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Gervasio Castro De Rezende - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • agricultural growth and Agrarian Structure in the brazilian cerrado the role of land prices natural resources and technology
    Revista de Economia e Agronegócio Brazilian Review of Economics and Agribusiness, 2015
    Co-Authors: Gervasio Castro De Rezende
    Abstract:

    This paper argues that the rapid agricultural expansion of the cerrado regions in Brazil is due to the low price of land in these regions, as compared with the other agricultural regions of Brazil and abroad. This low price of land is, in turn, attributed not only to the greater distance of these regions from the main markets, but also to the limitations of natural resources (the extremely harsh drought period, which limits agricultural activities to grains and livestock) and, above all, to technological innovations that “produced” an abundance of land of good quality. In order to show more clearly how this process has taken place, the paper develops a model of the land market that allows for “production of land,” and derives the implications of such a model for production functions and total factor productivity (TFP) analyses.

  • labor and land tenure policies and their adverse effects on agricultural employment Agrarian Structure and territorial rural development in brazil
    Social Science Research Network, 2005
    Co-Authors: Gervasio Castro De Rezende
    Abstract:

    This paper discusses the question of the concentrated pattern of agricultural development in Brazil, as expressed in the predominance of large-scale production, high level of mechanization and low absorption of non-qualified labor. It is proposed, initially, the existence of two conflicting explanations for this fact: the first, that blames our historical heritage, characterized by the predominance of the latifundio, with the implication that the solution requires a radical Agrarian reform; and the second, that sees in these concentrated pattern of agricultural growth in Brazil a technological determinism, with the implication that lesser concentration in agriculture would imply a loss in economic efficiency. Diverging radically from these two lines of arguments, this paper attributes to the agricultural labor and to the land policies that were instituted in the decade of 1960, and to the agricultural credit policy, instituted by the same time, the major responsibility for this problem. As argued in the paper, these policies turned unviable in Brazil not only the agricultural temporary labor market, but also family farm, at the same time that stimulated agricultural mechanization and the predominance of large-scale production. The paper points out, also, that an additional by-product of this concentrated pattern of agricultural growth was an increase in rural exodus and a lower level of territorial rural development, a theme so stressed nowadays. The paper ends up proposing, in a manner consistent with the analysis presented, that the only way to initiate the de-concentration of our agricultural growth and to create the pre-conditions for territorial rural development would be through a radical de-regulation both of agricultural labor and land markets, instituting in Brazil, at last, free contracting, the most basic capitalistic institution.

  • agricultural growth and Agrarian Structure in the brazilian cerrado the role of land prices natural resources and technology
    Social Science Research Network, 2003
    Co-Authors: Gervasio Castro De Rezende
    Abstract:

    This paper proposes that the rapid agricultural expansion of the cerrado regions, which has been limited to grains and livestock, is due to the low price of land in these regions as compared with the other agricultural regions of Brazil and abroad. This low price of land, in its turn, is attributed not only to the greater distance of these regions from the main markets, but, also, to the limitations of natural resources (the extremely harsh drought period, which limits the agricultural activities to grains and livestock) and, above all, to the technological innovations that created an abundance of land of good quality through its "production" from lower-quality lands. In order to show more clearly how this process has taken place, the paper develops a model of land market with "production of land", specially designed for the analysis of the cerrado. The paper proposes also a contrast with the theories of technical progress of Hayami and Ruttan and of Hicks, concluding that they are not adequate to the analysis of the phenomenon. It is also attempted to derive implications for the analyses of production functions and total factors productivity (TFP). Finally, the paper also seeks to explain why the Agrarian Structure of the cerrado is so concentrated and, in particular, why family farming is lesser important in the cerrado. The paper emphasizes, in this discussion, the low price of land and the peculiar characteristics of the natural resources and the technology, rather than the role of public policies. In its conclusions, the paper derives some implications for the environmental as well as the Agrarian reform policies, and criticizes the existing econometric analyses of land prices in Brazil.

Van Ausdal Shawn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Potreros, cultivos e desigualdad : Cuestionar la relación inversa entre el tamaño y la productividad de fincas en Colombia
    'Universidad Nacional de La Plata', 2020
    Co-Authors: Van Ausdal Shawn
    Abstract:

    El campo colombiano ha estado dominado históricamente por potreros y marcado por un profunda desigualdad. Dado que la agricultura es más productiva que la ganadería y que las fincas pequeñas suelen producir más por área que las grandes, tanto el predominio del pasto como la estructura agraria parecerían ser irracionales en términos económicos. Las explicaciones tradicionales de esta situación se enfocan en la coerción extraeconómica y en la búsqueda del estatus por medio de la posesión de tierras. Este artículo enfatiza la rentabilidad relativa de la ganadería y las limitaciones de la agricultura campesina, que generaron capacidades muy disímiles de acumulación en estos dos sectores. Así, propone que el mercado de tierras y las ventajas productivas del ganado ofrecen una explicación alternativa al predominio de pasto y ganado.The Colombian countryside has long been dominated by grass and inequality. Economic theory (i.e., the inverse relationship between farm size and productivity) holds that the monopolization of land by ranchers is irrational since farming is more productive than ranching and small farms often produce more per area than large ones. Traditional explanations for the predominance of grass and the country's Agrarian Structure focus on extra-economic coercion and the status associated with owning land and cattle. By contrast, this study explores the relative profitability of ranching and the limitations of peasant agriculture, which generated contrasting capacities to accumulate. It thus suggests that land markets, and the productive advantages of cattle, offer an alternative explanation

  • Potreros, cultivos e desigualdad. Cuestionar la relación inversa entre el tamaño y la productividad de fincas en Colombia
    2020
    Co-Authors: Van Ausdal Shawn
    Abstract:

    The Colombian countryside has long been dominated by grass and inequality. Economic theory (i.e., the inverse relationship between farm size and productivity) holds that the monopolization of land by ranchers is irrational since farming is more productive than ranching and small farms often produce more per area than large ones. Traditional explanations for the predominance of grass and the country’s Agrarian Structure focus on extra-economic coercion and the status associated with owning land and cattle. By contrast, this study explores the relative profitability of ranching and the limitations of peasant agriculture, which generated contrasting capacities to accumulate. It thus suggests that land markets, and the productive advantages of cattle, offer an alternative explanation.El campo colombiano ha estado dominado históricamente por potreros y marcado por una profunda desigualdad. Dado que la agricultura es más productiva que la ganadería y que las fincas pequeñas suelen producir más por área que las grandes, tanto el predominio del pasto como la estructura agraria parecerían ser irracionales en términos económicos. Las explicaciones tradicionales de esta situación se enfocan en la coerción extraeconómica y en la búsqueda del estatus por medio de la posesión de tierras. Este artículo enfatiza la rentabilidad relativa de la ganadería y las limitaciones de la agricultura campesina, que generaron capacidades muy disímiles de acumulación en estos dos sectores. Así, propone que el mercado de tierras y las ventajas productivas del ganado ofrecen una explicación alternativa al predominio de pasto y ganado.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Abir Hassan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • impact of globalization on Agrarian Structure of bangladesh
    Social Science Research Network, 2013
    Co-Authors: Abir Hassan
    Abstract:

    The Bangladeshi economy is passing through a difficult phase caused by several unfavourable domestic and external developments; Domestic output and Demand conditions were adversely affected by poor performance in agriculture in the past two years. Viewed in terms of pure domestic economy, the input subsidies have often been accused of causing most harmful effect in terms of reduced public investment in agriculture on account of the erosion of investible resources, and wasteful use of scarce resources like water and power.

Ramona Franic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • developing Agrarian Structure through the disposal of state owned agricultural land in croatia
    132nd EAAE seminar "Is transition in European agriculture really over?", 2012
    Co-Authors: Kristina Svržnjak, Ramona Franic
    Abstract:

    During the pre-accession period, Croatia, as well as other countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) underwent the transition from planned to market economy, in order to create a new agricultural stricture based on private ownership and market oriented economy. With pre-existing problems, it also faces the consequences of historical heritage where large state and cooperative farms mainly consisted of privately owned land. Therefore, the land, which was once taken from its owners, had to be returned. Most countries of Central and Eastern Europe opted for selling the state-owned agricultural land and returning the cooperative agricultural land to its rightful owners, thus enabling farmers to expand their production capacity and strengthen their businesses. The papers analyzes the disposal of state-owned agricultural land in the Republic of Croatia in comparison with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe that went through similar Agrarian reforms, based on the data provided by the Croatian Ministry of Agriculture and experiences of the CEE countries (Swinnen, 1997, Giovarelli, Bledsoe, 2001). There are 890, 214 ha of state-owned agricultural land in Croatia so the disposal of state-owned agricultural land must start with direct consolidation of farms, that is, of increasing their current average size of 5.9 ha. Since Croatia's independence in 1991, all formerly socially-owned agricultural land has become state-owned. The disposal of state-owned agricultural land is regulated by the Law on Agricultural Land, which has been amended several times since 1991 because its implementation showed considerable faults and impediments which delayed the disposal of farmland. Since 2002 the process of disposing and privatizing state-owned agricultural land has been decentralized because it is implemented on the local level in accordance with Programs for the disposal of state-owned agricultural land, approved by the Ministry of Agriculture. According to the Programs, 60.8% of state-owned agricultural land is available for disposing or, more precisely, 540, 973.31 ha of land. Although the Programs plan for the majority of the land to be sold (42%), unresolved property and legal issues resulting from double land records, which are run separately and uncoordinatedly, prevent the sales. Until the geodetic survey is performed and until the land property and legal issues are resolved, which is a long-term and expensive process, the land set for sales is temporarily leased, just as it was the case in other countries of CEE. In the Check Republic 25% of the state-owned agricultural land was disposed that way, in Slovakia 15%, in Poland 19% and Eastern Germany 7%. Due to the above mentioned reasons, Croatia has not managed to accomplish the goals set by Programs and only 20.6% of the state-owned agricultural land is offered for disposal by public tenders (sales, lease, concession, return and other purposes) which means that 706, 480.30 ha is still available. If we assume that the mentioned area is leased at the average price of 568, 80 HRK based on the Regulations on the initial price (Official Gazette 40/2009), it is easy to calculate the financial loss of not disposing the agricultural land of 401.845, 994.64 HRK and unused financial means for the programs of consolidating agricultural farms. The reasons for new and fundamental changes of the Croatian Law on Agricultural Land emerged in 2008 because it had become obvious that the prescribed forms of disposing state-owned land were administratively long-term and complicated even though the local municipalities had the authority to dispose of the state-owned land. Moreover, data from cadastre, land registry and the situation in the field was still not integrated, which in turn disenabled the sales leaving the issue of unused agricultural land. It was therefore decided to establish a state Agency for Agricultural Land which took over the land disposal affairs from the local municipalities which had not done the Program of disposing the agricultural land. However, although the Agency has been established, it has no influence, and this is the case with other countries of the CEE, where “land funds” have been formally established, or the so called state land reserves for the purpose of land consolidation (Slovenia, Check Republic, Slovakia, Poland). The Law on Agricultural Land from 2008 clearly defines the preemptive right of sale and lease, directed primarily at family farm owners, employed at their own farms and legal entities registered for doing agricultural activities and registered in the Farm Registry. The data shows that from 2003 until 2008 the area of used agricultural land in Croatia increased by 29%, and average size of agricultural farms by 9.5% which was greatly influenced by legal measures of state-owned agricultural land disposal. Considering the fact that there is still 79.4% of state-owned agricultural land available for disposal, the future holds further positive effects of implementing analyzed consolidation measures for the purpose of changing Agrarian Structure.

  • developing Agrarian Structure through the disposal of state owned agricultural land in croatia
    Research Papers in Economics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kristina Svržnjak, Ramona Franic
    Abstract:

    The paper analyzes the disposal of state-owned agricultural land in the Republic of Croatia in comparison with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) that went through similar Agrarian reforms. There are 890,214 ha of state-owned agricultural land in Croatia. The data shows that Croatia has not managed to accomplish the goals set by Programs for the disposal of state-owned agricultural land and only 20.6% of the state-owned agricultural land is offered for disposal by public tenders (sales, lease, concession, return and other purposes), similar to CEE. Therefore, the disposal of stateowned agricultural land is primarily important for the consolidation of farms and increasing their current average size.

Sergio Pereira Leite - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Agrarian Structure foreign investment in land and land prices in brazil
    The Journal of Peasant Studies, 2012
    Co-Authors: Sergio Sauer, Sergio Pereira Leite
    Abstract:

    The recent global rush for farmland in Latin America has produced a dramatic increase in the level of foreign investment in land in Brazil. The current trend accentuates the ongoing process of foreignization of agriculture associated with the production of grains, sugar, ethanol and other commodities, increasing land prices. In response, the Brazilian government reestablished a legal mechanism for ‘controlling’ land-based foreign investment which has proven neither efficient nor effective in solving land concentration. This paper examines this issue by analyzing the causes of the increase in investment as well as the consequences of this process with respect to land prices, critically situating land-based investments and the government's policy response in a broader discussion of the demands of Agrarian social movements.