Aliphatic Amide

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A. W. Zularisam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Foulant Analyses of Ultrafiltration (UF) Membrane Fouled with Natural Organic Matter (NOM) of Ulu Pontian River and Bekok Dam Reservoir
    Malaysian journal of science, 2008
    Co-Authors: A. W. Zularisam, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Mohd Razman Salim, Mimi Sakinah
    Abstract:

    An autopsy procedure has been carried out on both clean and fouled polysulfone (PSF) UF membranes with prime intention to investigate the relative effect of NOM fouling onto the membrane characteristics and as well as to identify the primary NOM component that possessed the major fouling potential. A PSF membrane has been fouled with feeds of Bekok Dam reservoir and Ulu Pontian river. Results of foulant analyses showed that the membrane was mainly fouled by the organic NOM fraction of hydrophilic character. In fact, the hydrophilic fraction was found to play a more significant role as the primary foulant that were hypothesized to be responsible for the substantial flux decline during membrane water treatment. Comparatively there were distinctive changes in membrane characteristics from the perspective of contact angle, SEM analysis and membrane zeta potential of NOM fouled membrane, thus adequately supporting the evidence of membrane fouling by the responsible foulant. In particular the membrane wetability and surface charge have been found to decrease significantly after being fouled with both NOM source waters, as a matter of fact the Ulu Pontian river showed greater decrement of membrane properties compared to its counterpart the Bekok Dam reservoir. Thus this observation implied that most of the membrane surface has been covered-up by the non-humic component which could possibly be the primary membrane foulant as it was significantly found to adhere most on the membrane surface. ATR-FTIR analysis revealed that hydrophilic components such as the polysaccharides-like substances, alcoholic compounds and Aliphatic Amide of protein groups as the responsible materials covering the membrane surface.

  • fabrication fouling and foulant analyses of asymmetric polysulfone psf ultrafiltration membrane fouled with natural organic matter nom source waters
    Journal of Membrane Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: A. W. Zularisam, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Mohd Razman Salim, Mimi Sakinah, O Hiroaki
    Abstract:

    The fouling behaviours and membrane autopsy protocol for polysulfone (PSF) ultrafiltration membrane fouled with natural organic matter source waters were studied. Samples from Ulu Pontian river which has a relatively hydrophilic NOM source water and Bekok Dam river which has a relatively hydrophobic NOM source water have been used as the case study. Fouling characteristics of the NOM source waters were assessed by filtering the feed water with an immersed hydrophobic PSF ultrafiltration membrane. The asymmetric hollow fiber PSF membrane was spun by a dry–wet phase inversion spinning process. The membrane autopsy protocol was performed to identify the nature of the deposited foulants and their relative effects on membrane characteristics. Results for the relatively hydrophilic NOM source water (Ulu Pontian river) exhibited greater flux decline but lesser NOM removal considerably due to pore adsorption, indicating that the low molecular weight, Aliphatic linear structure and neutral/base organic matter contained within the hydrophilic fraction were the prime foulants. In contrast, relatively hydrophobic NOM source water (Bekok Dam water) that possessed higher charge density, greater molecular weight and bulky aromatic structure has exhibited lesser flux decline and better NOM rejection noticeably due to cake deposition, despite filtering through a hydrophobic membrane, thus suggesting that the electrostatic repulsion was more influential than the steric hindrance mechanisms. In comparison a non-charged model compound (polyethylene glycol) of similar molecular weight was used to quantify the role of electrostatic charge repulsion on NOM rejection. Moreover, analyses on the permeate characteristics revealed that the hydrophobic NOM was preferentially removed by the negatively charged PSF membrane as opposed to the hydrophilic NOM, hence, suggesting that the charge interactions, in addition to size exclusion were more crucial to NOM removal. The membrane autopsies analyses confirmed the flux decline results and permeate analyses as the filtered-membrane was mainly fouled by the hydrophilic NOM components rather than humic compounds. Distinctive changes were observed in membrane characteristics in terms of ionizable functional groups, membrane wettability and zeta potential. ATR-FTIR analysis revealed that hydrophilic components such as the polysaccharides-like substances, alcoholic compounds and Aliphatic Amide of protein groups as the responsible materials covering the membrane surface. Morphological analyses using SEM indicated different fouling mechanisms occur for both NOM sources associated with differences in the relative NOM constituent distributions, NOM structural variations and NOM removal mechanisms.

  • Understanding of fouling in low pressure UF membrane filtration by natural organic matter (NOM): a perspective of Ulu Pontian river and Bekok Dam water
    2007
    Co-Authors: A. W. Zularisam, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Mohd Razman Salim, Mimi Sakinah A. M.
    Abstract:

    Samples from Ulu Pontian river which has a relatively hydrophilic NOM source water and Bekok Dam river which has a relatively hydrophobic NOM source water have been used for fouling behaviors analyses and membrane autopsy protocol. Ulu Pontian river has shown greater fouling potential and higher flux decline but lesser NOM removal than the Bekok Dam water, suggesting. that differences in molecular weight distribution, structural, functionality and hydrophilicity/hydrophobocity between the two NOM sources played primary roles in governing the fouling mechanisms of ultrafiltration membrane. Moreover the membrane autopsies analyses confirmed the flux decline results and permeate analyses as the filtered membrane was mainly fouled by the hydrophilic NOM components such as the polysaccharides-like substances, alcoholic compounds and Aliphatic Amide of protein groups rather than humic compounds.

Yan Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Investigation on interfacial/surface properties of bio-based surfactant N-Aliphatic Amide-N,N-diethoxypropylsulfonate sodium as an oil displacement agent regenerated from waste cooking oil
    Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2016
    Co-Authors: Yan Zhang, Qing You, Fu Yang, Mingwei Zhao, Hongfu Fan, Yifei Liu, Caili Dai
    Abstract:

    Abstract To regenerate the non-edible waste cooking oil and significantly reduce the negative effect on human being and the environment, a bio-based nonionic-anionic amphoteric sulfonate type surfactant with excellent interfacial and surface properties was synthesized. The interfacial tensions between crude oil and water can reach up to an ultralow value as 0.0040 mN·m − 1 without additives. With dynamic light scattering and surface tension, micelles formed by N -Aliphatic Amide- N , N -diethoxypropylsulfonate bio-based surfactant were studied. This work also systematically investigated the surface activity, adsorption behavior, and thermodynamic parameters (Δ G m 0 , Δ G ads 0 , Δ H m 0 , Δ S m 0 , Δ H m A , Δ C p,m 0 ) of micellization. According to the experimental results, it can be seen that the bio-based surfactant has an excellent surface activity, besides, the micelle formation is entropy and enthalpy co-driven at 25–45 °C. Dynamic light scattering also illustrated the micelle formation. Through this research work, we expect to gain some insights into the phase behaviors of this bio-based surfactant and broaden its great potential oilfield application in enhanced oil recovery.

  • investigation on interfacial surface properties of bio based surfactant n Aliphatic Amide n n diethoxypropylsulfonate sodium as an oil displacement agent regenerated from waste cooking oil
    Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2016
    Co-Authors: Yan Zhang, Qing You, Mingwei Zhao, Hongfu Fan, Yifei Liu, Caili Dai
    Abstract:

    Abstract To regenerate the non-edible waste cooking oil and significantly reduce the negative effect on human being and the environment, a bio-based nonionic-anionic amphoteric sulfonate type surfactant with excellent interfacial and surface properties was synthesized. The interfacial tensions between crude oil and water can reach up to an ultralow value as 0.0040 mN·m − 1 without additives. With dynamic light scattering and surface tension, micelles formed by N -Aliphatic Amide- N , N -diethoxypropylsulfonate bio-based surfactant were studied. This work also systematically investigated the surface activity, adsorption behavior, and thermodynamic parameters (Δ G m 0 , Δ G ads 0 , Δ H m 0 , Δ S m 0 , Δ H m A , Δ C p,m 0 ) of micellization. According to the experimental results, it can be seen that the bio-based surfactant has an excellent surface activity, besides, the micelle formation is entropy and enthalpy co-driven at 25–45 °C. Dynamic light scattering also illustrated the micelle formation. Through this research work, we expect to gain some insights into the phase behaviors of this bio-based surfactant and broaden its great potential oilfield application in enhanced oil recovery.

Caili Dai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Investigation on interfacial/surface properties of bio-based surfactant N-Aliphatic Amide-N,N-diethoxypropylsulfonate sodium as an oil displacement agent regenerated from waste cooking oil
    Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2016
    Co-Authors: Yan Zhang, Qing You, Fu Yang, Mingwei Zhao, Hongfu Fan, Yifei Liu, Caili Dai
    Abstract:

    Abstract To regenerate the non-edible waste cooking oil and significantly reduce the negative effect on human being and the environment, a bio-based nonionic-anionic amphoteric sulfonate type surfactant with excellent interfacial and surface properties was synthesized. The interfacial tensions between crude oil and water can reach up to an ultralow value as 0.0040 mN·m − 1 without additives. With dynamic light scattering and surface tension, micelles formed by N -Aliphatic Amide- N , N -diethoxypropylsulfonate bio-based surfactant were studied. This work also systematically investigated the surface activity, adsorption behavior, and thermodynamic parameters (Δ G m 0 , Δ G ads 0 , Δ H m 0 , Δ S m 0 , Δ H m A , Δ C p,m 0 ) of micellization. According to the experimental results, it can be seen that the bio-based surfactant has an excellent surface activity, besides, the micelle formation is entropy and enthalpy co-driven at 25–45 °C. Dynamic light scattering also illustrated the micelle formation. Through this research work, we expect to gain some insights into the phase behaviors of this bio-based surfactant and broaden its great potential oilfield application in enhanced oil recovery.

  • investigation on interfacial surface properties of bio based surfactant n Aliphatic Amide n n diethoxypropylsulfonate sodium as an oil displacement agent regenerated from waste cooking oil
    Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2016
    Co-Authors: Yan Zhang, Qing You, Mingwei Zhao, Hongfu Fan, Yifei Liu, Caili Dai
    Abstract:

    Abstract To regenerate the non-edible waste cooking oil and significantly reduce the negative effect on human being and the environment, a bio-based nonionic-anionic amphoteric sulfonate type surfactant with excellent interfacial and surface properties was synthesized. The interfacial tensions between crude oil and water can reach up to an ultralow value as 0.0040 mN·m − 1 without additives. With dynamic light scattering and surface tension, micelles formed by N -Aliphatic Amide- N , N -diethoxypropylsulfonate bio-based surfactant were studied. This work also systematically investigated the surface activity, adsorption behavior, and thermodynamic parameters (Δ G m 0 , Δ G ads 0 , Δ H m 0 , Δ S m 0 , Δ H m A , Δ C p,m 0 ) of micellization. According to the experimental results, it can be seen that the bio-based surfactant has an excellent surface activity, besides, the micelle formation is entropy and enthalpy co-driven at 25–45 °C. Dynamic light scattering also illustrated the micelle formation. Through this research work, we expect to gain some insights into the phase behaviors of this bio-based surfactant and broaden its great potential oilfield application in enhanced oil recovery.

Neil K. Garg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Nickel-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling of Aliphatic Amides.
    ACS Catalysis, 2017
    Co-Authors: Timothy B. Boit, Nicholas A. Weires, Junyong Kim, Neil K. Garg
    Abstract:

    We report the Ni-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of Aliphatic Amide derivatives. Prior studies have shown that Aliphatic Amide derivatives can undergo Ni-catalyzed carbon–heteroatom bond formation but that Ni-mediated C–C bond formation using Aliphatic Amide derivatives has remained difficult. The coupling disclosed herein is tolerant of considerable variation with respect to both the Amide-based substrate and the boronate coupling partner and proceeds in the presence of heterocycles and epimerizable stereocenters. Moreover, a gram-scale Suzuki–Miyaura coupling/Fischer indolization sequence demonstrates the ease with which unique polyheterocyclic scaffolds can be constructed, particularly by taking advantage of the enolizable ketone functionality present in the cross-coupled product. The methodology provides an efficient means to form C–C bonds from Aliphatic Amide derivatives using nonprecious-metal catalysis and offers a general platform for the heteroarylation of Aliphatic acyl electrophiles.

  • nickel catalyzed transamidation of Aliphatic Amide derivatives
    Chemical Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jacob E Dander, Emma L Baker, Neil K. Garg
    Abstract:

    Transamidation, or the conversion of one Amide to another, is a long-standing challenge in organic synthesis. Although notable progress has been made in the transamidation of primary Amides, the transamidation of secondary Amides has remained underdeveloped, especially when considering Aliphatic substrates. Herein, we report a two-step approach to achieve the transamidation of secondary Aliphatic Amides, which relies on non-precious metal catalysis. The method involves initial Boc-functionalization of secondary Amide substrates to weaken the Amide C–N bond. Subsequent treatment with a nickel catalyst, in the presence of an appropriate amine coupling partner, then delivers the net transamidated products. The transformation proceeds in synthetically useful yields across a range of substrates. A series of competition experiments delineate selectivity patterns that should influence future synthetic design. Moreover, the transamidation of Boc-activated secondary Amide derivatives bearing epimerizable stereocenters underscores the mildness and synthetic utility of this methodology. This study provides the most general solution to the classic problem of secondary Amide transamidation reported to date.

Jacob E Dander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • nickel catalyzed transamidation of Aliphatic Amide derivatives
    Chemical Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jacob E Dander, Emma L Baker, Neil K. Garg
    Abstract:

    Transamidation, or the conversion of one Amide to another, is a long-standing challenge in organic synthesis. Although notable progress has been made in the transamidation of primary Amides, the transamidation of secondary Amides has remained underdeveloped, especially when considering Aliphatic substrates. Herein, we report a two-step approach to achieve the transamidation of secondary Aliphatic Amides, which relies on non-precious metal catalysis. The method involves initial Boc-functionalization of secondary Amide substrates to weaken the Amide C–N bond. Subsequent treatment with a nickel catalyst, in the presence of an appropriate amine coupling partner, then delivers the net transamidated products. The transformation proceeds in synthetically useful yields across a range of substrates. A series of competition experiments delineate selectivity patterns that should influence future synthetic design. Moreover, the transamidation of Boc-activated secondary Amide derivatives bearing epimerizable stereocenters underscores the mildness and synthetic utility of this methodology. This study provides the most general solution to the classic problem of secondary Amide transamidation reported to date.