The Experts below are selected from a list of 288 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Edward A. Nardell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Eggcrate UV: A whole ceiling upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation system for air disInfection in occupied rooms
Indoor Air, 2014Co-Authors: Jacqueline Linnes, Stephen N. Rudnick, James J Mcdevitt, G M Hunt, Edward A. NardellAbstract:A novel whole ceiling upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) system (eggcrate UV) has been developed that incorporates open cell "eggcrate" suspended ceiling panels and bare UV lamps with a ceiling fan. Upper-room UVGI is more effective than mechanical ventilation at much lower installation and operating costs. Conventional upper-room UVGI fixtures employ multiple tightly spaced horizontal louvers to confine UV to the upper-room. These louvered fixtures protect occupants in the lower-room from UV-induced eye and skin irritation, but at a major cost to fixture efficiency. By using a lamp and ballast from a conventional upper-room UVGI fixture in the eggcrate UV system, the germicidal efficacy was markedly improved even though the UV radiation emitted by the lamp was unchanged. This fundamental change in the application of upper-room UVGI air disInfection will permit wider, more effective application of UVGI globally to reduce the spread of Airborne Infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
-
the importance of integrated system design for the effectiveness of portable air cleaners in Airborne Infection
2013Co-Authors: T Van Reenen, Edward A. Nardell, Paul A Jensen, F Salie, Jan H GroblerAbstract:Copyright: 2013 The Union. Published in The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, vol. 17(12), pp 92-93
-
Upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) for air disInfection: A symposium in print
Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2013Co-Authors: Richard Vincent, Edward A. Nardell, David H. SlineyAbstract:Upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) has several applications, its most important use is to reduce tuberculosis transmission in high-burden, resource-limited settings, especially those dealing with epidemics of drug-resistant disease. The efficacy of upper-room (UVGI) to reduce the transmission of Airborne Infection in real-world settings is no longer in question. International application (dosing) guidelines are needed, as are safety standards and commissioning procedures. A recent symposium to build consensus on guidelines discussed specifications for affordable UVGI fixture designs, safety, performance, computer-aided design (CAD) for UVGI, maintenance, dosimetry, gonioradiometric measurement and innovation using germicidal LEDs.
-
Airborne Infection theoretical limits of protection achievable by building ventilation
The American review of respiratory disease, 1991Co-Authors: Edward A. Nardell, Joann Keegan, Sally A Cheney, Sue EtkindAbstract:Of 67 office workers 27 (40%) had documented tuberculin skin test conversions after an estimated 4-wk exposure to a coworker with cavitary tuberculosis. Worker complaints for more than 2 yr before the tuberculosis exposure prompted investigations of air quality in the building before and after the tuberculosis exposure. Carbon dioxide concentrations in many parts of the building were found to be above recommended levels, indicating suboptimal ventilation with outdoor air. We applied a mathematical model of Airborne transmission to the data to assess the role of building ventilation and other transmission factors. We estimated that ventilation with outside air averaged about 15 feet3/min (cfm) per occupant, the low end of acceptable ventilation, corresponding to CO2 levels of about 1,000 ppm. The model predicted that at 25 cfm per person 18 workers would have been infected (a 33% reduction) and at 35 cfm, a level considered optimal for comfort, that 13 workers would have been infected (an additional 19% re...
William P Bahnfleth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
simulation and monetization of collateral Airborne Infection risk improvements from ultraviolet germicidal irradiation for coil maintenance
Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Joseph Firrantello, William P BahnflethAbstract:Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation of cooling coils controls biofouling that increases airflow resistance and decreases heat transfer coefficient. Though lower in power than air disInfection systems, coil ultraviolet germicidal irradiation systems should provide some collateral air treatment benefit. This benefit is estimated through monetization of simulated nonfatal illness spread in a group of commercial buildings. Benefits were quantified using appropriate metrics for each building type: work-loss days for office buildings, hospital acquired Infections for healthcare facilities, and disability adjusted life years for schools. The pre-ultraviolet germicidal irradiation annual cost of occupant illness was the same order of magnitude as annual energy cost. Area-normalized cost was similar in magnitude for all buildings. The collateral air disInfection of coil surface ultraviolet germicidal irradiation reduced baseline illness costs by 3.5% or less, but the resulting cost savings exceeded the energy cost ...
-
Simulation and monetization of collateral Airborne Infection risk improvements from ultraviolet germicidal irradiation for coil maintenance
Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Joseph Firrantello, William P BahnflethAbstract:Copyright © 2017 ASHRAE. Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation of cooling coils controls biofouling that increases airflow resistance and decreases heat transfer coefficient. Though lower in power than air disInfection systems, coil ultraviolet germicidal irradiation systems should provide some collateral air treatment benefit. This benefit is estimated through monetization of simulated nonfatal illness spread in a group of commercial buildings. Benefits were quantified using appropriate metrics for each building type: work-loss days for office buildings, hospital acquired Infections for healthcare facilities, and disability adjusted life years for schools. The pre-ultraviolet germicidal irradiation annual cost of occupant illness was the same order of magnitude as annual energy cost. Area-normalized cost was similar in magnitude for all buildings. The collateral air disInfection of coil surface ultraviolet germicidal irradiation reduced baseline illness costs by 3.5% or less, but the resulting cost savings exceeded the energy cost to operate the coil ultraviolet germicidal irradiation systems by as much as a factor of 20. The effectiveness of air cleaning methods already in place, such as ventilation and filtration, directly influences the incremental benefit of additional air cleaning measures.
David H. Sliney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) for air disInfection: A symposium in print
Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2013Co-Authors: Richard Vincent, Edward A. Nardell, David H. SlineyAbstract:Upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) has several applications, its most important use is to reduce tuberculosis transmission in high-burden, resource-limited settings, especially those dealing with epidemics of drug-resistant disease. The efficacy of upper-room (UVGI) to reduce the transmission of Airborne Infection in real-world settings is no longer in question. International application (dosing) guidelines are needed, as are safety standards and commissioning procedures. A recent symposium to build consensus on guidelines discussed specifications for affordable UVGI fixture designs, safety, performance, computer-aided design (CAD) for UVGI, maintenance, dosimetry, gonioradiometric measurement and innovation using germicidal LEDs.
Joseph Firrantello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
simulation and monetization of collateral Airborne Infection risk improvements from ultraviolet germicidal irradiation for coil maintenance
Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Joseph Firrantello, William P BahnflethAbstract:Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation of cooling coils controls biofouling that increases airflow resistance and decreases heat transfer coefficient. Though lower in power than air disInfection systems, coil ultraviolet germicidal irradiation systems should provide some collateral air treatment benefit. This benefit is estimated through monetization of simulated nonfatal illness spread in a group of commercial buildings. Benefits were quantified using appropriate metrics for each building type: work-loss days for office buildings, hospital acquired Infections for healthcare facilities, and disability adjusted life years for schools. The pre-ultraviolet germicidal irradiation annual cost of occupant illness was the same order of magnitude as annual energy cost. Area-normalized cost was similar in magnitude for all buildings. The collateral air disInfection of coil surface ultraviolet germicidal irradiation reduced baseline illness costs by 3.5% or less, but the resulting cost savings exceeded the energy cost ...
-
Simulation and monetization of collateral Airborne Infection risk improvements from ultraviolet germicidal irradiation for coil maintenance
Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Joseph Firrantello, William P BahnflethAbstract:Copyright © 2017 ASHRAE. Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation of cooling coils controls biofouling that increases airflow resistance and decreases heat transfer coefficient. Though lower in power than air disInfection systems, coil ultraviolet germicidal irradiation systems should provide some collateral air treatment benefit. This benefit is estimated through monetization of simulated nonfatal illness spread in a group of commercial buildings. Benefits were quantified using appropriate metrics for each building type: work-loss days for office buildings, hospital acquired Infections for healthcare facilities, and disability adjusted life years for schools. The pre-ultraviolet germicidal irradiation annual cost of occupant illness was the same order of magnitude as annual energy cost. Area-normalized cost was similar in magnitude for all buildings. The collateral air disInfection of coil surface ultraviolet germicidal irradiation reduced baseline illness costs by 3.5% or less, but the resulting cost savings exceeded the energy cost to operate the coil ultraviolet germicidal irradiation systems by as much as a factor of 20. The effectiveness of air cleaning methods already in place, such as ventilation and filtration, directly influences the incremental benefit of additional air cleaning measures.
Esther N Babady - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
evaluation of the xpert mtb rif performance on tissues potential impact on Airborne Infection isolation at a tertiary cancer care center
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 2018Co-Authors: Tracy Mcmillen, Shauna C Usiak, Liang Hua Chen, Luz Gomez, Peter Ntiamoah, Meera Hameed, Indre Budvytiene, Niaz Banaei, Mini Kamboj, Esther N BabadyAbstract:OBJECTIVES In this study, we sought to evaluate the performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid) assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex DNA on fresh and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens from oncology patients in an area with a low prevalence of tuberculosis. We also aimed to retrospectively assess the potential impact of Xpert MTB/RIF on the duration of Airborne Infection isolation (AII). SETTING A 473-bed, tertiary-care cancer center in New York City. DESIGN A total of 203 tissue samples (101 FFPE and 102 fresh) were tested using Xpert MTB/RIF, including 133 pulmonary tissue samples (65.5%) and 70 extrapulmonary tissue samples (34.5%). Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) culture was used as the diagnostic gold standard. The limit of detection (LOD) and reproducibility were also evaluated for both samples types using contrived specimens. The potential impact of the Xpert MTB PCR assay on tissue samples from AII patients on AII duration was retrospectively assessed. RESULTS Using the Xpert MTB/RIF for fresh tissue specimens, the sensitivity was 50% (95% CI, 1.3%–98.7%) and the specificity was 99% (95% CI, 94.5%–99.9%). For FFPE tissue specimens, the sensitivity was 100% (95% CI, 63.1%–100%) and the specificity was 98.3% (95% CI, 95.5%–100%. The LOD was 10 3 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL for both fresh and FFPE tissue specimens, and the Xpert MTB/RIF was 100% reproducible at concentrations 10 times that of the LOD. With an expected turnaround time of 24 hours, the Xpert MTB PCR could decrease the duration of AII from a median of 8 days to a median of 1 day. CONCLUSIONS The Xpert MTB/RIF assay offers a valid option for ruling out Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) on tissue samples from oncology patients and for minimizing AII resource utilization. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:462–466
