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Beverley Hale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Response of vegetation to volatile pollutants: A delivery system for controlled, quantifiable chronic exposure of foliage
    Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1998
    Co-Authors: Sean D. Love, Beverley Hale
    Abstract:

    Little is known about Air-to-foliage transfer of volatile organic pollutants: sink strength of leaves and toxicity to the plant via this route have not been widely documented. An exposure system that is capable of repeatedly delivering a range of concentrations of volatilized organic pollutant to foliage under optimal growth and activity conditions is needed. Using naphthalene (a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) as a model contaminant, a steady-state exposure system was developed in which a continuous stream of naphthalene vapor was generated from a chilled permeation tube. This stream was proportionately released into four separate clean Airstreams to deliver four discrete concentrations of naphthalene vapor to large cuvettes in which potted plants were sealed. Each cuvette received a total flow rate of 5 L/min. Naphthalene concentration exiting the permeation tube was calculated twofold: using ideal gas laws and from the daily mass loss of the permeation tube. Daily mass loss from the permeation tube and indirect indication of naphthalene concentration by UV light attenuation indicated that the exposure system was capable of maintaining a logarithmic range of naphthalene vapor concentrations over 4 d. Deviation from predicted concentrations was associated with high moisture content of the Air Supply Line used to vent the permeation tube.

Sean D. Love - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Response of vegetation to volatile pollutants: A delivery system for controlled, quantifiable chronic exposure of foliage
    Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1998
    Co-Authors: Sean D. Love, Beverley Hale
    Abstract:

    Little is known about Air-to-foliage transfer of volatile organic pollutants: sink strength of leaves and toxicity to the plant via this route have not been widely documented. An exposure system that is capable of repeatedly delivering a range of concentrations of volatilized organic pollutant to foliage under optimal growth and activity conditions is needed. Using naphthalene (a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) as a model contaminant, a steady-state exposure system was developed in which a continuous stream of naphthalene vapor was generated from a chilled permeation tube. This stream was proportionately released into four separate clean Airstreams to deliver four discrete concentrations of naphthalene vapor to large cuvettes in which potted plants were sealed. Each cuvette received a total flow rate of 5 L/min. Naphthalene concentration exiting the permeation tube was calculated twofold: using ideal gas laws and from the daily mass loss of the permeation tube. Daily mass loss from the permeation tube and indirect indication of naphthalene concentration by UV light attenuation indicated that the exposure system was capable of maintaining a logarithmic range of naphthalene vapor concentrations over 4 d. Deviation from predicted concentrations was associated with high moisture content of the Air Supply Line used to vent the permeation tube.

  • Effects of naphthalene on Swiss chard in a steady-state foliage exposure system
    1995
    Co-Authors: Sean D. Love, B.a. Hale
    Abstract:

    Little is known about Air-to-foliage transfer of volatile organic pollutants: sink strength of leaves and toxicity to the plant via this route have not been widely documented. Using naphthalene as a model contaminant, a steady-state exposure system was developed in which a continuous stream of naphthalene vapor was generated from a chilled permeation tube. This stream was proportionately released into four separate clean Airstreams to deliver four discrete concentrations of naphthalene vapor to large cuvettes in which potted plants were sealed. Each cuvette received a total flow rate of 5 LPM. Naphthalene concentration exiting the permeation tube was calculated twofold: using ideal gas laws and from the daily mass loss of the permeation tube. Daily mass loss from the permeation tube and indirect indication of naphthalene concentration by UV light attenuation indicated that the exposure system was capable of maintaining a logarithmic range of naphthalene vapor concentrations over four days. Deviation from predicted concentrations was associated with high moisture content of the Air Supply Line used to vent the permeation tube. Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris cv. White King) plants were exposed for four days in controlled environment chambers under steady-state conditions. Gaseous naphthalene was mixed with Air and applied tomore » foliate during the day or night. Plant growth was not affected by shoot naphthalene dose. Foliar exposure increased stomatal conductance and net CO{sub 2} fixation rates.« less

Ahmed M. Al-jumaily - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Prediction of upper Airway dryness and optimal continuous positive Airway pressure conditions
    Journal of biomechanics, 2020
    Co-Authors: Sandra Grau-bartual, Ahmed M. Al-jumaily
    Abstract:

    Continuous positive Airway pressure is the most effective long-term treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea, which is a sleeping disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep. It introduces pressurized atmospheric Air into the respiratory system in order to maintain open Airways without blockage. Some continuous positive Airway pressure devices incorporate a convective heat transfer humidifier to overcome dryness. However, many side effects, including the unacceptable excess of water droplets in the Air Supply Line, have been reported and improvements are essential for better patient's comfort and acceptance of the therapy. The excess of water droplets is attributed to the qualitative rather than the quantitative approach of determining the rise in temperature and humidity of the inspired Air. Therefore, a human upper Airway mathematical model is developed to predict the heat and water transfer variation between normal breathing and continuous positive Airway pressure conditions and determine the optimal input temperature and relative humidity in the continuous positive Airway pressure humidifier.

Wenzhong Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF EFFECTS OF NON-CONDENSABLE ON CONDENSATION IN A VERTICAL TUBE BUNDLE
    2016
    Co-Authors: Wenzhong Zhou, Gavi Henderso, Shripad T. Revanka
    Abstract:

    One of the engineered safety systems in the advanced boiling water reactor is a passive containment cooling system (PCCS) which is composed of a number of vertical heat exchanger. After a loss of coolant accident, the pressurized steam discharged from the reactor and the noncondensable (NC) gases mixture flows into the PCCS condenser tube. The PCCS condenser must be able to remove sufficient energy from the reactor containment to prevent containment from exceeding its design pressure. The efficient performance of the PCCS condenser is thus vital to the safety of the reactor. In PCCS condenser tube three flow conditions are expected namely the forced flow, cyclic venting and complete condensation modes. The PCCS test facility consists of steam generator (SG), instrumented condenser with secondary pool boiling section, condensation tank, suppression pool, storage tank, Air Supply Line, and associated piping and instrumentation.. The specific design of condensing tube is based on scaling analysis from the PCCS design of ESBWR. The scaled PCCS is made of four tubes of diameter 52.5mm and height 1.8 m arranged in square pitch. Steam Air mixture condensation tests were carried out in a through flow mode of operation where the mixture flows through the condenser tube with some steam condensation. Data on condensation heat transfer were obtained for two nominal pressures, 225 kPa and 275 kPa and for Air concentration fraction from 0 to 13%. Test results showed that with increase in pressure the condensation heat transfer increased. The presence of the Air in the steam decreased the condensation heat transfer coefficient from 10 to 45% depending on Air fraction in the steam

  • Experimental Study of Effects of Non-Condensable on Condensation in a Vertical Tube Bundle
    Volume 3: Combustion Fire and Reacting Flow; Heat Transfer in Multiphase Systems; Heat Transfer in Transport Phenomena in Manufacturing and Materials , 2009
    Co-Authors: Wenzhong Zhou, Gavin Henderson, Shripad T. Revankar
    Abstract:

    One of the engineered safety systems in the advanced boiling water reactor is a passive containment cooling system (PCCS) which is composed of a number of vertical heat exchanger. After a loss of coolant accident, the pressurized steam discharged from the reactor and the noncondensable (NC) gases mixture flows into the PCCS condenser tube. The PCCS condenser must be able to remove sufficient energy from the reactor containment to prevent containment from exceeding its design pressure. The efficient performance of the PCCS condenser is thus vital to the safety of the reactor. In PCCS condenser tube three flow conditions are expected namely the forced flow, cyclic venting and complete condensation modes. The PCCS test facility consists of steam generator (SG), instrumented condenser with secondary pool boiling section, condensation tank, suppression pool, storage tank, Air Supply Line, and associated piping and instrumentation. The specific design of condensing tube is based on scaling analysis from the PCCS design of ESBWR. The scaled PCCS is made of four tubes of diameter 52.5mm and height 1.8 m arranged in square pitch. Steam Air mixture condensation tests were carried out in a through flow mode of operation where the mixture flows through the condenser tube with some steam condensation. Data on condensation heat transfer were obtained for two nominal pressures, 225 kPa and 275 kPa and for Air concentration fraction from 0 to 13%. Test results showed that with increase in pressure the condensation heat transfer increased. The presence of the Air in the steam decreased the condensation heat transfer coefficient from 10 to 45% depending on Air fraction in the steam.Copyright © 2009 by ASME

Sandra Grau-bartual - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Prediction of upper Airway dryness and optimal continuous positive Airway pressure conditions
    Journal of biomechanics, 2020
    Co-Authors: Sandra Grau-bartual, Ahmed M. Al-jumaily
    Abstract:

    Continuous positive Airway pressure is the most effective long-term treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea, which is a sleeping disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep. It introduces pressurized atmospheric Air into the respiratory system in order to maintain open Airways without blockage. Some continuous positive Airway pressure devices incorporate a convective heat transfer humidifier to overcome dryness. However, many side effects, including the unacceptable excess of water droplets in the Air Supply Line, have been reported and improvements are essential for better patient's comfort and acceptance of the therapy. The excess of water droplets is attributed to the qualitative rather than the quantitative approach of determining the rise in temperature and humidity of the inspired Air. Therefore, a human upper Airway mathematical model is developed to predict the heat and water transfer variation between normal breathing and continuous positive Airway pressure conditions and determine the optimal input temperature and relative humidity in the continuous positive Airway pressure humidifier.