The Experts below are selected from a list of 357 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mark E Courtney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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adverse childhood experiences and young adult health Outcomes among yOuth Aging Out of foster care
Academic Pediatrics, 2018Co-Authors: Rebecca Rebbe, Mark E Courtney, Paula S Nurius, Kym R AhrensAbstract:Abstract Objective Former yOuth in foster care (YFC) are at greater risk of chronic health conditions than their peers. Although research in general population samples has shown a dose–response relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adult health Outcomes, few studies have conducted similar analyses in highly stress-exposed populations such as YFC. In this study we used person-centered latent class analysis methods to examine the relationship between different profiles of ACE exposures and divergent health trajectories among this high-risk population. Methods Data are from longitudinal research that followed transition-age YFC from age 17 to 26 (N = 732). Using 3 subgroups previously identified by their ACEs histories—complex, environmental, and lower adversity groups—we applied group mean statistics to test for differences between the groups for physical and sexual health Outcomes in young adulthood. Results In contrast to previous research that showed that the environmental group was at the highest risk of criminalbehavior Outcomes, for most of the physical and sexual health risk Outcomes evaluated in this study, the complex adversity group had the highest risk. Conclusions This study shows that there are subgroups of YFC, which each have a distinct profile of risk in young adulthood, with the complex group being at highest risk of the physical and sexual health risk Outcomes evaluated. Findings strongly suggest the need for targeted strategies to promote screening for ACEs and chronic health conditions, linkage to adult health care, and continuity of care for adolescents and young adults in foster care to offset these trajectories.
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adverse childhood experiences among yOuth Aging Out of foster care a latent class analysis
Children and Youth Services Review, 2017Co-Authors: Rebecca Rebbe, Kym R Ahrens, Paula S Nurius, Mark E CourtneyAbstract:Research has demonstrated that yOuth who age Out, or emancipate, from foster care face deleterious Outcomes across a variety of domains in early adulthood. This article builds on this knowledge base by investigating the role of adverse childhood experience accumulation and composition on these Outcomes. A latent class analysis was performed to identify three subgroups: Complex Adversity, Environmental Adversity, and Lower Adversity. Differences are found amongst the classes in terms of young adult Outcomes in terms of socio-economic Outcomes, psychosocial problems, and criminal behaviors. The results indicate that not only does the accumulation of adversity matter, but so does the composition of the adversity. These results have implications for policymakers, the numerous service providers and systems that interact with foster yOuth, and for future research.
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maltreatment histories of Aging Out foster yOuth a comparison of official investigated reports and self reports of maltreatment prior to and during Out of home care
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2016Co-Authors: Judith Regina Havlicek, Mark E CourtneyAbstract:This study compared official investigated reports of child maltreatment with retrospective self-reports prior to and during Out-of-home care for a sample of foster yOuth who reached the age of majority in Out-of-home care in Illinois. Using matched administrative and self-reported data for 474 yOuth who completed a baseline interview in the Midwest Evaluation of Adult Functioning of Former Foster YOuth (i.e. the Midwest study) at ages 17-18, and 386 yOuth who completed a follow up interview at age 19, this study finds that official reports and self-reports of maltreatment prior to and during Out-of-home care differ significantly. FINDINGS from this study add insight into measurement discrepancies, and help to inform understanding of the extent of maltreatment experienced by this sub-sample of young people exiting Out-of-home care in adulthood. Study findings have implications for independent living policy and practice in child welfare. Language: en
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labeling and the effect of adolescent legal system involvement on adult Outcomes for foster yOuth Aging Out of care
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2015Co-Authors: Joann S Lee, Mark E Courtney, Tracy W Harachi, Emiko A TajimaAbstract:This study uses labeling theory to examine the role that adolescent legal system involvement may play in initiating a process of social exclusion, leading to higher levels of adult criminal activities among foster yOuth who have aged Out of care. We used data from the Midwest Evaluation of the Adult Functioning of Former Foster YOuth (Midwest Study), a prospective study that sampled 732 yOuth from Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin as they were preparing to leave the foster care system at ages 17 or 18. The yOuth were interviewed again at ages 19, 21, and 23 or 24. We used structural equation modeling to examine pathways to self-reported adult criminal behaviors from juvenile legal system involvement. The path model indicated that legal system involvement as a juvenile was associated with a lower likelihood of having a high school diploma at age 19, which was associated with a reduced likelihood of employment and increased criminal activities at age 21. Legal system involvement is more common among foster yOuth Aging Out of care, and this legal system involvement appears to contribute to a process of social exclusion by excluding former foster yOuth from conventional opportunities.
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homelessness during the transition from foster care to adulthood
American Journal of Public Health, 2013Co-Authors: Amy Dworsky, Laura Napolitano, Mark E CourtneyAbstract:Objectives. We estimated the incidence of homelessness during the transition to adulthood and identified the risk and protective factors that predict homelessness during this transition.Methods. Using data from the Midwest Evaluation of the Adult Functioning of Former Foster YOuth, a longitudinal study of yOuths Aging Out of foster care in 3 Midwestern states, and a bounds approach, we estimated the cumulative percentage of yOuths who become homeless during the transition to adulthood. We also estimated a discrete time hazard model that predicted first reported episode of homelessness.Results. YOuths Aging Out of foster care are at high risk for becoming homeless during the transition to adulthood. Between 31% and 46% of our study participants had been homeless at least once by age 26 years. Running away while in foster care, greater placement instability, being male, having a history of physical abuse, engAging in more delinquent behaviors, and having symptoms of a mental health disorder were associated ...
Amy Dworsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the family unification program a housing resource for yOuth Aging Out of foster care
Social Science Research Network, 2014Co-Authors: Robin Dion, Amy Dworsky, Jackie Kauff, Rebecca KleinmanAbstract:When yOuth in foster care reach age 18 (age 21 in some states) and leave the child welfare system withOut having achieved permanency through reunification, adoption, or legal guardianship, they must abruptly transition to living independently. Unlike their peers, these yOuth typically must make the transition withOut financial or other support from parents. As a result, many who age Out of foster care find themselves homeless or precariously housed.
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Housing for YOuth Aging Out of Foster Care
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Amy Dworsky, Keri-nicole Dillman, M. Robin Dion, Brandon Coffee-borden, Miriam RosenauAbstract:For many young people who age Out of foster care, the transition to adulthood and economic self-sufficiency can be abrupt. At age 18 or 21, these young adults — who numbered fewer than 28,000 in 2010 — must find and secure suitable housing and, in most cases, do so with little or no support from either their family or the state. As a result, many yOuth who age Out of foster care find themselves homeless or precariously housed.
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housing for yOuth Aging Out of foster care
Mathematica Policy Research Reports, 2014Co-Authors: Robin Dion, Amy Dworsky, Jackie Kauff, Rebecca KleinmanAbstract:This study sought to address knowledge gaps related to the housing options available to former foster yOuth and to provide policymakers with recommendations for future research and policy improvements.
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homelessness during the transition from foster care to adulthood
American Journal of Public Health, 2013Co-Authors: Amy Dworsky, Laura Napolitano, Mark E CourtneyAbstract:Objectives. We estimated the incidence of homelessness during the transition to adulthood and identified the risk and protective factors that predict homelessness during this transition.Methods. Using data from the Midwest Evaluation of the Adult Functioning of Former Foster YOuth, a longitudinal study of yOuths Aging Out of foster care in 3 Midwestern states, and a bounds approach, we estimated the cumulative percentage of yOuths who become homeless during the transition to adulthood. We also estimated a discrete time hazard model that predicted first reported episode of homelessness.Results. YOuths Aging Out of foster care are at high risk for becoming homeless during the transition to adulthood. Between 31% and 46% of our study participants had been homeless at least once by age 26 years. Running away while in foster care, greater placement instability, being male, having a history of physical abuse, engAging in more delinquent behaviors, and having symptoms of a mental health disorder were associated ...
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health insurance coverage and use of family planning services among current and former foster yOuth implications of the health care reform law
Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law, 2013Co-Authors: Amy Dworsky, Kym R Ahrens, Mark E CourtneyAbstract:: This research uses data from a longitudinal study to examine how two provisions in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act could affect health insurance coverage among young women who have aged Out of foster care. It also explores how allowing young people to remain in foster care until age twenty-one affects their health insurance coverage, use of family planning services, and information abOut birth control. We find that young women are more likely to have health insurance if they remain in foster care until their twenty-first birthday and that having health insurance is associated with an increase in the likelihood of receiving family planning services. Our results also suggest that many young women who would otherwise lack health insurance after Aging Out of foster care will be eligible for Medicaid under the health care reform law. Because having health insurance is associated with use of family planning services, this increase in Medicaid eligibility may result in fewer unintended pregnancies among this high-risk population.
Kym R Ahrens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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adverse childhood experiences and young adult health Outcomes among yOuth Aging Out of foster care
Academic Pediatrics, 2018Co-Authors: Rebecca Rebbe, Mark E Courtney, Paula S Nurius, Kym R AhrensAbstract:Abstract Objective Former yOuth in foster care (YFC) are at greater risk of chronic health conditions than their peers. Although research in general population samples has shown a dose–response relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adult health Outcomes, few studies have conducted similar analyses in highly stress-exposed populations such as YFC. In this study we used person-centered latent class analysis methods to examine the relationship between different profiles of ACE exposures and divergent health trajectories among this high-risk population. Methods Data are from longitudinal research that followed transition-age YFC from age 17 to 26 (N = 732). Using 3 subgroups previously identified by their ACEs histories—complex, environmental, and lower adversity groups—we applied group mean statistics to test for differences between the groups for physical and sexual health Outcomes in young adulthood. Results In contrast to previous research that showed that the environmental group was at the highest risk of criminalbehavior Outcomes, for most of the physical and sexual health risk Outcomes evaluated in this study, the complex adversity group had the highest risk. Conclusions This study shows that there are subgroups of YFC, which each have a distinct profile of risk in young adulthood, with the complex group being at highest risk of the physical and sexual health risk Outcomes evaluated. Findings strongly suggest the need for targeted strategies to promote screening for ACEs and chronic health conditions, linkage to adult health care, and continuity of care for adolescents and young adults in foster care to offset these trajectories.
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adverse childhood experiences among yOuth Aging Out of foster care a latent class analysis
Children and Youth Services Review, 2017Co-Authors: Rebecca Rebbe, Kym R Ahrens, Paula S Nurius, Mark E CourtneyAbstract:Research has demonstrated that yOuth who age Out, or emancipate, from foster care face deleterious Outcomes across a variety of domains in early adulthood. This article builds on this knowledge base by investigating the role of adverse childhood experience accumulation and composition on these Outcomes. A latent class analysis was performed to identify three subgroups: Complex Adversity, Environmental Adversity, and Lower Adversity. Differences are found amongst the classes in terms of young adult Outcomes in terms of socio-economic Outcomes, psychosocial problems, and criminal behaviors. The results indicate that not only does the accumulation of adversity matter, but so does the composition of the adversity. These results have implications for policymakers, the numerous service providers and systems that interact with foster yOuth, and for future research.
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health insurance coverage and use of family planning services among current and former foster yOuth implications of the health care reform law
Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law, 2013Co-Authors: Amy Dworsky, Kym R Ahrens, Mark E CourtneyAbstract:: This research uses data from a longitudinal study to examine how two provisions in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act could affect health insurance coverage among young women who have aged Out of foster care. It also explores how allowing young people to remain in foster care until age twenty-one affects their health insurance coverage, use of family planning services, and information abOut birth control. We find that young women are more likely to have health insurance if they remain in foster care until their twenty-first birthday and that having health insurance is associated with an increase in the likelihood of receiving family planning services. Our results also suggest that many young women who would otherwise lack health insurance after Aging Out of foster care will be eligible for Medicaid under the health care reform law. Because having health insurance is associated with use of family planning services, this increase in Medicaid eligibility may result in fewer unintended pregnancies among this high-risk population.
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association between childhood sexual abuse and transactional sex in yOuth Aging Out of foster care
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2012Co-Authors: Kym R Ahrens, Wayne Katon, Carolyn A Mccarty, Laura P Richardson, Mark E CourtneyAbstract:Abstract Purpose To evaluate the association between history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and having transactional sex among adolescents who have been in foster care. Methods We used an existing dataset of yOuth transitioning Out of foster care. Independent CSA variables included self report of history of sexual molestation and rape when participants were, on average, 17 years of age. Our Outcome variables were self-report of having transactional sex ever and in the past year, when participants were an average age of 19 years. Separate multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations between CSA variables and transactional sex variables. Initial analyses were performed on both genders; exploratory analyses were then performed evaluating each gender separately. Total N = 732; 574 were included in the main analyses. Results History of sexual molestation was significantly associated with increased odds of having transactional sex, both ever and in the past year (OR [95% CI]: 3.21 [1.26–8.18] and 4.07 [1.33, 12.52], respectively). History of rape was also significantly associated with increased odds of having had transactional sex ever and in the past year (ORs [95% CI]: 3.62 [1.38–9.52] and 3.78 [1.19, 12.01], respectively). Odds ratios in female-only analyses remained significant and were larger in magnitude compared with the main, non-stratified analyses; odds ratios in male-only analyses were non-significant and smaller in magnitude when compared with the main analyses. Conclusions Both CSA variables were associated with increased likelihood of transactional sex. This association appears to vary by gender. Our results suggest that policymakers for yOuth in foster care should consider the unique needs of young women with histories of CSA when developing programs to support healthy relationships. Health care providers should also consider adapting screening and counseling practices to reflect the increased risk of transactional sex for female yOuth in foster care with a history of CSA.
Miriam Rosenau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Housing for YOuth Aging Out of Foster Care
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Amy Dworsky, Keri-nicole Dillman, M. Robin Dion, Brandon Coffee-borden, Miriam RosenauAbstract:For many young people who age Out of foster care, the transition to adulthood and economic self-sufficiency can be abrupt. At age 18 or 21, these young adults — who numbered fewer than 28,000 in 2010 — must find and secure suitable housing and, in most cases, do so with little or no support from either their family or the state. As a result, many yOuth who age Out of foster care find themselves homeless or precariously housed.
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housing for yOuth Aging Out of foster care a review of the literature and program typology
Research Papers in Economics, 2012Co-Authors: Amy Dworsky, Keri-nicole Dillman, Robin M Dion, Brandon Coffeeborden, Miriam RosenauAbstract:Mathematica Policy Research conducted a multiyear study of housing options available to yOuth as they transition Out of foster care, the various funding sources available to meet their housing needs, and notable program models that are being implemented in communities across the country.
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housing for yOuth Aging Out of foster care a review of the literature and program typology
Social Science Research Network, 2012Co-Authors: Amy Dworsky, Keri-nicole Dillman, Robin M Dion, Brandon Coffeeborden, Miriam RosenauAbstract:Most young people in the United States are experiencing an increasingly prolonged transition to adulthood. It is no longer assumed that they will automatically become self-sufficient adults on their 18th or even 21st birthdays (Arnett 2000; Wight, Xhau, Aratani, Schwarz, and Thampi 2010; Setterstein and Ray 2010). Rather, young people are gradually taking on the roles and responsibilities traditionally associated with adulthood while they acquire the education and work experience needed to become economically independent (Berlin, Furstenberg, and Waters 2010).In this document, we summarize what is known abOut the housing needs and Outcomes common to young people who age Out of foster care. We explore the current landscape of programs and resources available to assist such young adults with housing. In the first section, we review the literature on the characteristics of the young people, their risk of homelessness, and the barriers they face in securing stable housing, along with relevant federal and, to a lesser extent, state policies. In the second section, we describe a wide range of housing programs for young people Aging Out of foster care, present a program typology, and conclude with the identification of a small group of innovative housing programs that may warrant closer exploration.
Tal Gross - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Effect of Health Insurance Coverage on the Use of Medical Services
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2012Co-Authors: Michael L Anderson, Carlos Dobkin, Tal GrossAbstract:Author(s): Anderson, M; Dobkin, C; Gross, T | Abstract: Substantial uncertainty exists regarding the causal effect of health insurance on the utilization of care. We exploit a sharp change in insurance coverage rates that results from young adults "Aging Out" of their parents' insurance plans to estimate the effect of insurance coverage on the utilization of emergency department (ED) and inpatient services. Aging Out results in an abrupt 5 to 8 percentage point reduction in the probability of having health insurance. We find that uninsured status leads to a 40 percent reduction in ED visits and a 61 percent reduction in inpatient hospital admissions.
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the effect of health insurance coverage on the use of medical services
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010Co-Authors: Michael L Anderson, Carlos Dobkin, Tal GrossAbstract:Substantial uncertainty exists regarding the causal effect of health insurance on the utilization of care. Most studies cannot determine whether the large differences in healthcare utilization between the insured and the uninsured are due to insurance status or to other unobserved differences between the two groups. In this paper, we exploit a sharp change in insurance coverage rates that results from young adults "Aging Out" of their parents' insurance plans to estimate the effect of insurance coverage on the utilization of emergency department (ED) and inpatient services. Using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and a census of emergency department records and hospital discharge records from seven states, we find that Aging Out results in an abrupt 5 to 8 percentage point reduction in the probability of having health insurance. We find that not having insurance leads to a 40 percent reduction in ED visits and a 61 percent reduction in inpatient hospital admissions. The drop in ED visits and inpatient admissions is due entirely to reductions in the care provided by privately owned hospitals, with particularly large reductions at for profit hospitals. The results imply that expanding health insurance coverage would result in a substantial increase in care provided to currently uninsured individuals.