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Kai Zhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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throughfall kinetic energy and its spatial characteristics under rubber based Agroforestry systems
Catena, 2018Co-Authors: Wenjie Liu, Jiaqing Liu, Kai ZhuAbstract:Abstract Rubber is usually grown as a monoculture but there have been recent attempts to encourage rubber-based Agroforestry systems to reduce adverse environmental impacts, including the reduction of soil erosion in Xishuangbanna, SW China. To estimate the influence of different types of rubber-based Agroforestry systems on soil erosion processes, we measured the throughfall kinetic energy (TKE) under different vegetation types by using 640 sand-filled Tubingen splash cups. This study was conducted in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gardens under natural rainfall conditions. Our results indicated that in both rubber-based Agroforestry systems and rubber monocultures, a significant linear positive correlation exists between TKE and rainfall amount. Rainfall amount is a critical factor that contributes to soil detachment in rubber plantations in this region. TKE under rubber plantation conditions was found to be notably higher than under open field conditions (ranging from 1.84 to 2.32 times greater). However, there was no significant difference under multiple canopies compared to monoculture. TKE values under the different rubber-based Agroforestry systems were closely related to the canopy structure, and TKE and leaf area index were significantly negatively correlated. The spatial variability of TKE was higher in rubber-based Agroforestry systems than in rubber monocultures. In addition, TKE was usually concentrated in 3–4 m bands that did not have the protection of a sub-canopy. The fact that the erosion by TKE under rubber-based Agroforestry was still high highlights the importance of selecting intercrops when constructing rubber-based Agroforestry systems and of improving planting patterns.
Jiaqing Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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throughfall kinetic energy and its spatial characteristics under rubber based Agroforestry systems
Catena, 2018Co-Authors: Wenjie Liu, Jiaqing Liu, Kai ZhuAbstract:Abstract Rubber is usually grown as a monoculture but there have been recent attempts to encourage rubber-based Agroforestry systems to reduce adverse environmental impacts, including the reduction of soil erosion in Xishuangbanna, SW China. To estimate the influence of different types of rubber-based Agroforestry systems on soil erosion processes, we measured the throughfall kinetic energy (TKE) under different vegetation types by using 640 sand-filled Tubingen splash cups. This study was conducted in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gardens under natural rainfall conditions. Our results indicated that in both rubber-based Agroforestry systems and rubber monocultures, a significant linear positive correlation exists between TKE and rainfall amount. Rainfall amount is a critical factor that contributes to soil detachment in rubber plantations in this region. TKE under rubber plantation conditions was found to be notably higher than under open field conditions (ranging from 1.84 to 2.32 times greater). However, there was no significant difference under multiple canopies compared to monoculture. TKE values under the different rubber-based Agroforestry systems were closely related to the canopy structure, and TKE and leaf area index were significantly negatively correlated. The spatial variability of TKE was higher in rubber-based Agroforestry systems than in rubber monocultures. In addition, TKE was usually concentrated in 3–4 m bands that did not have the protection of a sub-canopy. The fact that the erosion by TKE under rubber-based Agroforestry was still high highlights the importance of selecting intercrops when constructing rubber-based Agroforestry systems and of improving planting patterns.
Ratta Lal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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soil organic carbon sequestration in Agroforestry systems a review
Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2014Co-Authors: Klaus Lorenz, Ratta LalAbstract:The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations due to emissions from fossil fuel combustion is contributing to recent climate change which is among the major challenges facing the world. Agroforestry systems can contribute to slowing down those increases and, thus, contribute to climate change mitigation. Agroforestry refers to the production of crop, livestock, and tree biomass on the same area of land. The soil organic carbon (SOC) pool, in particular, is the only terrestrial pool storing some carbon (C) for millennia which can be deliberately enhanced by Agroforestry practices. Up to 2.2 Pg C (1 Pg = 1015 g) may be sequestered above- and belowground over 50 years in Agroforestry systems, but estimations on global land area occupied by Agroforestry systems are particularly uncertain. Global areas under tree intercropping, multistrata systems, protective systems, silvopasture, and tree woodlots are estimated at 700, 100, 300, 450, and 50 Mha, respectively. The SOC storage in Agroforestry systems is also uncertain and may amount up to 300 Mg C ha−1 to 1 m depth. Here, we review and synthesize the current knowledge about SOC sequestration processes and their management in Agroforestry systems. The main points are that (1) useful C sequestration in Agroforestry systems for climate change mitigation must slow or even reverse the increase in atmospheric concentration of CO2 by storing some SOC for millennia, (2) soil disturbance must be minimized and tree species with a high root biomass-to-aboveground biomass ratio and/or nitrogen-fixing trees planted when SOC sequestration is among the objectives for establishing the Agroforestry system, (3) sequestration rates and the processes contributing to the stabilization of SOC in Agroforestry soils need additional data and research, (4) retrospective studies are often missing for rigorous determination of SOC and accurate evaluation of effects of different Agroforestry practices on SOC sequestration in soil profiles, and (5) the long-term SOC storage is finite as it depends on the availability of binding sites, i.e., the soil’s mineral composition and depth. Based on this improved knowledge, site-specific SOC sequestering Agroforestry practices can then be developed.
Wenjie Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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throughfall kinetic energy and its spatial characteristics under rubber based Agroforestry systems
Catena, 2018Co-Authors: Wenjie Liu, Jiaqing Liu, Kai ZhuAbstract:Abstract Rubber is usually grown as a monoculture but there have been recent attempts to encourage rubber-based Agroforestry systems to reduce adverse environmental impacts, including the reduction of soil erosion in Xishuangbanna, SW China. To estimate the influence of different types of rubber-based Agroforestry systems on soil erosion processes, we measured the throughfall kinetic energy (TKE) under different vegetation types by using 640 sand-filled Tubingen splash cups. This study was conducted in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gardens under natural rainfall conditions. Our results indicated that in both rubber-based Agroforestry systems and rubber monocultures, a significant linear positive correlation exists between TKE and rainfall amount. Rainfall amount is a critical factor that contributes to soil detachment in rubber plantations in this region. TKE under rubber plantation conditions was found to be notably higher than under open field conditions (ranging from 1.84 to 2.32 times greater). However, there was no significant difference under multiple canopies compared to monoculture. TKE values under the different rubber-based Agroforestry systems were closely related to the canopy structure, and TKE and leaf area index were significantly negatively correlated. The spatial variability of TKE was higher in rubber-based Agroforestry systems than in rubber monocultures. In addition, TKE was usually concentrated in 3–4 m bands that did not have the protection of a sub-canopy. The fact that the erosion by TKE under rubber-based Agroforestry was still high highlights the importance of selecting intercrops when constructing rubber-based Agroforestry systems and of improving planting patterns.
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land degradation controlled and mitigated by rubber based Agroforestry systems through optimizing soil physical conditions and water supply mechanisms a case study in xishuangbanna china
Land Degradation & Development, 2017Co-Authors: Xiaojin Jiang, Wenjie Liu, Pingyuan Wang, Changan Liu, Ziqiang YuanAbstract:Different rubber-based Agroforestry systems are adopted to control and mitigate land degradation. However, the soil physical conditions and soil hydrological processes of different Agroforestry systems are still unclear. Thus, in this study, rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) monoculture, rubber and Clerodendranthus spicatus Agroforestry system (RCS) and rubber and Amomum villosum Agroforestry system (RAV) were developed from a degraded land that had similar backgrounds of terrain and management measures for 50 years. Conventional methods were applied, and dye tracer experiments were conducted to measure the soil physical conditions and determine the water movement in soil. After 5 years' growth, both RCS and RAV could effectively promote the soil physical conditions and optimize soil structure by improving the proportion of the three soil phases. Favourable soil properties, multiple-layered canopies and ground cover in Agroforestry systems could promote the formation of three-dimensional hydraulic redistribution in soil profile. The infiltration of rainfall into the soil was enhanced; meanwhile, surface runoff and soil erosion were mitigated, and then more water was transported, redistributed and stored into the different soil layers by the more dominant preferential flow, water exchange and lateral flow in soil profiles. These water supply mechanisms could allow planting intercrops with rubber trees to uptake water from different water sources and coexist in an Agroforestry system. Our results highlighted that rubber-based Agroforestry systems are a useful management practice to maximize the utilization of land and water resources. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sayekti Raras - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Keanekaragaman serangga permukaan tanah pada Agroforestri Kopi Sederhana dan Agroforestri Kopi Kompleks di Kecamatan Ngantang Kabupaten Malang
2020Co-Authors: Sayekti RarasAbstract:مستخلص البحث نجانجتانج هي واحدة من المناطق في ماالنج التي لديها ثروة طباعاة وفارة واحدة منها البن. عادة لزراعة البن في نجانجتانج باستخدام نظام الحراجة. حشرات التربة هي مجموعة من الحاوانات لها دور مهم للكائنات الحاة في النظام البائي للتربة. الهدف من هذا البحث لمعرفة تنوع حرشات التربة وعالقتها بالعوامل الكاماائاة والفازيائاة. أجرت الباحثة هذا البحث في زراعة حراجة البن البساطة وحراجة البن المعقدة في نجانجتانج بماالنج في أغسطوس 0202. وقد تم تحديد نتائج البحث وقااس محتوى المااه الجوفاة في معمل البصري ومعمل البائة لقسم علم األحاا كلاة العلوم والتكنولوجاا جامعة موالنا مالك إبراهام ماالنج. تحلال العوامل الكاماائاة والفازيائاة للغربة في معمل التربة UPT تطوير المحاصال الغذائاة الزراعاة. قامت الباحث بهذا البحث باستخدام المنهج الوصفي االستكشافي. تم أخذ العانات بشكل منهجي باستخدام مصائد المزالق المثبتة على 63 نقطة )المسافة بان قطع األرض 5 أمتاز( مع 6 تكرار وفترات الوقت 4 أيام. استخدمت الباحثة لتحلال الباانات برنامج PAST 3.15 أما للتعريف باستخدام كتاب BORROR وإخوانه )0223(، نتائج من .)0202( Bug.Guide.net و )0220( Kunci Determinasi Serangga البحث تم الحصول على 01 جنسا من حشرات التربة في زراعة البن البساطة و00 جنسا في زراعة البن المعقدة. نتاجة مؤشر تنوع الحراجة البساطة هي 0.1 أما نتاجة مؤشر تنوع الحراجة المعقدة هي 0.200. نتاجة مؤشر التساوي للحراجة البساطة للبن هي 2.640 أما نتاجة مؤشر التساوي للحراجة المعقدة للبن هي2.620. مؤشر الثروة في الحراجة البساطة للبن هو 0.306 أما في الحراجة المعقدة للبن خو 6.232. مؤشر التساوي في موقعي الحراجة هو 2.42. حصلت نتائج العالقة بان العوامل الفازيائاة والكاماائاة مع حشرات التربة في الزراعة الحرجاة البساطة والمعقدة على نتائج العوامل الالأحاائاة في الزراعة الحراجاة البساطة للقهوة والتي هي األكثر تأثا ًرا هي العوامل غار الحاوية للمواد العضوية ، C / N ،N-totalنسبي و C-Organic إلى جنس .Seira بانما في الزراعة الحراجاة للقهوة ، فإن أكثر العوامل الالأحاائاة تأثا ًرا هي األس الهادروجاني ، N-totalو P على جنسCryptophilus ABSTRACT Ngantang is one of the districts in Malang Regency which has abundant natural wealth, one of which is coffee. Generally, Coffee in Ngantang is grown using an Agroforestry system. Soil insects are one group of animals that have an important role of organisms in the soil ecosystem. The purposes of the research are to determine the diversity of soil insects and the relationship with chemicalphysical factors. The research was conducted in simple coffee Agroforestry land and complex coffee Agroforestry in Ngantang, Malang Regency in August 2019. Identification of the results of research and measurement of groundwater content were carried out in the Optical Laboratory and Ecology Laboratory of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University (UIN) of Maulana Malik Ibrahim of Malang. Analysis of soil physicalchemical factors in the Soil Laboratory of UPT for Lawang Food Crops and Horticulture Development. The research was conducted using descriptive exploratory methods. Sampling was carried out systematically using pitfall traps installed at 36 points (distance between plots was 5 meters) with 3 repetitions and time intervals of 4 days. Data analysis used the PAST 3.15 program, while identification used the books of Borror et al. (1996), Insect Determination Keys (1991) and BugGuide.net (2019). The results of the research were obtained 18 genera of soil insects in simple coffee Agroforestry and 22 genera in complex coffee Agroforestry. The diversity index value in simple Agroforestry was 1.8, while the diversity index value in Agroforestry in complex Agroforestry was 1.912. The evenness index value for simple coffee Agroforestry was 0.341; the evenness index for complex coffee Agroforestry was 0.307. The wealth index in simple coffee Agroforestry was 2,673, while in complex coffee Agroforestry was 3,069. The similarity index at the two Agroforestry sites was 0.49. The results of the correlation between physics-chemical factors with soil insects in simple and complex coffee agroforests obtained the results of abiotic factors in simple coffee Agroforestry that most influential are the abiotic factors of organic matter, N-total, C / N relative and C-Organic to the Seira genus. Whereas in coffee Agroforestry, the most influential abiotic factors are pH, N-total and P on the genus Cryptophilus. ABSTRAK Ngantang merupakan salah satu kecamatan di Kabupaten Malang yang memiliki kekayaan alam melimpah salah satunya kopi. Kopi di Ngantang umumnya ditanam dengan menggunakan sistem agroforestri. Serangga tanah merupakan salah satu kelompok hewan yang memiliki peran penting dari organisme-organisme di ekosistem tanah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman serangga tanahdanhubungannya dengan faktorfisika-kimia. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan agroforestri kopi sederhana dan agroforestri kopi kompleks di kecamatan Ngantang Kabupaten Malang pada bulan Agustus 2019. Identifikasi hasil penelitian dan pengukuran kadar air tanah dilakukan di Laboratorium Optik dan Laboratorium Ekologi Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Malang. Analisis faktor fisika-kimia tanah di Laboratorium Tanah UPT Pengembangan Agrobisnis Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultur Lawang. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode deskriptif eksploratif.Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara sistematis menggunakan pitfall trapyang dipasang pada 36 titik (jarak antar plot 5 meter)dengan 3 pengulangan daninterval waktu 4 hari. Analisis data menggunakan program PAST 3.15 sedangkan identifikasi menggunakan buku Borror dkk., (1996), Kunci Determinasi serangga (1991) dan BugGuide.net (2019). Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh 18 genus serangga tanah pada agroforestri kopi sederhana dan 22 genus pada agroforestri kopi kompleks. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman di agroforestri sederhana yaitu 1,8 sedangkan nilai indeks keanekaragaman di agroforestri di agroforestri kompleks yaitu 1,912. Nilai indeks kemerataan pada agroforestri kopi sederhana adalah 0,341 sedangkan indeks kemerataan pada agroforestri kopi kompleks adalah 0,307. Indeks kekayaan pada agroforestri kopi sederhana adalah 2,673 sedangkan di agroforestri kopi kompleks adalah 3,069. Indeks kesamaan pada kedua lokasi agroforestri adalah 0,49. Hasil korelasi faktor fisika-kimia dengan serangga tanah pada agroforestri kopi sederhana dan kompleks didapatkan hasil faktor abiotik pada agroforestri kopi sederhana yang paling berpengaruh ialah faktor abiotik bahan organik, N-total, C/N nisbi dan C-Organik terhadap genus Seira. Sedangkan pada agroforestri kopi kompleks faktor abiotik yang paling berpengaruh adalah pH, N-total dan P terhadap genus Cryptophilus