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Hervé Casabianca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chemical differentiation of Boswellia sacra and Boswellia carterii essential oils by gas chromatography and chiral gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
    Journal of Chromatography A, 2012
    Co-Authors: Cole Woolley, Mahmoud M. Suhail, Brett L. Smith, Karen E. Boren, Lindsey C. Taylor, Marc Schreuder, Jeremiah K. Chai, Hervé Casabianca
    Abstract:

    Major botanical and scientific references currently identify two species of frankincense, Boswellia carterii and Boswellia sacra, as being synonymous. We evaluated the Somalian (B. carterii) and Omani/Yemeni (B. sacra) species by chemical analyses to determine if there were any minor or major differences between the two species of frankincense. Components identified with their average percent for B. sacra are alpha-thujene (0.6%), Alpha-Pinene (68.2%), camphene (2.1%), sabinene (2.9%), beta-pinene (2.0%), myrcene (0.7%), limonene+beta-phellandrene (6.2%). Components identified with their average percent for B. carterii are alpha-thujene (7.9%), Alpha-Pinene (37.3%), camphene (0.8%), sabinene (4.9%), beta-pinene (1.8%), myrcene (7.3%), limonene+beta-phellandrene (14.4%). Initially, GC-MS analysis did not reveal major statistical differences. However, optical rotation values, B. Sacra (+30.1 degrees ) and B. carterii (-13.3 degrees ), demonstrated a greater significant difference. Enantiomeric ratio (+)/(-) values of Alpha-Pinene for B. sacra and B. carterii are 8.24 and 0.68, respectively, were also calculated aiding our conclusion that B. sacra and B. carterii are not synonymous but rather two distinct and individual frankincense species.

Antonio Zarzuelo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil of Bupleurum fruticescens.
    Planta medica, 1993
    Co-Authors: S. Martin, E. Padilla, M. A. Ocete, Julio Gálvez, José Jiménez, Antonio Zarzuelo
    Abstract:

    The essential oil of Bupleurum fruticescens was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively by GC and GC-MS analyses. The anti-inflammatory activity of the whole essential oil and its major components was also investigated in the rat hindpaw edema model induced by carrageenin or by PGE1. The anti-inflammatory activity shown by the essential oil can be attributed to the two major components, Alpha-Pinene and beta-caryophyllene. In order to know the role of the adrenal glands in the anti-inflammatory activity exerted by the two major components of the essential oil, they were studied against the carrageenin-induced hindpaw edema in adrenolectomized rats. It is concluded that Alpha-Pinene needs the integrity of the adrenal glands to exert its anti-inflammatory activity, as opposed to beta-caryophyllene which was also active in adrenolectomized animals.

Cole Woolley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chemical differentiation of Boswellia sacra and Boswellia carterii essential oils by gas chromatography and chiral gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
    Journal of Chromatography A, 2012
    Co-Authors: Cole Woolley, Mahmoud M. Suhail, Brett L. Smith, Karen E. Boren, Lindsey C. Taylor, Marc Schreuder, Jeremiah K. Chai, Hervé Casabianca
    Abstract:

    Major botanical and scientific references currently identify two species of frankincense, Boswellia carterii and Boswellia sacra, as being synonymous. We evaluated the Somalian (B. carterii) and Omani/Yemeni (B. sacra) species by chemical analyses to determine if there were any minor or major differences between the two species of frankincense. Components identified with their average percent for B. sacra are alpha-thujene (0.6%), Alpha-Pinene (68.2%), camphene (2.1%), sabinene (2.9%), beta-pinene (2.0%), myrcene (0.7%), limonene+beta-phellandrene (6.2%). Components identified with their average percent for B. carterii are alpha-thujene (7.9%), Alpha-Pinene (37.3%), camphene (0.8%), sabinene (4.9%), beta-pinene (1.8%), myrcene (7.3%), limonene+beta-phellandrene (14.4%). Initially, GC-MS analysis did not reveal major statistical differences. However, optical rotation values, B. Sacra (+30.1 degrees ) and B. carterii (-13.3 degrees ), demonstrated a greater significant difference. Enantiomeric ratio (+)/(-) values of Alpha-Pinene for B. sacra and B. carterii are 8.24 and 0.68, respectively, were also calculated aiding our conclusion that B. sacra and B. carterii are not synonymous but rather two distinct and individual frankincense species.

Rodney Croteau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cdna isolation functional expression and characterization of α pinene synthase and α pinene synthase from loblolly pine pinus taeda stereocontrol in pinene biosynthesis
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2003
    Co-Authors: Michael A Phillips, Mark R Wildung, David C Williams, David Hyatt, Rodney Croteau
    Abstract:

    The complex mixture of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes that comprises oleoresin provides the primary defense of conifers against bark beetles and their associated fungal pathogens. Monoterpene synthases produce the turpentine fraction of oleoresin, which allows mobilization of the diterpene resin acid component (rosin) and is also toxic toward invading insects; this is particularly the case for Alpha-Pinene, a prominent bicyclic monoterpene of pine turpentine. The stereochemistry of Alpha-Pinene is a critical determinant of host defense capability and has implications for host selection, insect pheromone biosynthesis, and tritrophic-level interactions. Pines produce both enantiomers of Alpha-Pinene, which appear to arise through antipodal reaction mechanisms by distinct enzymes. Using a cDNA library constructed with mRNA from flushing needles of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), we employed a homology-based cloning strategy to isolate, and confirm by functional expression, the genes encoding (+)-(3R:5R)-Alpha-Pinene synthase, (-)-(3S:5S)-Alpha-Pinene synthase, and several other terpene synthases. The pinene synthases, which produce mirror-image products, share only 66% amino acid identity (72% similarity) but are similar in general properties to other monoterpene synthases of gymnosperms. The stereochemical control of monoterpene cyclization reactions, the evolution of "antipodal" enzymes, and the implications of turpentine composition in ecological interactions are discussed.

Eugene I-chen Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the composition anti mildew and anti wood decay fungal activities of the leaf and fruit oils of juniperus formosana from taiwan
    Natural Product Communications, 2013
    Co-Authors: Kuanping Hsu, Eugene I-chen Wang
    Abstract:

    In this study, anti-mildew and anti-wood-decay fungal activities of the leaf and fruits essential oil and its constituents from Juniperus formosana were evaluated in vitro against seven mildew fungi and four wood decay fungi, respectively. The main compounds responsible for the anti-mildew and anti-wood-decay fungal activities were also identified. The essential oil from the fresh leaves and fruits of J. formosana were isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS, respectively. The leaf oil mainly consisted of Alpha-Pinene (41.0%), limonene (11.5%), alpha-cadinol (11.0%), elemol (6.3%), and beta-myrcene (5.8%); the fruit oil was mostly Alpha-Pinene (40.9%), beta-myrcene (32.4%), alpha-thujene (5.9%) and limonene (5.9%). Comparing the anti-mildew and anti-wood-decay fungal activities of the oils suggested that the leaf oil was the most effective. For the anti-mildew and anti-wood-decay fungal activities of the leaf oil, the active source compounds were determined to be alpha-cadinol and elemol.

  • composition and anti wood decay fungal activities of the leaf essential oil of machilus philippinensis from taiwan
    Natural Product Communications, 2010
    Co-Authors: Kuangping Hsu, Eugene I-chen Wang, Chaiyi Lin
    Abstract:

    The hydrodistilled leaf essential oil of Machilus philippinensis was analyzed to determine its composition and yield. Seventy compounds were identified, the main ones being beta-caryophyllene (13.6%), Alpha-Pinene (12.0%), alpha-cadinol (7.4%), cis-ocimene (7.0%), spathulenol (5.6%), (E)-nerolidol (5.3%), tau-cadinol (4.8%) and beta-pinene (4.5%). Monoterpene hydrocarbons (36.1%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (33.0%) were the predominant groups of compounds. The leaf oil exhibited excellent anti-wood-decay fungal activities.