The Experts below are selected from a list of 25548 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Joop J. Van Hemmen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An experimental study to investigate the feasibility to classify paints according to neurotoxicological risks: occupational Air Requirement (OAR) and indoor use of alkyd paints.
The Annals of occupational hygiene, 2005Co-Authors: Derk H. Brouwer, Nettie De Pater, Christian Zomer, Marc. W. M. Lurvink, Joop J. Van HemmenAbstract:The concept of occupational Air Requirement (OAR), representing the quantity of Air required to dilute the vapor concentration in the work environment resulting from 11 product to a concentration below the occupational exposure limit (OEL), was considered to have potential to discriminate between paints that can and cannot be used safely. The OAR is a simple algorithm with the concentration of volatile organic compound (VOC) in the paint, a discrete evaporation factor and the neurotoxicological effects-based OEL. Conceptually, OAR categories of paints for construction and maintenance applications could be identified that can be applied manually without exceeding OELs with no appreciable room ventilation. Five painters volunteered in an exposure study aimed at testing the OAR approach in practice. Total exposure to VOC was assessed in 30 experiments during the application of 0.5 l of paint in a defined 'standard indoor paint job'. Fifteen paints were prepared, reflecting differences in solvents (percentage, volatility, toxicity) with a range of OAR levels from 43 to 819 m3/l. Exposure was assessed by personal Air sampling (PAS). In addition, real-time Air monitoring was performed. All tests were conducted at minimum ventilation rate (≤0.33 h-1). PAS results were expressed as percentage of the nominal OEL and ranged from 8 to 93% for high solids and from 38 to 168% for conventional paints. In general, higher VOC contents resulted in higher exposure. High volatile paints showed a statistically significant faster increase of VOC concentration with time compared with paints containing low volatile solvents. A significant relationship between OAR value and exposure was observed (R2 = 0.73). The experiments indicate that OAR-based classification of paints predicts and discriminates risk levels for exposure to neurotoxic paint-solvents in indoor painting fAirly well. © 2005 British Occupational Hygiene Society Published by Oxford University Press. Chemicals / CAS: Air Pollutants, Occupational; Solvents
Berna Hascakir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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laboratory screening tests on the effect of initial oil saturation for the dynamic control of in situ combustion
Fuel Processing Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Denis Aleksandrov, Berna HascakirAbstract:Abstract There are two main goals of this study: to investigate the performance variations of in-situ combustion (ISC) with the change in initial oil saturation (IOS) through laboratory screening tests and to determine mechanisms for maintaining the dynamic control of ISC by varying the injected Air rate in an oil field which has heterogeneously distributed IOS. Thus, we start with the determination of the optimum IOS value for ISC with five combustion tube tests at identical experimental conditions but at different IOS values and the IOS value used in the best performing experiment is decided to be the optimum IOS value for the given experimental conditions. Then, the Air-Requirement for the field-scale application is calculated analytically. The Air-Requirements for the experiments which exhibit poorer performance are normalized according to the value obtained for the optimum IOS case. We observed that the fuel-deposition amount is highly affected by the IOS and decreases with IOS. Our findings show that the constant Air rate used in the experiments is responsible for the performance change in ISC for varying IOS. Therefore, the Air rate should be adjusted according to the estimated fuel deposition amount for the dynamic control of ISC for the field application.
Shi Hong-li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Study on Old Mine Ventilation System Management and Transformation
Coal and Chemical Industry, 2015Co-Authors: Shi Hong-liAbstract:The characteristics of the mine ventilation system aging period were analyzed,combined with Tong'er old mine ventilation system management and transformation practice,the principles and management of the transformation were expounded.The operation of the mine ventilation system was put forward to achieve the unity of the rationality and economy.The operation of the mine ventilation system is on the best running state or not,should take integrated mine Air Requirement,the main fan operation state,supply Air volume,ventilation,power consumption etc.into account.
Mukund Bade - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Energy analysis and heat recovery opportunities in spray dryers applied for effluent management
Energy Conversion and Management, 2019Co-Authors: Sanjay Kumar Patel, Mukund BadeAbstract:Abstract Thermal dewatering using spray dryers is an energy-intensive process, which recently, applied for removal of water from industrial effluents by evaporation. Reduction of energy consumption is vital to reduce operating cost in addition to sustainable development. In this paper, the modern integrated energy savings scheme is proposed in four parts. (i) An advanced energy saving configuration named as a hybrid heat recovery system for a spray dryer, (ii) Developed rigorous but simple mathematical model for direct and hybrid heat recovery system, (iii) A generalized performance indicator for investigation of environmental impact on energy recovery called as ‘Sustainability Index’ is proposed for thermal systems and demonstrated for spray dryer, and finally (iv) The proposed methods are explained with the help of an illustrative example taken from the literature. Up to 80% recirculation ratio, performance enhancement, and Sustainability Index are significantly higher for the hybrid heat recovery system than the direct heat recovery system, while for higher than 80% recirculation ratio, both are approaching towards nearly same value. Furthermore, with increasing recirculation ratio, moisture recirculation into the drying chamber also increases, which reduces the Requirement of the mass flow rate of dry hot Air due to the higher heat capacity of recirculated moisture. A reduction in hot Air Requirement reduces the high-grade blower power in addition to net heat supplied. Dryer efficiency and sustainability index, both show a strong dependency on the amount of heat recovery for spray dryer.
Shabbir H Gheewala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Supply chain analysis for cassava starch production: Cleaner production opportunities and benefits
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017Co-Authors: Prus Pingmuanglek, Napat Jakrawatana, Shabbir H GheewalaAbstract:Abstract This research assesses resource efficiency and the loss through the processes of the cassava starch production supply chain in order to find opportunities to improve resource use efficiency, reduce loss and recover resources from waste. The case study was conducted at a cassava starch company in the north of Thailand. The starch supply chain includes cassava cultivation, cassava root transport and processing of cassava starch. In the base case, 25,000 tonne of freshwater was used to produce 1000 tonne of cassava starch. Water consumption in the extraction process accounted for over 60% of freshwater use in the supply chain. The extraction and separation processes were the main hotspots because they consumed a large amount of water and a large portion of cassava mass including cassava pulp was separated out at these stages. Over 81% of energy was used in the starch plant including hot Air (53%) and electricity (28%). Diesel used for crop production and transport accounted for only 6% and 12% respectively. Drying process was the hotspot in terms of energy use; the process used heat accounting for over 68% of the total energy use in the supply chain. Fortunately, hot Air produced from biogas covered 100% of the hot Air Requirement and electricity produced from biogas covered 86% of the electricity demand in the plant. The conventional system of cassava starch production was compared with an improved one incorporating changes in practice of crop production, transport and starch production. In the improved scenario, in crop production, several nutrient management practices were applied along with fertilizer optimization. The starch plant was modified to enhance water recycling and reduce loss in order to reduce cassava root input. Starch loss reduction was achieved in the fiber and pulp separation processes where the largest starch loss occurred. The results showed that the scenario of improved technology and management could reduce consumption of all resources and emissions including cassava roots (4%), fertilizers (50%), water (30%), wastewater (40%) as well as energy (8%). All of the cassava pulp could be recovered to produce ethanol instead of using for feed with some ending up in the landfill in the base case. All wastewater could be reused for irrigation in the cassava farms instead of being evaporated. Moreover, recovering cassava pulp for ethanol production led to positive energy balance and net GHG benefit of 107 t CO 2 eq/y. Net GHG benefit from wastewater reuse for irrigation in the improve scenario was 3 t CO 2 eq.
