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Michel Cabanac - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evidence that transient nicotine lowers the body weight set point.
Physiology & behavior, 2020Co-Authors: Michel Cabanac, Patrick FrankhamAbstract:Smokers usually gain weight when they quit smoking. The present work explores the hypothesis according to which such a rise is a behavioral response to a raised body weight set point taking place when nicotine is eliminated from the body. The human body weight set point was assessed with classical behavioral and psychophysical methods, from the delay to experience negative Alliesthesia when repeatedly ingesting sweet stimuli. Seven habitual smokers were tested once before lunch, after smoking (nonabstinent) as usual and once again after refraining from smoking (abstinent). Three additional nicotine-naive subjects were tested under the same procedure after receiving at 0730 h in the morning a transdermal nicotine patch (14 mg) or a placebo patch. Two of the subjects also received nicotine (7 mg) for a third session. Oral and transdermal administration of nicotine did not decrease the initial pleasure or modify the initial palatability of eating sweet stimuli, but significantly accelerated the following onset of self-reported displeasure (negative Alliesthesia) aroused by repeated ingestion of sweet stimuli. These results are understood as an acute lowering of the body weight set point by nicotine. The body weight gain taking place after quitting smoking may, therefore, be explained by the removal of the lowering of the body weight set point induced by nicotine.
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Antipsychotic drug and body weight set-point.
Physiology & Behavior, 2008Co-Authors: Yasser Khazaal, Anne Chatton, Fabian Claeys, Farfalla Ribordy, Daniele Fabio Zullino, Michel CabanacAbstract:OBJECTIVE: Antipsychotic (AP) drugs frequently induce weight gain. The present study aimed at exploring a potential association between antipsychotic-induced weight gain and delayed negative Alliesthesia for sweet stimuli. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The study aimed at recruiting patients undergoing AP treatment, half of them with stable weight and the other half with documented weight gain. Negative Alliesthesia to sweet stimuli was assessed through a specific procedure. RESULTS: A multivariate regression of the data obtained from the entire sample was performed to establish the relationship between Alliesthesia dependent variables and weight gain as a predictor. The overall F statistic shows that there was a significant association between delayed negative Alliesthesia for sweet stimuli and weight gain. CONCLUSION: Atypical antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain seems to result from a raised body weight set-point.
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Alliesthesia in visual and auditory sensations from environmental signals
Physiology & Behavior, 2007Co-Authors: Laurent Brondel, Michel CabanacAbstract:Abstract ‘Alliesthesia’ describes the fact that sensory stimuli can arouse pleasant or unpleasant sensations according to the internal state of a person. In the present work, the hedonicity aroused by stimuli from the environment in visual and auditory sensations was evaluated in 5 situations: 1) daytime without sensory stimulations (no video-tape); 2) daytime with poor sensory stimulations (uninteresting video-tape film); 3) daytime with rich sensory stimulations (interesting chosen movie on video-tape); 4) night-time without sensory stimulations (no video-tape); 5) night-time with poor sensory stimulations (uninteresting video-tape). During the day, hedonic ratings decreased with time in the no- and uninteresting video-tape film conditions ( p p p p r = 0.541 and r = − 0.593; p
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Body Weight and Satiation after Duodenal Switch: 2 Years Later
Obesity Surgery, 2007Co-Authors: Sebastien Paradis, Michel Cabanac, Picard Marceau, Patrick FrankhamAbstract:Background The authors investigated body weight, satiation, and gustative pleasure of obese patients 2 years after a bariatric operation: the biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (DS). Methods 9 operated patients, 10 unoperated nonobese and 10 unoperated obese persons participated in the “Alliesthesia (food distaste) test– This test is a psychometric assessment of satiation resulting from the pleasure or displeasure following the repeated ingestion of a sweet stimulus. Operated patients also participated in the test before the DS operation. Results 2 years after DS, patients had lost 50% of their body weight and their BMI was rendered similar to that of the non-obese control group. Their satiation was faster than in control and unoperated obese patients. The responses of control and unoperated obese patients were identical to those of pre-surgery operated patients. Conclusion This indicates that at the time of the experiment, patients–actual body weight was higher than their body weight set-point and that they would be likely to continue to lose weight, at least beyond 2 years.
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Diet induced weight loss accelerates onset of negative Alliesthesia in obese women
BMC Public Health, 2005Co-Authors: Patrick Frankham, Caroline Gosselin, Michel CabanacAbstract:Background The physiological and behavioral responses to hypocaloric diet are to increase energy intake to defend a steady body weight. We utilized the method of "negative Alliesthesia" for measuring the hedonic reponse to sweet stimulus before (Initial session) and 3 months after entering a weight loss program. The negative Alliesthesia test is known by physiologists but few clinical data exist. It is based on the observation that repeated pleasant gustatory stimuli turn into unpleasantness in the process of Alliesthesia. At first visit participants repeatedly ingested sweet stimuli until they found them unpleasant and rated quantitatively on a linear analogue scale their hedonic experience. This procedure was repeated every 3 min until participants felt displeasure to end the session. The same protocol was followed after three months of following a weight loss diet. Dieting energy intake was from 1400 – 2000 kcal/d for 8 wk. Energy composition was 50% carb:25% prot: 25% lipid. After 8 wk caloric intake increased by 50 kcal/wk, to reach daily intake of 1800 – 2400 kcal/d. Energy composition was 50% carb:22% prot: 27% lipid. We report results on the effect of slow weight loss on negative Alliesthesia in ten obese female participants enrolled in a commercial diet program based on Canada's Food Guide (Mincavi^®). Results Results showed that diet lowered the mean BMI (Initial session 36.8 +/- 1.8 vs. 3 mo 34.9 +/- 1.8 kg/m^2). At 3 mo the onset of negative Alliesthesia, time to abandon experimental session, was shortened (Initial session 33 vs. 3 mo 24 min). The same trend was observed in the time to reach indifference (Initial session 21.9 +/- 3.8 vs. 3 mo 16.2 +/-2.4 min). There was no observed difference in maximum (Initial session +79.5 +/- 11.7; 3 mo +94.5 +/- 9.9 mm) and minimum (Initial session -90.0 +/- 14.4; 3 mo -106 +/- 11.1 mm) hedonic rating. Conclusion Earlier onset of negative Alliesthesia, as seen in our participants, is not consistent with previous hedonic studies that showed delayed or absent negative Alliesthesia in participants when below their initial body weight. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the accelerated onset of negative Alliesthesia observed in our obese participants after weight loss is suggestive of a lowered body weight set-point. Factors inherent to the weight loss diet studied here, such as mild energetic restriction, lowered palatability, and diet composition, may have played a role in this experimental outcome.
Patrick Frankham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evidence that transient nicotine lowers the body weight set point.
Physiology & behavior, 2020Co-Authors: Michel Cabanac, Patrick FrankhamAbstract:Smokers usually gain weight when they quit smoking. The present work explores the hypothesis according to which such a rise is a behavioral response to a raised body weight set point taking place when nicotine is eliminated from the body. The human body weight set point was assessed with classical behavioral and psychophysical methods, from the delay to experience negative Alliesthesia when repeatedly ingesting sweet stimuli. Seven habitual smokers were tested once before lunch, after smoking (nonabstinent) as usual and once again after refraining from smoking (abstinent). Three additional nicotine-naive subjects were tested under the same procedure after receiving at 0730 h in the morning a transdermal nicotine patch (14 mg) or a placebo patch. Two of the subjects also received nicotine (7 mg) for a third session. Oral and transdermal administration of nicotine did not decrease the initial pleasure or modify the initial palatability of eating sweet stimuli, but significantly accelerated the following onset of self-reported displeasure (negative Alliesthesia) aroused by repeated ingestion of sweet stimuli. These results are understood as an acute lowering of the body weight set point by nicotine. The body weight gain taking place after quitting smoking may, therefore, be explained by the removal of the lowering of the body weight set point induced by nicotine.
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Body Weight and Satiation after Duodenal Switch: 2 Years Later
Obesity Surgery, 2007Co-Authors: Sebastien Paradis, Michel Cabanac, Picard Marceau, Patrick FrankhamAbstract:Background The authors investigated body weight, satiation, and gustative pleasure of obese patients 2 years after a bariatric operation: the biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (DS). Methods 9 operated patients, 10 unoperated nonobese and 10 unoperated obese persons participated in the “Alliesthesia (food distaste) test– This test is a psychometric assessment of satiation resulting from the pleasure or displeasure following the repeated ingestion of a sweet stimulus. Operated patients also participated in the test before the DS operation. Results 2 years after DS, patients had lost 50% of their body weight and their BMI was rendered similar to that of the non-obese control group. Their satiation was faster than in control and unoperated obese patients. The responses of control and unoperated obese patients were identical to those of pre-surgery operated patients. Conclusion This indicates that at the time of the experiment, patients–actual body weight was higher than their body weight set-point and that they would be likely to continue to lose weight, at least beyond 2 years.
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Diet induced weight loss accelerates onset of negative Alliesthesia in obese women
BMC Public Health, 2005Co-Authors: Patrick Frankham, Caroline Gosselin, Michel CabanacAbstract:Background The physiological and behavioral responses to hypocaloric diet are to increase energy intake to defend a steady body weight. We utilized the method of "negative Alliesthesia" for measuring the hedonic reponse to sweet stimulus before (Initial session) and 3 months after entering a weight loss program. The negative Alliesthesia test is known by physiologists but few clinical data exist. It is based on the observation that repeated pleasant gustatory stimuli turn into unpleasantness in the process of Alliesthesia. At first visit participants repeatedly ingested sweet stimuli until they found them unpleasant and rated quantitatively on a linear analogue scale their hedonic experience. This procedure was repeated every 3 min until participants felt displeasure to end the session. The same protocol was followed after three months of following a weight loss diet. Dieting energy intake was from 1400 – 2000 kcal/d for 8 wk. Energy composition was 50% carb:25% prot: 25% lipid. After 8 wk caloric intake increased by 50 kcal/wk, to reach daily intake of 1800 – 2400 kcal/d. Energy composition was 50% carb:22% prot: 27% lipid. We report results on the effect of slow weight loss on negative Alliesthesia in ten obese female participants enrolled in a commercial diet program based on Canada's Food Guide (Mincavi^®). Results Results showed that diet lowered the mean BMI (Initial session 36.8 +/- 1.8 vs. 3 mo 34.9 +/- 1.8 kg/m^2). At 3 mo the onset of negative Alliesthesia, time to abandon experimental session, was shortened (Initial session 33 vs. 3 mo 24 min). The same trend was observed in the time to reach indifference (Initial session 21.9 +/- 3.8 vs. 3 mo 16.2 +/-2.4 min). There was no observed difference in maximum (Initial session +79.5 +/- 11.7; 3 mo +94.5 +/- 9.9 mm) and minimum (Initial session -90.0 +/- 14.4; 3 mo -106 +/- 11.1 mm) hedonic rating. Conclusion Earlier onset of negative Alliesthesia, as seen in our participants, is not consistent with previous hedonic studies that showed delayed or absent negative Alliesthesia in participants when below their initial body weight. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the accelerated onset of negative Alliesthesia observed in our obese participants after weight loss is suggestive of a lowered body weight set-point. Factors inherent to the weight loss diet studied here, such as mild energetic restriction, lowered palatability, and diet composition, may have played a role in this experimental outcome.
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diet induced weight loss accelerates onset of negative Alliesthesia in obese women
BMC Public Health, 2005Co-Authors: Patrick Frankham, Caroline Gosselin, Michel CabanacAbstract:Background The physiological and behavioral responses to hypocaloric diet are to increase energy intake to defend a steady body weight. We utilized the method of "negative Alliesthesia" for measuring the hedonic reponse to sweet stimulus before (Initial session) and 3 months after entering a weight loss program. The negative Alliesthesia test is known by physiologists but few clinical data exist. It is based on the observation that repeated pleasant gustatory stimuli turn into unpleasantness in the process of Alliesthesia. At first visit participants repeatedly ingested sweet stimuli until they found them unpleasant and rated quantitatively on a linear analogue scale their hedonic experience. This procedure was repeated every 3 min until participants felt displeasure to end the session. The same protocol was followed after three months of following a weight loss diet. Dieting energy intake was from 1400 – 2000 kcal/d for 8 wk. Energy composition was 50% carb:25% prot: 25% lipid. After 8 wk caloric intake increased by 50 kcal/wk, to reach daily intake of 1800 – 2400 kcal/d. Energy composition was 50% carb:22% prot: 27% lipid. We report results on the effect of slow weight loss on negative Alliesthesia in ten obese female participants enrolled in a commercial diet program based on Canada's Food Guide (Mincavi®).
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Accelerated satiation after duodenal switch
Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 2005Co-Authors: Picard Marceau, Michel Cabanac, Patrick Frankham, Frédéric-simon Hould, Stéfane Lebel, Simon Marceau, Odette Lescelleur, Simon BironAbstract:BACKGROUND: This is to introduce a new test "negative Alliesthesia" for measuring satiation after bariatric surgery. It is a test that is well known by physiologists but has never been used clinically. It is based on the observation that repeated pleasant gustatory stimuli turn into unpleasantness in the process of satiation. METHODS: We measured the time it took for a repeatedly ingested sweet stimulus to become first unpleasant (negative Alliesthesia) and then intolerable (satiety). At the same time, we measured the degree of pleasure aroused by the sweet stimulus (hedonic rating). The test was given to 9 patients before and 3 and 6 months after the duodenal switch procedure and in 10 morbidly obese patients, three times, 3 months apart. RESULTS: The test showed that negative Alliesthesia and satiety were three times faster after surgery. The negative Alliesthesia time decreased from 16.0 +/- 3.9 minutes to 5.7 +/- 1.4 minutes (P < 0.0004). The satiety time decreased from 26.7 +/- 5.0 minutes to 10.7 +/- 1.3 minutes (P
M Cabanac - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Water intake, pleasure and water temperature in humans
Physiology & Behavior, 2003Co-Authors: D. Boulze, P. Montastruc, M CabanacAbstract:Abstract The influence of water temperature on intake and affective ratings was explored in human subjects. Dehydration whether by profuse sweating (body weight loss: 289±11 g, N=20) or mountain climbing (body weight loss: 1660±58 g, N=20) resulted in the same intake. Maximal intake was observed for water at 15°C with respectively 199.0±17.0 ml and 222.7±17.4 ml. Colder and warmer water was ingested to a lesser extent. When 20 subjects were allowed to mix water to their preferred temperature, they chose 14.9±1°C and drunk 211.0±19.5 ml. Votes on a pleasure/displeasure scale increased from 50°C to 0°C. Cold water was therefore both more pleasureable and less drunk. Dehydration resulted in a negative Alliesthesia for warm water. Positive Alliesthesia for cold water was probably the result of hyperthermia rather than dehydration.
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postingestive Alliesthesia produced by exogenous cholecystokinin and blocked by abdominal vagotomy
American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 1994Co-Authors: M Cabanac, Chenqi ZhaoAbstract:Facial consummatory responses reflecting ingestive and aversive perceptions were studied and quantified in rats chronically implanted with oral catheters. A gustatory stimulus of 50 microliters of 1.75 M sucrose was injected into the mouth every 5 min during 65 min. At 5 min, 2 micrograms/kg exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) was injected intraperitoneally. Typical ingestive facial consummatory responses were observed in response to sweet stimuli before the load. Aversive consummatory responses were observed in response to sweet stimuli after the intraperitoneal exogenous CCK (negative Alliesthesia). Control intraperitoneal injection of saline was not followed by negative Alliesthesia in response to sweet oral stimuli. In the last part of the experiment rats were vagotomized or underwent sham operation. When the vagotomized rats were again subjected to the same gustatory sessions, the intraperitoneal exogenous CCK was not followed by negative Alliesthesia in response to sweet stimuli, whereas sham-operated rats presented a strong negative Alliesthesia. These results in rats suggest that CCK mediates duodenal preabsorptive signal for alimentary Alliesthesia. They also suggest that the effect is peripheral, with the vagus nerve as afferent pathway.
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duodenal preabsorptive origin of gustatory Alliesthesia in rats
American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 1992Co-Authors: M Cabanac, L LafranceAbstract:Facial consummatory responses reflecting ingestive and aversive perceptions were studied and quantified in rats chronically implanted with gastric, duodenal, and oral catheters. A gustatory stimulus of 50 microliters of 1.75 mol/l sucrose was injected into the mouth every 5 min for 65 min. At time 0, 0.5 ml containing 0.3 g glucose was injected into the stomach or into the duodenum. Typical ingestive facial consummatory responses were observed in response to sweet stimuli prior to the load. Aversive consummatory responses were observed in response to sweet stimuli after the glucose duodenal load (negative Alliesthesia). The gastric load of glucose was not followed by negative Alliesthesia in response to sweet oral stimuli. In the last part of the experiment the rats were vagotomized. When the rats were subjected again to the same gustatory sessions, the duodenal load was followed by weak and delayed negative Alliesthesia in response to sweet stimuli. These results in rats parallel results obtained in human subjects and reinforce the hypothesis of the existence of a duodenal preabsorptive signal for alimentary Alliesthesia. They also suggest that the vagus nerve plays a part in the perception of satiety.
Richard De Dear - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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thermal pleasure in built environments spatial Alliesthesia from air movement
Building Research and Information, 2017Co-Authors: Thomas Parkinson, Richard De DearAbstract:ABSTRACTIn recent years there has been a shift in research focus away from the negative effects of draught towards the positive benefits of air movement, particularly in the context of personal environmental control (PEC) systems. Thermal perception under targeted air movement is different from exposures in airflow uniformly distributed across the body, but is less well understood. Specification of performance criteria for PEC systems remains unresolved, as there are no clear conclusions regarding optimum target area, velocity ranges or patterns of velocity dynamics. This paper examines the effects of different local air-velocity profiles on thermal sensation and thermal pleasure experienced by human subjects near the upper boundary of the comfort zone, and interprets the findings within the theoretical framework of spatial Alliesthesia. It was found that positive thermal pleasure can be achieved when contrasting relationships between local and global skin temperatures trends are established. The substant...
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thermal pleasure in built environments spatial Alliesthesia from contact heating
Building Research and Information, 2016Co-Authors: Thomas Parkinson, Richard De DearAbstract:The comfort zone is bounded by thermal environmental conditions that may be described as acceptably cool or acceptably warm, and engineering out of existence these innocuous thermal conditions on the fringes of the adaptive comfort range may not be necessary. In contrast to the conventional understanding of local discomfort, spatial Alliesthesia exploits corrective differences in the rate of change in skin temperature between individual body segments to elicit positive affective sensations. This paper examines reverse instances of local discomfort, or spatial Alliesthesia, from warm contact stimuli applied to hand and feet when exposed to ambient conditions towards the lower margin of the comfort zone. It was found that subjects with moderate feelings of displeasure or even indifference were still capable of experiencing a pleasant response to localized thermal stimuli. Brief whole-body thermal pleasure was observed from in-situ skin temperature changes at a single distal body site. These effects were sub...
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thermal pleasure in built environments Alliesthesia in different thermoregulatory zones
Building Research and Information, 2016Co-Authors: Thomas Parkinson, Richard De Dear, Christhina CandidoAbstract:The principle of thermal Alliesthesia indicates that the hedonic character of a thermal environment is determined as much by the general state of the subject as by the environment itself. An environmental stimulus that offsets or counters a thermoregulatory load error will be pleasantly perceived, and vice versa. Extant empirical evidence supporting thermal Alliesthesia only exists for instances of core temperature deviation. Yet the reconciliation of Alliesthesia with contemporary neurophysiological discourse (in the previous paper in this series) renders the concept directly relevant to everyday experiences in built environments where core temperature rarely deviates from neutral values. New experimental data are presented that explore Alliesthesia in non-steady-state conditions across three different physiological states: thermoneutral; the upper and lower fringes of the thermoneutral zone; and mild excursions into the sweating and shivering regulatory zones. Thirteen human subjects evaluated the hedon...
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thermal pleasure in built environments physiology of Alliesthesia
Building Research and Information, 2015Co-Authors: Thomas Parkinson, Richard De DearAbstract:International standards that define thermal comfort in uniform environments are based on the steady-state heat balance equation that posits ‘neutrality’ as the optimal occupant comfort state for which environments are designed. But thermal perception is more than an outcome of a deterministic, steady-state heat balance. Thermal Alliesthesia is a conceptual framework to understand the hedonics of a much larger spectrum of thermal environments than the more thoroughly researched concept of thermal neutrality. At its simplest, thermal Alliesthesia states that the hedonic qualities of the thermal environment are determined as much by the general thermal state of the subject as by the environment itself. A peripheral thermal stimulus that offsets or counters a thermoregulatory load-error will be pleasantly perceived and vice versa, a stimulus that exacerbates thermoregulatory load-error will feel unpleasant. The present paper elaborates the thermophysiological hypothesis of Alliesthesia with a particular focus...
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perception of transient thermal environments pleasure and Alliesthesia
7th Windsor Conference: The Changing Context of Comfort in an Unpredictable World 2012, 2012Co-Authors: Christhina Candido, Richard De Dear, Thomas ParkinsonAbstract:Recent research indicates that dynamic thermal environments can potentially deliver higher levels of occupant satisfaction than static, homogenous indoor environments. The physiological concept of Alliesthesia presents a coherent framework for investigating thermal pleasure arising from environmental or metabolic transients. This project investigated the relationship between core and skin temperatures and thermal pleasure in transient thermal environments. Pilot studies recorded skin temperature (Tsk) and core temperature (Tc) of six healthy males through a series of environmental and metabolic changes. Preliminary results indicate that sudden changes in ambient temperature were rated pleasantly whenever a positive Alliesthesial effect was induced (i.e. opposite polarity of Tsk and Tc). This decayed as the subject returned to thermoneutrality. The same environmental step change invoked a displeasure response when the core temperature was stable. It is possible that higher levels of occupant satisfaction in transient or textured thermal environments may be explained by the hedonic overtones from the Alliesthesial effect.
Laurent Brondel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Alliesthesia to food cues heterogeneity across stimuli and sensory modalities
Physiology & Behavior, 2008Co-Authors: Tao Jiang, Robert Soussignan, Daniel Rigaud, Sylviane Martin, Jeanpierre Royet, Laurent Brondel, Benoist SchaalAbstract:Abstract Negative Alliesthesia to olfactory and visual stimuli was assessed in 29 normal-weight women who, on alternate days, were either fasting or in a postprandial state after an ad libitum lunch. The participants were alternatively exposed to food and non-food pictures and odorants, and then rated for their hedonic appreciation (liking) and their desire to ingest (wanting) the evoked foods. While negative Alliesthesia was observed only for food stimuli, it did not equally affect all food categories in either sensory modality. The stimuli representing foods eaten in typical local main dishes or having high energy density (e.g., pizza, bacon, beef, cheese) evoked clear negative Alliesthesia, whereas this was not the case for those less consumed within a customary meal or associated with desserts (i.e., fruits). Furthermore, the visual food stimuli triggered a more negative shift in liking than did the food odours. Finally, the shift in wanting between pre- and post-meal state was more important than the shift in liking. These results suggest that Alliesthesia may be influenced by both metabolic and non-metabolic factors.
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Alliesthesia in visual and auditory sensations from environmental signals
Physiology & Behavior, 2007Co-Authors: Laurent Brondel, Michel CabanacAbstract:Abstract ‘Alliesthesia’ describes the fact that sensory stimuli can arouse pleasant or unpleasant sensations according to the internal state of a person. In the present work, the hedonicity aroused by stimuli from the environment in visual and auditory sensations was evaluated in 5 situations: 1) daytime without sensory stimulations (no video-tape); 2) daytime with poor sensory stimulations (uninteresting video-tape film); 3) daytime with rich sensory stimulations (interesting chosen movie on video-tape); 4) night-time without sensory stimulations (no video-tape); 5) night-time with poor sensory stimulations (uninteresting video-tape). During the day, hedonic ratings decreased with time in the no- and uninteresting video-tape film conditions ( p p p p r = 0.541 and r = − 0.593; p
