reduced (pl0.05) phorbol esters contents to non-toxic levels. These results suggest that White-Rot Fungi could be potentially used as a possible approach for the biological treatment of the oilseed cake.
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modification of wheat straw lignin by solid state fermentation with white rot Fungi
Bioresource Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Maria J Dinis, L M M Ferreira, Fernando M Nunes, Rui M F Bezerra, Albino A Dias, Cristina Guedes, J W Cone, Guilhermina Marques, Ana R N Barros, M A M RodriguesAbstract:The potential of crude enzyme extracts, obtained from solid state cultivation of four White-Rot Fungi (Trametes versicolor, Bjerkandera adusta, Ganoderma applanatum and Phlebia rufa), was exploited to modify wheat straw cell wall. At different fermentation times, manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase (LiP), laccase, carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), avicelase, xylanase and feruloyl esterase activities were screened and the content of lignin as well as hydroxycinnamic acids in fermented straw were determined. All Fungi secreted feruloyl esterase while LiP was only detected in crude extracts from B. adusta. Since no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in remaining lignin content of fermented straw, LiP activity was not a limiting factor of enzymatic lignin removal process. The levels of esterified hydroxycinnamic acids degradation were considerably higher than previous reports with lignocellulosic biomass. The data show that P. rufa, may be considered for more specific studies as higher ferulic and p-coumaric acids degradation was observed for earlier incubation times.
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effect of enzyme extracts isolated from white rot Fungi on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of wheat straw
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2008Co-Authors: M A M Rodrigues, L M M Ferreira, Rui M F Bezerra, Albino A Dias, Cristina Guedes, J W Cone, Paula A Pinto, V M G Cardoso, Jorge Colaco, C A SequeiraAbstract:A series of in vitro experiments were completed to evaluate the potential of enzyme extracts, obtained from the White-Rot Fungi Trametes versicolor (TV1, TV2), Bjerkandera adusta (BA) and Fomes fomentarius (FF), to increase degradation of cell wall components of wheat straw. The studies were conducted as a completely randomized design and analysed using one-way ANOVA. Enzyme activities of the extracts, previously obtained from a liquid culture medium, were characterized in terms of laccase and peroxidase for ligninolytic activity. Carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and avicell digesting cellulase (Avicelase) were used for cellulolytic enzyme assays. Wheat straw samples were incubated with enzyme extracts in a citrate buffer (pH 5.0) in a forced air oven at 25 °C for 6 days. In vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD), and the rate and extent of NDF fermentation, without and after incubation with the White-Rot enzyme extracts, were determined using a gravimetric microbiological method and a gas production technique, respectively. Results from cell wall chemical composition showed that TV2 and BA enzyme extracts decreased NDF concentration (P<0.05) and that TV1 had higher activity (P<0.05) towards cellulose. There was an increase in IVNDFD (P<0.05), resulting from treatment of wheat straw with enzyme extracts from BA, TV1 and TV2, reaching a difference of 13% for TV2 (P<0.05), versus the non-treated straw control. Treatment with enzyme extract from TV2 caused increased gas production (P<0.05) after the first 20 h of incubation, and also increased the maximum rate of gas production, thus enhancing fermentation kinetics. This study indicates that enzyme extracts from White-Rot Fungi can be used to develop new approaches to overcome low digestibility of some plant cell walls. Utilization of different substrates to produce enzyme extracts can lead to production of viable ligninolytic complexes which could improve the nutritive value of fibrous feeds.
In-gyu Choi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biotransformation of α pinene by whole cells of white rot Fungi ceriporia sp zly 2010 and stereum hirsutum
Mycobiology, 2015Co-Authors: Su-yeon Lee, Seon-hong Kim, Chang-young Hong, Ho-young Kim, Sun-hwa Ryu, In-gyu ChoiAbstract:Two white rot Fungi, Ceriporia sp. ZLY-2010 (CER) and Stereum hirsutum (STH) were used as biocatalysts for the biotransformation of (-)-α-pinene. After 96 hr, CER converted the bicyclic monoterpene hydrocarbon (-)-α-pinene into α-terpineol (yield, 0.05 g/L), a monocyclic monoterpene alcohol, in addition to, other minor products. Using STH, verbenone was identified as the major biotransformed product, and minor products were myrtenol, camphor, and isopinocarveol. We did not observe any inhibitory effects of substrate or transformed products on mycelial growth of the Fungi. The activities of fungal manganese-dependent peroxidase and laccase were monitored for 15 days to determine the enzymatic pathways related to the biotransformation of (-)-α-pinene. We concluded that a complex of enzymes, including intra- and extracellular enzymes, were involved in terpenoid biotransformation by white rot Fungi.
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biological pretreatment of softwood pinus densiflora by three white rot Fungi
Journal of Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Jae Won Lee, Kiseob Gwak, Junyeong Park, Mijin Park, Donha Choi, Mi Kwon, In-gyu ChoiAbstract:The effects of biological pretreatment on the Japanese red pine Pinus densiflora, was evaluated after exposure to three white rot Fungi Ceriporia lacerata, Stereum hirsutum, and Polyporus brumalis. Change in chemical composition, structural modification, and their susceptibility to enzymatic saccharification in the degraded wood were analyzed. Of the three white rot Fungi tested, S. hirsutum selectively degraded the lignin of this sortwood rather than the holocellulose component. After eight weeks of pretreatment with S. hirsutum, total weight loss was 10.7%, while lignin loss was the highest at 14.52% among the tested samples. However, holocellulose loss was lower at 7.81% compared to those of C. lacerata and P. brumalis. Extracelluar enzymes from S. hirsutum showed higher activity of ligninase and lower activity of cellulase than those from other white rot Fungi. Thus, total weight loss and changes in chemical composition of the Japanese red pine was well correlated with the enzyme activities related with lignin- and cellulose degradation in these Fungi. Based on the data obtained from analysis of physical characterization of degraded wood by X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) and pore size distribution, S. hirsutum was considered as an effective potential fungus for biological pretreatment. In particular, the increase of available pore size of over 120 nm in pretreated wood powder with S. hirsutum made enzymes accessible for further enzymatic saccharification. When Japanese red pine chips treated with S. hirsutum were enzymatically saccharified using commercial enzymes (Cellulclast 1.5 L and Novozyme 188), sugar yield was greatly increased (21.01%) compared to non-pretreated control samples, indicating that white rot fungus S. hirsutum provides an effective process in increasing sugar yield from woody biomass.
Ryuichiro Kondo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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novel metabolic pathways of organochlorine pesticides dieldrin and aldrin by the white rot Fungi of the genus phlebia
Chemosphere, 2011Co-Authors: Pengfei Xiao, Ichiro Kamei, Kazuhiro Takagi, Hiromasa Kiyota, Toshio Mori, Ryuichiro KondoAbstract:White rot Fungi can degrade a wide spectrum of recalcitrant organic pollutants, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this experiment, 20 white rot Fungi, belonging to genus Phlebia, were investigated for their ability to degrade dieldrin. Based on the screening results, we further investigated Phlebia acanthocystis, Phlebia brevispora, and Phlebia aurea to determine their degradation capacity and metabolic products towards dieldrin and aldrin. The three Fungi were able to remove over 50% of dieldrin in a low nitrogen medium, after 42 d of incubation. Three hydroxylated products were detected as metabolites of dieldrin, suggesting that in Phlebia strains, hydroxylation reactions might play an important role in the metabolism of dieldrin. In contrast to dieldrin, aldrin exhibited higher levels of degradation activity. Over 90% of aldrin was removed after 28 d of incubation, and several new metabolites of aldrin in microorganisms, including 9-hydroxyaldrin and two carboxylic acid products, were detected in fungal cultures. These results indicate that the methylene moiety of aldrin and dieldrin molecules might be prone to enzymatic attack by white rot Fungi. In this study, we describe for the first time a new metabolic pathway of both compounds by Fungi of genus Phlebia.
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a novel metabolic pathway for biodegradation of ddt by the white rot Fungi phlebia lindtneri and phlebia brevispora
Biodegradation, 2011Co-Authors: Pengfei Xiao, Ichiro Kamei, Toshio Mori, Ryuichiro KondoAbstract:1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) was used as the substrate for a degradation experiment with the white rot Fungi Phlebia lindtneri GB-1027 and Phlebia brevispora TMIC34596, which are capable of degrading polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Pure culture of P. lindtneri and P. brevispora with DDT (25 μmol l−1) showed that 70 and 30% of DDT, respectively, disappeared in a low-nitrogen medium after a 21-day incubation period. The metabolites were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Both Fungi metabolized DDT to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD), 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid (DDA) and 4,4-dichlorobenzophenone (DBP). Additionally, DDD was converted to DDA and DBP. DDA was converted to DBP and 4,4-dichlorobenzhydrol (DBH). While DBP was treated as substrate, DBH and three hydroxylated metabolites, including one dihydroxylated DBP and two different isomers of monohydroxylated DBH, were produced from fungal cultures, and these hydroxylated metabolites were efficiently inhibited by the addition of a cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide. These results indicate that the white rot Fungi P. lindtneri and P. brevispora can degrade DBP/DBH through hydroxylation of the aromatic ring. Moreover, the single-ring aromatic metabolites, such as 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol and 4-chlorobenzoic acid, were found as metabolic products of all substrate, demonstrating that the cleavage reaction of the aliphatic-aryl carbon bond occurs in the biodegradation process of DDT by white rot Fungi.
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metabolism of organochlorine pesticide heptachlor and its metabolite heptachlor epoxide by white rot Fungi belonging to genus phlebia
Fems Microbiology Letters, 2011Co-Authors: Pengfei Xiao, Ichiro Kamei, Toshio Mori, Ryuichiro KondoAbstract:White rot Fungi of the genus Phlebia have demonstrated a high capacity to degrade organic pollutants, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. In this study, we evaluated the ability of 18 white rot Fungi species of genus Phlebia to degrade heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, and described the metabolic pathways by selected white rot Fungi. Phlebia tremellosa, Phlebia brevispora and Phlebia acanthocystis removed about 71%, 74% and 90% of heptachlor, respectively, after 14 days of incubation. A large amount of heptachlor epoxide and a small amount of 1-hydroxychlordene and 1-hydroxy-2,3-epoxychlordene were detected as metabolic products of heptachlor from most fungal cultures. The screening of heptachlor epoxide-degrading Fungi revealed that several Fungi are capable of degrading heptachlor epoxide, which is a recalcitrant metabolite of heptachlor. Phlebia acanthocystis, P. brevispora, Phlebia lindtneri and Phlebia aurea removed about 16%, 16%, 22% and 25% of heptachlor epoxide, respectively, after 14 days of incubation. Heptachlor diol and 1-hydroxy-2,3-epoxychlordene were produced in these fungal cultures as metabolites, suggesting that the hydrolysis and hydroxylation reaction occur in the epoxide ring and in position 1 of heptachlor epoxide, respectively.