Agroecological Zones

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K. V. S. Badarinath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • soil surface nitrogen losses from agriculture in india a regional inventory within Agroecological Zones 2000 2001
    International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Krishna V Prasad, K. V. S. Badarinath
    Abstract:

    We present soil surface nitrogen (N) budgets for the agricultural sector of India, calculated as inputs minus outputs over 21 Agroecological Zones (AEZ), for 2000–2001. Nearly 35.4 Tg N was input from different sources, with output from harvested crops of about 21.2 Tg N. Soil surface N balance for agricultural lands showed a surplus of about 14.4 Tg. Livestock manure constituted 44% of total inputs, followed by 32.5% from inorganic fertilizer, 11.9% from atmospheric deposition and 11.6% from N fixation. Though the N balance was negative in some states, due to aggregation of states in Agroecological regions, all regions showed surplus N loads, with a range of about 19–110 kg/ha. The lowest loads were found for AEZ 17 in the Eastern Himalaya, with 19 kg/ha surplus, and the highest surplus N load in AEZ 7 with 111 kg/ha in Deccan plateau and the Eastern Ghats. Temporal trends in fertilizer consumption from 1950–2000 for India suggested a massive increase of ∼47-fold, whereas production of major crops, rice,...

  • Soil surface nitrogen losses from agriculture in India: A regional inventory within Agroecological Zones (2000–2001)
    International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 2006
    Co-Authors: V. Krishna Prasad, K. V. S. Badarinath
    Abstract:

    We present soil surface nitrogen (N) budgets for the agricultural sector of India, calculated as inputs minus outputs over 21 Agroecological Zones (AEZ), for 2000–2001. Nearly 35.4 Tg N was input from different sources, with output from harvested crops of about 21.2 Tg N. Soil surface N balance for agricultural lands showed a surplus of about 14.4 Tg. Livestock manure constituted 44% of total inputs, followed by 32.5% from inorganic fertilizer, 11.9% from atmospheric deposition and 11.6% from N fixation. Though the N balance was negative in some states, due to aggregation of states in Agroecological regions, all regions showed surplus N loads, with a range of about 19–110 kg/ha. The lowest loads were found for AEZ 17 in the Eastern Himalaya, with 19 kg/ha surplus, and the highest surplus N load in AEZ 7 with 111 kg/ha in Deccan plateau and the Eastern Ghats. Temporal trends in fertilizer consumption from 1950–2000 for India suggested a massive increase of ∼47-fold, whereas production of major crops, rice,...

Krishna V Prasad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • soil surface nitrogen losses from agriculture in india a regional inventory within Agroecological Zones 2000 2001
    International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Krishna V Prasad, K. V. S. Badarinath
    Abstract:

    We present soil surface nitrogen (N) budgets for the agricultural sector of India, calculated as inputs minus outputs over 21 Agroecological Zones (AEZ), for 2000–2001. Nearly 35.4 Tg N was input from different sources, with output from harvested crops of about 21.2 Tg N. Soil surface N balance for agricultural lands showed a surplus of about 14.4 Tg. Livestock manure constituted 44% of total inputs, followed by 32.5% from inorganic fertilizer, 11.9% from atmospheric deposition and 11.6% from N fixation. Though the N balance was negative in some states, due to aggregation of states in Agroecological regions, all regions showed surplus N loads, with a range of about 19–110 kg/ha. The lowest loads were found for AEZ 17 in the Eastern Himalaya, with 19 kg/ha surplus, and the highest surplus N load in AEZ 7 with 111 kg/ha in Deccan plateau and the Eastern Ghats. Temporal trends in fertilizer consumption from 1950–2000 for India suggested a massive increase of ∼47-fold, whereas production of major crops, rice,...

Amadou Toure - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fallow residue management effects on upland rice in three Agroecological Zones of West Africa.
    Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2000
    Co-Authors: René K. Akanvou, Mathias Becker, Moussa Chano, D. E. Johnson, Henri Gbaka-tcheche, Amadou Toure
    Abstract:

    Improving fallow quality in upland rice-fallow rotations in West Africa through the site-specific use of leguminous cover crops has been shown to sustain the productivity of such systems. We studied the effects of a range of residue management practices (removal, burning, mulching and incorporation) on fallow biomass and N accumulation, on weed biomass and yield response of upland rice and on changes in soil physical and chemical characteristics in 2-year field trials conducted in three Agroecological Zones of Cote d'Ivoire. Across fallow management treatments and Agroecological Zones, rice yields were on average 20–30% higher in legume than in natural fallow plots. Weed biomass was highest in the savanna zone and lowest in the bimodal forest and tended to be less following a legume fallow. Regardless of the type of fallow vegetation and Agroecological zone, biomass removal resulted in the lowest rice yields that varied from 0.5 t ha–1 in the derived savanna zone to 1.5 t ha–1 in the Guinea savanna zone. Burning of the fallow vegetation significantly increased yield over residue removal in the derived savanna (0.27 t ha–1, P

  • fallow residue management effects on upland rice in three Agroecological Zones of west africa
    Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2000
    Co-Authors: René K. Akanvou, Mathias Becker, Moussa Chano, D. E. Johnson, Henri Gbakatcheche, Amadou Toure
    Abstract:

    Improving fallow quality in upland rice-fallow rotations in West Africa through the site-specific use of leguminous cover crops has been shown to sustain the productivity of such systems. We studied the effects of a range of residue management practices (removal, burning, mulching and incorporation) on fallow biomass and N accumulation, on weed biomass and yield response of upland rice and on changes in soil physical and chemical characteristics in 2-year field trials conducted in three Agroecological Zones of Cote d'Ivoire. Across fallow management treatments and Agroecological Zones, rice yields were on average 20–30% higher in legume than in natural fallow plots. Weed biomass was highest in the savanna zone and lowest in the bimodal forest and tended to be less following a legume fallow. Regardless of the type of fallow vegetation and Agroecological zone, biomass removal resulted in the lowest rice yields that varied from 0.5 t ha–1 in the derived savanna zone to 1.5 t ha–1 in the Guinea savanna zone. Burning of the fallow vegetation significantly increased yield over residue removal in the derived savanna (0.27 t ha–1, P<0.05) and bimodal forest Zones (0.27 t ha–1, P<0.01), but not in the Guinea savanna. In both savanna environments, residue incorporation was superior to the farmers' practice of residue removal and rice yield increases were related to amounts of fallow N returned to the soil (r2=0.803, P<0.01). In the forest zone, the farmers' practice of residue burning produced the highest yield (1.43 t ha-1 in the case of legumes) and resulted in the lowest weed biomass (0.02 t ha–1). Regardless of the site, improving the quality of the fallow or of its management had no significant effects on either soil physical or soil chemical characteristics after two fallow cycles. We conclude that incorporation of legume residues is a desirable practice for rice-based fallow rotation systems in savanna environments. No promising residue management alternatives to slash-and-burn were apparent for the forest zone. Determining the possible effects on soil productivity will require longer-term experiments.

Naresh Magan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins associated with stored maize from different regions of Lesotho
    Mycotoxin Research, 2013
    Co-Authors: Sejakhosi Mohale, Angel Medina, Alicia Rodríguez, Michael Sulyok, Naresh Magan
    Abstract:

    Samples of stored maize from villages located in five different Agroecological Zones (southern lowlands, northern lowlands, Senqu river valley, foothills and mountains) of Lesotho were collected in 2009/10 and 2010/11 and assessed for contamination with toxigenic fungi. The water activity of all samples collected during the two seasons was  0.05). Fusarium verticillioides, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans predominated in different regions in both seasons based on molecular analyses. In the 2009/10 season, the isolates of these species all produced FB_1, while in the 2010/11 season, very few produced FB_1. A. flavus isolates (2009/10) were recovered from mountains and Senqu river valley samples while the 2010/11 isolates were predominantly from the foothills and northern lowlands. The mountain isolates of Aspergillus section Flavi produced the highest levels of AFB_1 (20 mg kg^−1). Aspergillus parasiticus was only isolated from the foothills, Senqu river valley and southern lowlands samples, and the AFB_1 levels produced ranged from ‘none detected’ to 3.5 mg kg^−1. The Aspergillus ochraceous isolates were least frequently encountered in both seasons. In the 2009/10 season, the isolates from the northern lowlands produced ochratoxin A (OTA) in culture. No isolates of A. niger from different regions in both seasons produced any OTA. Multi-mycotoxin analyses of the maize samples were done for a range of mycotoxins. At least one sample from each region in both seasons was FB_1-positive. FB_1 levels for 2010/11 samples (7–936 μg kg^−1) were higher than in the 2009/10 season (2–3 μg kg^−1). In both seasons, the mountains registered the highest levels of FB_1. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was recovered from all the samples analysed, with the highest mean contamination of 1,469 μg kg^−1 in samples from the northern lowlands. Moniliformin (MON) was detected from all Agroecological Zones in the two seasons (5–320 μg kg^−1 in 2009/10; 15–1,205 μg kg^−1 in 2010/11). Emerging toxins such as fusaproliferin (FUS) and beauvericin (BEA) were also detected. OTA was not detected in any of the samples analysed. Only one 2009/10 sample in the Senqu river valley was positive for AFB_1. This is the first report on toxigenic fungi and multi-mycotoxin contamination of maize samples from subsistence farmers’ stores in different Agroecological Zones of Lesotho.

  • The Effect of Substrate, Season, and Agroecological Zone on Mycoflora and Aflatoxin Contamination of Poultry Feed from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
    Mycopathologia, 2012
    Co-Authors: Sahib Alam, Hamid Ullah Shah, Habibullah Khan, Naresh Magan
    Abstract:

    To study the effects of and interactions among feed types, seasons, and Agroecological Zones on the total fungal viable count and aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1), and G2 (AFG2) production in poultry feed, an experiment was conducted using three-factorial design. A total of 216 samples of poultry feed ingredients, viz. maize, wheat, rice, cotton seed meal (CSM), and finished products, that is, starter and finisher broilers’ rations, were collected from Peshawar, Swat, and D. I. Khan districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, during the winter, spring, summer, and autumn seasons of the year 2007/2008. Analysis of variance showed that there was a complex interaction among all these factors and that this influenced the total fungal viable count and relative concentrations of the aflatoxins produced. Minimum total culturable fungi (6.43 × 10^3 CFUs/g) were counted in CSM from D. I. Khan region in winter season while maximum (26.68 × 10^3 CFUs/g) in starter ration from Peshawar region in summer. Maximum concentrations of AFB1 (191.65 ng/g), AFB2 (86.85 ng/g), and AFG2 (89.90 ng/g) were examined during the summer season whereas the concentration of AFG1 was maximum (167.82 ng/g) in autumn in finisher ration from Peshawar region. Minimum aflatoxins were produced in the winter season across all the three Agroecological Zones.

So Akparobi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Screening cassava genotypes in two Agroecological Zones of Nigeria using tuberous root poundability
    Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science, 2009
    Co-Authors: So Akparobi
    Abstract:

    Twelve cassava genotypes were evaluated in two Agroecological Zones (Ibadan: 25 ± 5 oC and Jos: 14 ± 5 oC) to determine the tuberous root poundability at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after planting (MAP). The results showed that there were no significant differences (P

  • screening cassava genotypes in two Agroecological Zones of nigeria using tuberous root poundability
    Ghana journal of agricultural science, 2009
    Co-Authors: So Akparobi
    Abstract:

    Twelve cassava genotypes were evaluated in two Agroecological Zones (Ibadan: 25 ± 5 oC and Jos: 14 ± 5 oC) to determine the tuberous root poundability at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after planting (MAP). The results showed that there were no significant differences (P<0.05) in tuberous root poundability between the two locations and years throughout the sampling periods. Also, genotypic differences (P<0.05) were not observed among the cassava genotypes for tuberous root poundability either across or within locations. Isunikankiyan, TME I, TMS 50395 and TMS 30572 produced the lowest values for tuberous root poundability of 1.2, 1.3, 1.2 and 1.4 for 3, 6, 9 and 12 MAP, respectively. Genotypic differences (P<0.05) were observed among the tested genotypes for total dry tuberous root yield per hectare. The highest tuberous root yields per hectare were produced by TMS 30572, TMS 50395, TMS 91934 and TME 1. The results of this study suggest that TME 1, TMS 50395 and TMS 30572 were poundable and also had high tuberous dry root matter. It is recommended that these varieties be made available for farmers in farm testing and also be used for further breeding programmes for incorporation of the poundability characteristics.

  • Evaluation of twelve cassava genotypes in derived guinea savanna Agroecological Zones of Nigeria
    Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology, 2007
    Co-Authors: So Akparobi, Pg Eruotor, Mo Agbogidi
    Abstract:

    Cultivar adaptability trials were conducted for two years in two different locations of derived guinea savanna Agroecological Zones of Nigeria, Ibadan (07' 22°E, 03' 55°N, temperature 27°C, relative humidity:60-80%, rainfall: 1308 mm), and Ilorin (08' 30°E, 04' 46°N, temperature 28°C, relative humidity 60-80%, rainfall 1050 mm) using 12 cassava genotypes. Data collected included number of tuberous root yield, shoot weight and harvest index. The results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in cassava genotype performance among the environments (Ilorin, 1992/93; Ilorin 1993/94; Ibadan, 1992/93, Ibadan, 1992/93, Ibadan, 1993/94) for number of tuberous roots, shoot weight, fresh tuberous yield and harvest index. Cassava genotypes grown at Ilorin, 1993/94 had the highest mean values for the number of tuberous roots, fresh tuberous root yield, shoot weight and harvest index at 12 months after planting. Genotypic differences were observed across locations and years for tuberous root number, fresh cassava tuberous root yield shoot weight and harvest index. In across locations and years, TMS 30572, TMS 81/01635, TMS 82/00058 and TMS81/00110 had the highest mean values for total tuberous root number, shoot weight, fresh tuberous of tuberous root yield, shoot weight and harvest index. The results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in cassava genotype performance among the environments (Ilorin, 1992/93; Ilorin 1993/94; Ibadan, 1992/93, Ibadan, 1992/93, Ibadan, 1993/94) for number of tuberous roots, shoot weight, fresh tuberous yield and harvest index. Cassava genotypes grown at Ilorin, 1993/94 had the highest mean values for the number of tuberous roots, fresh tuberous root yield, shoot weight and harvest index at 12 months after planting. Genotypic differences were observed across locations and years for tuberous root number, fresh cassava tuberous root yield shoot weight and harvest index. In across locations and years, TMS 30572, TMS 81/01635, TMS 82/00058 and TMS81/00110 had the highest mean values for total tuberous root number, shoot weight, fresh tuberous root yields and harvest index respectively. In Ibadan, TMS 82/00058 and TMS 91934 had the highest values for parameter measured whereas in Ilorin, TMS 30572, TMS 82/00058, TMS 81/01635 and TMS 81/00110 performed better than other genotypes tested. Stability analyses were carried out on fresh tuberous root yield. When all the rank sums were summed for each genotype used as a parameter for stability, the result showed that for tuberous root yield, TMS 82/00942, TMS 82/00058 and TMS 30572 could be the most stable genotypes for the derived guinea savanna ecology. TMS 30572 has been widely adopted in some parts of these areas. TMS 82/00942 and TMS 82/00058 are new genotypes which are promising for distribution to farmers in derived guinea savanna ecology. Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology Vol. 8 (1) 2006: pp. 92-102