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Jose Antonio Perrella Balestieri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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exploring the Water energy nexus in brazil the electricity use for Water Supply
Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Mateus Ricardo Nogueira Vilanova, Jose Antonio Perrella BalestieriAbstract:Abstract The present work evaluates the electricity use for the Water production and Supply in Brazil. Five categories of indicators were proposed, that is, per capita, Water losses, energy, greenhouse gases (GHGs) and financial/economic, which were used in the definition of municipal average values. It takes an average 0.862 ± 0.046 kWh m−3 for production and Water Supply in the country. The results demonstrate that the Water Supply systems accounted for, at least, 1.9% of total electricity consumption in Brazil in 2012, and the Water loss wastes 27% of Water and energy in the Water Supply systems from Brazil. The production and distribution of 1 m3 of Water in Brazilian cities represents the emission of 0.050 ± 0.004 kgCO2e, being 0.014 ± 0.001 kgCO2e.m−3 associated with the Water loss volumes. Furthermore, the average Brazilian cities' expenditure with electricity for the Water Supply is US$ 0.14 ± US$ 0.01, which corresponds to 16.8% ± 0.7% of operating expenditures and 12.9% ± 0.5% of total expenditure of the WSSs. The NE Region is the one that presents the greatest potential for the application of hydraulic and energy efficiency measures in Water Supply systems (WSSs).
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hydropower recovery in Water Supply systems models and case study
Energy Conversion and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Mateus Ricardo Nogueira Vilanova, Jose Antonio Perrella BalestieriAbstract:Abstract The energy efficiency of Water Supply systems can be increased through the recovery of hydraulic energy implicit to the volumes of Water transported in various stages of the Supply process, which can be converted into electricity through hydroelectric recovery systems. Such a process allows the use of a clean energy source that is usually neglected in Water supplies, reducing its dependence on energy from the local network and the system’s operation costs. This article evaluates the possibilities and benefits of the use of Water Supply facilities, structures and equipment for hydraulic energy recovery, addressing several applicable hydroelectric models. A real case study was developed in Brazil to illustrate the technical, economic and environmental aspects of hydropower recovery in Water Supply systems.
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energy and hydraulic efficiency in conventional Water Supply systems
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014Co-Authors: Mateus Ricardo Nogueira Vilanova, Jose Antonio Perrella BalestieriAbstract:This paper presents the state-of-the-art approaches to energy (electricity) and hydraulic efficiency and conservation in conventional Water Supply systems, providing an overview of energy efficiency and conservation alternatives from the analysis of selected research literature. These alternatives vary from leakage management to state-of-the art real-time optimization techniques, and can be classified into three dimensions according to their natures: project and design dimension, operational dimension and physical dimension. The potential energy savings and the impact of these alternatives over the Water Supply systems' energy efficiency are highly variable. All the energy efficiency and conservation alternatives analyzed in this work may contribute with the promotion of sustainability of conventional Water Supply systems.
Violette Geissen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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domestic Water consumption under intermittent and continuous modes of Water Supply
Water Resources Management, 2014Co-Authors: Liangxin Fan, Guobin Liu, Fei Wang, C J Ritsema, Violette GeissenAbstract:Although an extensive literature emphasizes the disadvantages of intermittent Water Supply, it remains prevalent in rural areas of developing countries. Understanding the effects of Water Supply time restrictions on domestic Water use activities and patterns, especially for hygienic purposes, is important for the elaboration of the Water Supply. We studied the influence of intermittent and continuous Water Supply on Water consumption and related activities in villages in the central region of the Wei River basin, China. Data were collected from a survey of 225 households in the sampled villages. Compared with a continuous Water Supply of 24 h d−1 (hours per day), adopting an intermittent Water Supply can reduce domestic Water consumption. However, it presents risks in terms of hygiene behavior, particularly the frequency of face, hands, and feet washing, as well as Water sharing among family members. Outdoor Water consumption is more affected than indoor Water consumption under slight Supply restriction (≥6 and 1.5 and < 6 h d−1). Villages with high Supply restriction (≤1.5 h d−1) meet only the minimum basic requirements for domestic use, 33.6–34.7 L c−1 d−1 (liters per capita per day). We conclude that the determination of the daily Water delivery duration for intermittent Water Supply in rural communities of developing countries should give greater consideration to differences in Water use activities and patterns under the Water Supply time restrictions.
Mateus Ricardo Nogueira Vilanova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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exploring the Water energy nexus in brazil the electricity use for Water Supply
Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Mateus Ricardo Nogueira Vilanova, Jose Antonio Perrella BalestieriAbstract:Abstract The present work evaluates the electricity use for the Water production and Supply in Brazil. Five categories of indicators were proposed, that is, per capita, Water losses, energy, greenhouse gases (GHGs) and financial/economic, which were used in the definition of municipal average values. It takes an average 0.862 ± 0.046 kWh m−3 for production and Water Supply in the country. The results demonstrate that the Water Supply systems accounted for, at least, 1.9% of total electricity consumption in Brazil in 2012, and the Water loss wastes 27% of Water and energy in the Water Supply systems from Brazil. The production and distribution of 1 m3 of Water in Brazilian cities represents the emission of 0.050 ± 0.004 kgCO2e, being 0.014 ± 0.001 kgCO2e.m−3 associated with the Water loss volumes. Furthermore, the average Brazilian cities' expenditure with electricity for the Water Supply is US$ 0.14 ± US$ 0.01, which corresponds to 16.8% ± 0.7% of operating expenditures and 12.9% ± 0.5% of total expenditure of the WSSs. The NE Region is the one that presents the greatest potential for the application of hydraulic and energy efficiency measures in Water Supply systems (WSSs).
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hydropower recovery in Water Supply systems models and case study
Energy Conversion and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Mateus Ricardo Nogueira Vilanova, Jose Antonio Perrella BalestieriAbstract:Abstract The energy efficiency of Water Supply systems can be increased through the recovery of hydraulic energy implicit to the volumes of Water transported in various stages of the Supply process, which can be converted into electricity through hydroelectric recovery systems. Such a process allows the use of a clean energy source that is usually neglected in Water supplies, reducing its dependence on energy from the local network and the system’s operation costs. This article evaluates the possibilities and benefits of the use of Water Supply facilities, structures and equipment for hydraulic energy recovery, addressing several applicable hydroelectric models. A real case study was developed in Brazil to illustrate the technical, economic and environmental aspects of hydropower recovery in Water Supply systems.
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energy and hydraulic efficiency in conventional Water Supply systems
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014Co-Authors: Mateus Ricardo Nogueira Vilanova, Jose Antonio Perrella BalestieriAbstract:This paper presents the state-of-the-art approaches to energy (electricity) and hydraulic efficiency and conservation in conventional Water Supply systems, providing an overview of energy efficiency and conservation alternatives from the analysis of selected research literature. These alternatives vary from leakage management to state-of-the art real-time optimization techniques, and can be classified into three dimensions according to their natures: project and design dimension, operational dimension and physical dimension. The potential energy savings and the impact of these alternatives over the Water Supply systems' energy efficiency are highly variable. All the energy efficiency and conservation alternatives analyzed in this work may contribute with the promotion of sustainability of conventional Water Supply systems.
Meenakshi Arora - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of urban forms on energy consumption of Water Supply in china
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020Co-Authors: Shuchang Zhao, Yi Liu, Shan Liang, Chunyan Wang, Kate Smith, Ning Jia, Meenakshi AroraAbstract:More than half of the energy consumed for urban Water utilities is for the Water Supply system (including Water distribution and secondary Water Supply systems). Urban form (defined as city shapes and population distribution) is found to have significant impacts on energy used by the Water Supply system. This study aimed to explore the integrated impacts of urban forms on energy consumption for Water Supply by employing empirical analysis methods and virtual city modeling. In total, three types of city shapes (i.e. radial, grid and satellite) and three types of population distributions (i.e. uniform, monocentric and polycentric) were identified. The results reveal that population distribution has more significant impacts on the energy for Water distribution and secondary Water Supply than city shapes. Energy consumed by secondary Water Supply accounts for more than 80% of total energy consumption. It is found that radial-uniform cities consume the least energy for Water Supply (up to 89% lower). The findings of this study shed light on enhancing overall sustainability in the urban Water Supply system. For future urban planning and governance, radial/monocentric urban form is encouraged when secondary Water Supply is not widely applied or needed, radial/uniform urban form is recommended when secondary Water Supply is required, and the entirely pressurized pumping system is suggested for secondary Water Supply in order to reduce energy use.
Steven Renzetti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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municipal Water Supply and sewage treatment costs prices and distortions
Canadian Journal of Economics, 1999Co-Authors: Steven RenzettiAbstract:Municipal Water Supply and sewage treatment utilities in Ontario, Canada, are studied in order to establish their costs of Supply and evaluate their pricing practices. Prices charged to residential and commercial customers are found to be only one-third and one-sixth of the estimated marginal cost for Water Supply and sewage treatment, respectively. For example, the average price to residential customers is $0.32m[superscript 3], while the estimated marginal cost is $0.87/m[superscript 3]. The estimated cost parameters are combined with estimated residential and nonresidential demands functions in order to calculate approximate welfare losses that arise from overconsumption.