The Experts below are selected from a list of 262608 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
John R Balmes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Outdoor Air Pollution and asthma
The Lancet, 2014Co-Authors: Michael Guarnieri, John R BalmesAbstract:Traffi c and power generation are the main sources of urban Air Pollution. The idea that outdoor Air Pollution can cause exacerbations of pre-existing asthma is supported by an evidence base that has been accumulating for several decades, with several studies suggesting a contribution to new-onset asthma as well. In this Series paper, we discuss the effects of particulate matter (PM), gaseous pollutants (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide), and mixed traffi c-related Air Pollution. We focus on clinical studies, both epidemiological and experimental, published in the previous 5 years. From a mechanistic perspective, Air pollutants probably cause oxidative injury to the Airways, leading to infl ammation, remodelling, and increased risk of sensitisation. Although several pollutants have been linked to new-onset asthma, the strength of the evidence is variable. We also discuss clinical implications, policy issues, and research gaps relevant to Air Pollution and asthma.
Michael Guarnieri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Outdoor Air Pollution and asthma
The Lancet, 2014Co-Authors: Michael Guarnieri, John R BalmesAbstract:Traffi c and power generation are the main sources of urban Air Pollution. The idea that outdoor Air Pollution can cause exacerbations of pre-existing asthma is supported by an evidence base that has been accumulating for several decades, with several studies suggesting a contribution to new-onset asthma as well. In this Series paper, we discuss the effects of particulate matter (PM), gaseous pollutants (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide), and mixed traffi c-related Air Pollution. We focus on clinical studies, both epidemiological and experimental, published in the previous 5 years. From a mechanistic perspective, Air pollutants probably cause oxidative injury to the Airways, leading to infl ammation, remodelling, and increased risk of sensitisation. Although several pollutants have been linked to new-onset asthma, the strength of the evidence is variable. We also discuss clinical implications, policy issues, and research gaps relevant to Air Pollution and asthma.
Euro Cogliani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Air Pollution forecast in cities by an Air Pollution index highly correlated with meteorological variables
Atmospheric Environment, 2001Co-Authors: Euro CoglianiAbstract:There are many different Air Pollution indexes which represent the global urban Air Pollution situation. The daily index studied here is also highly correlated with meteorological variables and this index is capable of identifying those variables that significantly affect the Air Pollution. The index is connected with attention levels of NO2, CO and O3 concentrations. The attention levels are fixed by a law proposed by the Italian Ministries of Health and Environment. The relation of that index with some meteorological variables is analysed by the linear multiple partial correlation statistical method. Florence, Milan and Vicence were selected to show the correlation among the Air Pollution index and the daily thermic excursion, the previous day's Air Pollution index and the wind speed. During the January–March period the correlation coefficient reaches 0.85 at Milan. The deterministic methods of forecasting Air Pollution concentrations show very high evaluation errors and are applied on limited areas around the observation stations, as opposed to the whole urban areas. The global Air Pollution, instead of the concentrations at specific observation stations, allows the evaluation of the level of the sanitary risk regarding the whole urban population.
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Air Pollution forecast in cities by an Air Pollution index highly correlated with meteorological variables
Atmospheric Environment, 2001Co-Authors: Euro CoglianiAbstract:There are many different Air Pollution indexes which represent the global urban Air Pollution situation. The daily index studied here is also highly correlated with meteorological variables and this index is capable of identifying those variables that significantly affect the Air Pollution. The index is connected with attention levels of NO2, CO and O3 concentrations. The attention levels are fixed by a law proposed by the Italian Ministries of Health and Environment. The relation of that index with some meteorological variables is analysed by the linear multiple partial correlation statistical method. Florence, Milan and Vicence were selected to show the correlation among the Air Pollution index and the daily thermic excursion, the previous day's Air Pollution index and the wind speed. During the January–March period the correlation coefficient reaches 0.85 at Milan. The deterministic methods of forecasting Air Pollution concentrations show very high evaluation errors and are applied on limited areas around the observation stations, as opposed to the whole urban areas. The global Air Pollution, instead of the concentrations at specific observation stations, allows the evaluation of the level of the sanitary risk regarding the whole urban population.
M Ashmore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Air Pollution
Reference Module in Life Sciences, 2017Co-Authors: M AshmoreAbstract:Abstract Air Pollution results from emissions from a range of sources, including industry, power generation, transport, and domestic sources. Its local impacts on biodiversity can be dramatic close to large point sources of emissions, but significant impacts on biodiversity over much wider areas can also result from the long-range transport of pollutants. This article provides a brief description of Air Pollution sources and pathways, and then considers the major mechanisms by which Air Pollution can affect biodiversity. It then describes the evidence of such impacts in the field, focusing on a limited number of case studies. It finally considers the issues connected with establishing credible Air quality guidelines to protect biodiversity, and the implications of global changes in Air Pollution concentrations for biodiversity.
John D. Spengler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Outdoor and Indoor Air Pollution
Principles and Practice of Environmental Medicine, 1992Co-Authors: John D. SpenglerAbstract:Air Pollution is a world problem afflicting densely populated urban centers and heavily industrialized areas. In recent years new data have changed our perception of Air Pollution. It is now recognized that Air Pollution crosses national boundaries to affect areas far distant from emission sources. In addition to its adverse health effects, Air Pollution also poses a danger to water, fish stocks, forests, natural vegetation, and agricultural crops. The evidence of pollutant transport across national boundaries now calls for increased international as well as national strategies for pollutant monitoring and control (46, 86).
