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Hiroshi Fujishima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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airborne particulate matter pm2 5 and the prevalence of Allergic Conjunctivitis in japan
Science of The Total Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Tatsuya Mimura, Hiroshi Fujishima, Takamichi Ichinose, Satoru Yamagami, Yuko Kamei, Mari Goto, Sachiko Takada, Masao MatsubaraAbstract:Abstract Objective Exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) is associated with asthma and respiratory symptoms, but little is known about the influence of PM2.5 on Allergic Conjunctivitis. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of PM2.5 with outpatient attendance for Allergic Conjunctivitis. Methods We conducted a time-series analysis of the association between outpatient attendance for Allergic Conjunctivitis and PM2.5 levels from May to July (non-pollen season) and from August to October (the autumnal pollen season) in 2012. Air pollution data (including the levels of PM2.5, oxidants, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, methane, non-methane hydrocarbons, and total hydrocarbons) and data on the daily weather conditions (temperature, wind speed, and humidity) were collected at a centrally located monitoring station in Tokyo. We calculated weekly average values for the daily number of outpatient visits, as well as the air pollution and weather data, and used the weekly average values for analysis. Results There was a significant association between the number of outpatient visits for Allergic Conjunctivitis and the PM2.5 level (r = 0.62, p = 0.0177) from May to July, while no correlation was found between the number of outpatient visits and any variable assessed from August to November. Multivariate analysis also showed that PM2.5 was a significant predictor of the number of outpatient visits from May to July (odds ratio = 9.05, p = 0.0463), while there were no significant predictors of the number of outpatient visits from August to October. From May to July, PM2.5 showed a negative correlation with humidity (r = − 0.53, p = 0.0499). Conclusions These findings suggest a possible role of PM2.5 in the development of Allergic Conjunctivitis during the non-pollen season. This association between PM2.5 and Allergic Conjunctivitis may have broad public health implications in relation to Allergic diseases.
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Measurement of IL-4 in tears of patients with seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis and vernal keratoConjunctivitis
Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 2008Co-Authors: Hiroshi Fujishima, Ichiro Saito, Tsutomu Takeuchi, Naoshi Shinozaki, Kazuo TsubotaAbstract:To elucidate the mechanism of ocular surface Allergic disease, we focused on IL-4, which is one of the key factors in regulating IgE production, and thus determined the concentration of IL-4 in tears. IL-4 concentration was determined in the tears of 15 patients with seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis, 15 vernal keratoConjunctivitis (VKC), 10 giant papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC), 10 patients with non-Allergic Conjunctivitis and post-cataract surgical Conjunctivitis as intermediate Conjunctivitis, and 10 normal subjects using a highly sensitive sandwich ELISA. The mean level of IL-4 in normal controls was low, and seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis, VKC and GPC showed a significant elevation (P < 0.05), respectively. IL-4 of VKC and GPC were also significantly higher than Allergic Conjunctivitis, and non-Allergic Conjunctivitis and post-cataract surgical Conjunctivitis were not higher than normal. These results raise the possibility that the increased level of IL-4 in tears could play a role in Allergic disease and its severity in patients.
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The Early Efficacy of Topical Levocabastine in Patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis
Allergology International, 2006Co-Authors: Hiroshi Fujishima, Eiichi Uchio, Atsuki Fukushima, Kazumi Fukagawa, Yoji Takano, Shigeki Okamoto, Yayoi Nakagawa, Norihiko Yokoi, Etsuko TakamuraAbstract:Background: We investigated the early efficacy of topical levocabastine, an H1 histamine-receptor antagonist, in improving the clinical symptoms of Allergic Conjunctivitis. Methods: Thirty-six patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis were enrolled. One drop of levocabastine was instilled in one eye and one drop of artificial tears in the contralateral eye. Clinical examinations were performed before, and 15 and 30 minutes after instillation. Symptoms of itching and signs of injection were assessed at each time point. Results: Both levocabastine and artificial tears resulted in a statistically significant reduction in ocular itching. However, levocabastine was significantly more effective. Conclusions: Although artificial tears had a positive effect in reducing symptoms of Allergic Conjunctivitis, by the washing out of allergens, levocabastine was more effective than artificial tears in controlling acute symptoms of Allergic Conjunctivitis, demonstrating that the selective H1 histamine-receptor antagonist action of levocabastine is rapidly effective in a clinical setting.
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Allergic Conjunctivitis and dry eye
British Journal of Ophthalmology, 1996Co-Authors: Hiroshi Fujishima, Ikuko Toda, Jun Shimazaki, Kazuo TsubotaAbstract:AIMS: Differential diagnosis of Allergic Conjunctivitis or dry eye is sometimes very difficult to diagnose by symptoms and clinical examination alone, especially in older patients. It was hypothesised that clinically Allergic patients who were serum antigen specific IgE negative were candidates for dry eye. METHODS: Sixty patients were studied prospectively who were clinically diagnosed with Allergic Conjunctivitis by their itchy sensation and papilla formation of conjunctiva. They consisted of 30 serum antigen specific IgE positive and 30 IgE negative patients, with no significant differences in age. Dry eye examination and serum total IgE were performed on these two groups. RESULTS: No significant differences were seen between the two groups with regard to age (p = 0.76) and sex ratio. The antibody negative group had lower Schirmer's test scores (p = 0.002), lower tear clearance (p = 0.0001), lower tear function index (p = 0.0001), and lower serum total IgE (p = 0.04) than the antibody positive group. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the evaluation of serum antigen specific IgE and tear dynamics are important for the differential diagnosis of patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis and dry eye. Clinically diagnosed Allergic Conjunctivitis with negative serum antigen specific and total IgE can be one form of dry eye.
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Allergic Conjunctivitis anddryeye
1996Co-Authors: Hiroshi FujishimaAbstract:Aims-Differential diagnosis ofAllergic Conjunctivitis ordryeyeissometimes verydifficult todiagnose bysymptoms andclinical examination alone, especially inolder patients. Itwashypothesised that clinically Allergic patients who were serumantigen specific IgEnegative were candidates fordryeye. Methods-Sixty patients were studied prospectively who wereclinically diagnosedwithAllergic Conjunctivitis bytheir itchy sensation andpapilla formation of conjunctiva. Theyconsisted of30serum antigen specific IgEpositive and30IgE negative patients, withnosignificant differences inage.Dryeyeexamination and serumtotal IgEwereperformed onthese twogroups. Results-No significant differences were seenbetween thetwogroupswithregard toage(p=0.76) andsexratio. Theantibody negative grouphadlowerSchirmer's test scores(p=0.002), lowertearclearance (p=0.0001), lowertearfunction index (p=0.0001), andlowerserumtotalIgE (p=0.04) thantheantibody positive group. Conclusion-This studysuggests thatthe evaluation ofserumantigen specific IgE andteardynamics areimportant forthe differential diagnosis of patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis anddryeye.Clinicallydiagnosed Allergic Conjunctivitis withnegative serumantigen specific and total IgEcanbeoneformofdryeye.
Kazuo Tsubota - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Measurement of IL-4 in tears of patients with seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis and vernal keratoConjunctivitis
Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 2008Co-Authors: Hiroshi Fujishima, Ichiro Saito, Tsutomu Takeuchi, Naoshi Shinozaki, Kazuo TsubotaAbstract:To elucidate the mechanism of ocular surface Allergic disease, we focused on IL-4, which is one of the key factors in regulating IgE production, and thus determined the concentration of IL-4 in tears. IL-4 concentration was determined in the tears of 15 patients with seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis, 15 vernal keratoConjunctivitis (VKC), 10 giant papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC), 10 patients with non-Allergic Conjunctivitis and post-cataract surgical Conjunctivitis as intermediate Conjunctivitis, and 10 normal subjects using a highly sensitive sandwich ELISA. The mean level of IL-4 in normal controls was low, and seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis, VKC and GPC showed a significant elevation (P < 0.05), respectively. IL-4 of VKC and GPC were also significantly higher than Allergic Conjunctivitis, and non-Allergic Conjunctivitis and post-cataract surgical Conjunctivitis were not higher than normal. These results raise the possibility that the increased level of IL-4 in tears could play a role in Allergic disease and its severity in patients.
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Allergic Conjunctivitis and dry eye
British Journal of Ophthalmology, 1996Co-Authors: Hiroshi Fujishima, Ikuko Toda, Jun Shimazaki, Kazuo TsubotaAbstract:AIMS: Differential diagnosis of Allergic Conjunctivitis or dry eye is sometimes very difficult to diagnose by symptoms and clinical examination alone, especially in older patients. It was hypothesised that clinically Allergic patients who were serum antigen specific IgE negative were candidates for dry eye. METHODS: Sixty patients were studied prospectively who were clinically diagnosed with Allergic Conjunctivitis by their itchy sensation and papilla formation of conjunctiva. They consisted of 30 serum antigen specific IgE positive and 30 IgE negative patients, with no significant differences in age. Dry eye examination and serum total IgE were performed on these two groups. RESULTS: No significant differences were seen between the two groups with regard to age (p = 0.76) and sex ratio. The antibody negative group had lower Schirmer's test scores (p = 0.002), lower tear clearance (p = 0.0001), lower tear function index (p = 0.0001), and lower serum total IgE (p = 0.04) than the antibody positive group. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the evaluation of serum antigen specific IgE and tear dynamics are important for the differential diagnosis of patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis and dry eye. Clinically diagnosed Allergic Conjunctivitis with negative serum antigen specific and total IgE can be one form of dry eye.
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Respiratory syncytial virus and Allergic Conjunctivitis.
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1995Co-Authors: Hiroshi Fujishima, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Ichiro Saito, Kazuo TsubotaAbstract:Abstract The pathogenesis of Allergic Conjunctivitis is largely conjectural. We investigated the possible involvement of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a ubiquitous respiratory pathogen, in the development of Allergic Conjunctivitis through immune mechanisms. A new technique of brush cytology was used to obtain conjunctival cells from 30 patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis and 20 control subjects. Samples were assayed for the presence of RSV sequences with the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and the nested polymerase chain reaction. Specific primers and inner primers were synthesized on the basis of RNA sequences previously identified. RSV sequences were detected in 7 of 30 (23%) patient samples and 1 of 20 (5%) control samples. Our results proved that polymerase chain reaction could detect RSV sequences in conjunctival samples. RSV may be a significant pathogenic factor in Allergic Conjunctivitis. (J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL 1995;95:663-7.)
Leonard Bielory - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an algorithm for the management of Allergic Conjunctivitis
Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, 2013Co-Authors: Leonard Bielory, Eli O Meltzer, Kelly K Nichols, Ron Melton, Randall K Thomas, Jimmy D BartlettAbstract:Abstract Allergic Conjunctivitis has been reported to be increasing in prevalence in the United States. It significantly impacts patient quality of life and reduces their productivity. It has been noted that nasal and ocular symptoms are equally bothersome in the majority of patients. Despite the development of new therapeutic interventions, ocular allergy is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. This article outlines current best practices regarding diagnosis and treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis; suggests criteria for referral to a colleague with different expertise; and provides an algorithm for step recommendations including treatment with antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, corticosteroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and immunotherapy.
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Epidemiology of Allergic Conjunctivitis.
Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2011Co-Authors: Nelson Rosario, Leonard BieloryAbstract:Purpose of reviewTo describe currently available epidemiological data on the prevalence of Allergic Conjunctivitis. Allergic Conjunctivitis is often underdiagnosed and consequently undertreated except when it is severe and the chief complaint of a consultation in a specialty clinic. Use of healthcar
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Treatment of seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis with ophthalmic corticosteroids: in search of the perfect ocular corticosteroids in the treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis.
Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2010Co-Authors: Brett P. Bielory, Victor L. Perez, Leonard BieloryAbstract:Purpose of reviewCorticosteroids are an effective short-term treatment option for seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis (SAC). Their use has been limited due to their side effects and has led to the development of modified ‘soft’, ‘smart’ ophthalmic corticosteroid formulations that retain their anti-infl
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Allergic Conjunctivitis and the impact of Allergic rhinitis
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 2010Co-Authors: Leonard BieloryAbstract:Although nasal allergy has been prominent in allergy research, ocular allergy is increasingly recognized as a distinct symptom complex that imposes its own disease burden and reduction in patients’ quality of life. In the past year, knowledge of the relationships between Allergic Conjunctivitis and Allergic rhinitis has increased. Allergic Conjunctivitis is highly prevalent and has a close epidemiologic relationship with Allergic rhinitis. Both conditions also exhibit similar pathophysiologic mechanisms. Pathways of communication are thought to increase the likelihood of an inflammatory reaction at both sites following allergen exposure of nasal or ocular tissue. Clinical trials of intranasal therapies have demonstrated efficacy in Allergic Conjunctivitis and rhinitis. Newer intranasal steroids decrease ocular symptoms, potentially achieving efficacy by suppressing the naso-ocular reflex, downregulation of inflammatory cell expression, or restoration of nasolacrimal duct patency. Proposed pathophysiologic interactions between Allergic rhinitis and ocular allergy underscore the need for therapies with efficacy in both symptom sets.
Alissa M Coyne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Update and clinical utility of alcaftadine ophthalmic solution 0.25% in the treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis
Clinical Ophthalmology, 2015Co-Authors: Degaulle I. Chigbu, Alissa M CoyneAbstract:Allergic disorders of the ocular surface are primarily characterized as IgE- and/or T-lymphocyte-mediated disorders that affect the cornea, conjunctiva, and eyelid. Approximately 40% of individuals in the developed countries have Allergic Conjunctivitis, and as such, it is the most common form of ocular allergy. Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis is the most prevalent type of Allergic Conjunctivitis that impacts the quality of life of patients. This article reviews the pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, clinical efficacy, and safety of alcaftadine. Histamine and the pathological mechanism of ocular allergy will be briefly reviewed with the intent of providing a background for the detailed discussion on the clinical utility of alcaftadine in Allergic Conjunctivitis. The Medline PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were used to search for evidence-based literature on histamine and immunopathological mechanism of Allergic Conjunctivitis, as well as on pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, and clinical efficacy of alcaftadine. The treatment and management goals of Allergic Conjunctivitis are to prevent or minimize the inflammatory cascade associated with Allergic response in the early stages of the pathological mechanism. It is of note that activation of histamine receptors on immune and nonimmune cells are associated with allergen-induced inflammation of the conjunctiva and its associated ocular Allergic manifestations, including itching, edema, hyperemia, and tearing. Alcaftadine is an efficacious multiple action antiAllergic therapeutic agent with inverse agonist activity on H1, H2, and H4 receptors, as well as anti-inflammatory and mast cell stabilizing effects that could provide therapeutic benefits to patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis.
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update and clinical utility of alcaftadine ophthalmic solution 0 25 in the treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis
Clinical Ophthalmology, 2015Co-Authors: Degaulle I. Chigbu, Alissa M CoyneAbstract:Allergic disorders of the ocular surface are primarily characterized as IgE- and/or T-lymphocyte-mediated disorders that affect the cornea, conjunctiva, and eyelid. Approximately 40% of individuals in the developed countries have Allergic Conjunctivitis, and as such, it is the most common form of ocular allergy. Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis is the most prevalent type of Allergic Conjunctivitis that impacts the quality of life of patients. This article reviews the pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, clinical efficacy, and safety of alcaftadine. Histamine and the pathological mechanism of ocular allergy will be briefly reviewed with the intent of providing a background for the detailed discussion on the clinical utility of alcaftadine in Allergic Conjunctivitis. The Medline PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were used to search for evidence-based literature on histamine and immunopathological mechanism of Allergic Conjunctivitis, as well as on pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, and clinical efficacy of alcaftadine. The treatment and management goals of Allergic Conjunctivitis are to prevent or minimize the inflammatory cascade associated with Allergic response in the early stages of the pathological mechanism. It is of note that activation of histamine receptors on immune and nonimmune cells are associated with allergen-induced inflammation of the conjunctiva and its associated ocular Allergic manifestations, including itching, edema, hyperemia, and tearing. Alcaftadine is an efficacious multiple action antiAllergic therapeutic agent with inverse agonist activity on H1, H2, and H4 receptors, as well as anti-inflammatory and mast cell stabilizing effects that could provide therapeutic benefits to patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis.
Degaulle I. Chigbu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Update and clinical utility of alcaftadine ophthalmic solution 0.25% in the treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis
Clinical Ophthalmology, 2015Co-Authors: Degaulle I. Chigbu, Alissa M CoyneAbstract:Allergic disorders of the ocular surface are primarily characterized as IgE- and/or T-lymphocyte-mediated disorders that affect the cornea, conjunctiva, and eyelid. Approximately 40% of individuals in the developed countries have Allergic Conjunctivitis, and as such, it is the most common form of ocular allergy. Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis is the most prevalent type of Allergic Conjunctivitis that impacts the quality of life of patients. This article reviews the pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, clinical efficacy, and safety of alcaftadine. Histamine and the pathological mechanism of ocular allergy will be briefly reviewed with the intent of providing a background for the detailed discussion on the clinical utility of alcaftadine in Allergic Conjunctivitis. The Medline PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were used to search for evidence-based literature on histamine and immunopathological mechanism of Allergic Conjunctivitis, as well as on pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, and clinical efficacy of alcaftadine. The treatment and management goals of Allergic Conjunctivitis are to prevent or minimize the inflammatory cascade associated with Allergic response in the early stages of the pathological mechanism. It is of note that activation of histamine receptors on immune and nonimmune cells are associated with allergen-induced inflammation of the conjunctiva and its associated ocular Allergic manifestations, including itching, edema, hyperemia, and tearing. Alcaftadine is an efficacious multiple action antiAllergic therapeutic agent with inverse agonist activity on H1, H2, and H4 receptors, as well as anti-inflammatory and mast cell stabilizing effects that could provide therapeutic benefits to patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis.
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update and clinical utility of alcaftadine ophthalmic solution 0 25 in the treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis
Clinical Ophthalmology, 2015Co-Authors: Degaulle I. Chigbu, Alissa M CoyneAbstract:Allergic disorders of the ocular surface are primarily characterized as IgE- and/or T-lymphocyte-mediated disorders that affect the cornea, conjunctiva, and eyelid. Approximately 40% of individuals in the developed countries have Allergic Conjunctivitis, and as such, it is the most common form of ocular allergy. Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis is the most prevalent type of Allergic Conjunctivitis that impacts the quality of life of patients. This article reviews the pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, clinical efficacy, and safety of alcaftadine. Histamine and the pathological mechanism of ocular allergy will be briefly reviewed with the intent of providing a background for the detailed discussion on the clinical utility of alcaftadine in Allergic Conjunctivitis. The Medline PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were used to search for evidence-based literature on histamine and immunopathological mechanism of Allergic Conjunctivitis, as well as on pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, and clinical efficacy of alcaftadine. The treatment and management goals of Allergic Conjunctivitis are to prevent or minimize the inflammatory cascade associated with Allergic response in the early stages of the pathological mechanism. It is of note that activation of histamine receptors on immune and nonimmune cells are associated with allergen-induced inflammation of the conjunctiva and its associated ocular Allergic manifestations, including itching, edema, hyperemia, and tearing. Alcaftadine is an efficacious multiple action antiAllergic therapeutic agent with inverse agonist activity on H1, H2, and H4 receptors, as well as anti-inflammatory and mast cell stabilizing effects that could provide therapeutic benefits to patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis.
