The Experts below are selected from a list of 9024 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Magnus Johannesson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intuition and moral decision making the effect of time pressure and cognitive load on moral judgment and Altruistic Behavior
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Gustav Tinghog, David Andersson, Caroline Bonn, Magnus Johannesson, Michael Kirchler, Lina Koppel, Daniel VastfjallAbstract:Do individuals intuitively favor certain moral actions over others? This study explores the role of intuitive thinking—induced by time pressure and cognitive load—in moral judgment and Behavior. We conduct experiments in three different countries (Sweden, Austria, and the United States) involving over 1,400 subjects. All subjects responded to four trolley type dilemmas and four dictator games involving different charitable causes. Decisions were made under time pressure/time delay or while experiencing cognitive load or control. Overall we find converging evidence that intuitive states do not influence moral decisions. Neither time-pressure nor cognitive load had any effect on moral judgments or Altruistic Behavior. Thus we find no supporting evidence for the claim that intuitive moral judgments and dictator game giving differ from more reflectively taken decisions. Across all samples and decision tasks men were more likely to make utilitarian moral judgments and act selfishly compared to women, providing further evidence that there are robust gender differences in moral decision-making. However, there were no significant interactions between gender and the treatment manipulations of intuitive versus reflective decision-making.
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anticipated verbal feedback induces Altruistic Behavior
Evolution and Human Behavior, 2008Co-Authors: Tore Ellingsen, Magnus JohannessonAbstract:Abstract A distinctive feature of humans compared to other species is the high rate of cooperation with nonkin. One explanation is that humans are motivated by concerns for praise and blame. In this paper we experimentally investigate the impact of anticipated verbal feedback on Altruistic Behavior. We study pairwise interactions in which one subject, the "divider," decides how to split a sum of money between herself and a recipient. Thereafter, the recipient can send an unrestricted anonymous message to the divider. The subjects' relationship is anonymous and one-shot to rule out any repeated interaction effects. Compared to a control treatment without feedback messages, donations increase substantially when recipients can communicate. With verbal feedback, the fraction of zero donations decreases from about 40% to about 20%, and there is a corresponding increase in the fraction of equal splits from about 30% to about 50%. Recipients who receive no money almost always express disapproval of the divider, sometimes strongly and in foul language. Following an equal split, almost all recipients praise the divider. The results suggest that anticipated verbal rewards and punishments play a role in promoting Altruistic Behavior among humans.
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anticipated verbal feedback induces Altruistic Behavior
Research Papers in Economics, 2007Co-Authors: Tore Ellingsen, Magnus JohannessonAbstract:A distinctive feature of humans compared to other species is the high rate of cooperation with non-kin. One explanation is that humans are motivated by concerns for social esteem. In this paper we experimentally investigate the impact of anticipated verbal feedback on Altruistic Behavior. We study pairwise interactions in which one subject, the “divider”, decides how to split a sum of money between herself and a recipient. Thereafter, the recipient can send an unrestricted anonymous message to the divider. The subjects’ relationship is anonymous and one-shot to rule out any reputation effects. Compared to a control treatment without feedback messages, donations increase substantially when recipients can communicate. With verbal feedback, the fraction of zero donations decreases from about 40% to about 20%, and there is a corresponding increase in the fraction of equal splits from about 30% to about 50%. Recipients who receive no money almost always express disapproval of the divider, sometimes strongly and in foul language. Following an equal split, almost all recipients praise the divider. The results suggest that anticipated verbal rewards and punishments play a role in promoting Altruistic Behavior among humans.
Michael Schonenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Empathy and Altruistic Behavior in antisocial violent offenders with psychopathic traits
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2018Co-Authors: Sarah V Mayer, Aiste Jusyte, Olga Maria Klimecki-lenz, Michael SchonenbergAbstract:Abstract Deficiencies in empathic functioning are considered a core characteristic of violent Behavior. Enhancing empathy in aggressive populations may thus represent a promising intervention target. Hence, the aims of the present work were two-fold: First, we wanted to thoroughly assess empathic competencies and second, we aimed to investigate effects of an empathy induction on experienced empathy levels and prosocial Behavior in a sample of violent offenders relative to matched controls. Empathy was assessed using both self-report as well as objective measures. For the empathy induction, participants were presented with empathy inducing and control videos. To assess the effects of the empathy induction on Behavior, participants played a dictator game indicative of prosocial Behavior after every video. Violent offenders showed no systematic impairment in empathy measures. Despite lower shares in the dictator game across conditions, the empathy induction led to a substantial increase in prosocial Behavior in both groups. Importantly, high psychopathy scores were distinctively associated with lower self-reported empathy levels, an attenuated affective responsiveness to the empathy induction, and less Altruistic Behavior. Treatment programs aiming to improve empathy should take individual characteristics into account and may be applied to distinctive subgroups rather than to violent offenders per se.
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empathy promotes Altruistic Behavior in economic interactions
Scientific Reports, 2016Co-Authors: Olga Klimecki, Sarah V Mayer, Aiste Jusyte, Jonathan Scheeff, Michael SchonenbergAbstract:What are the determinants of altruism? While economists assume that altruism is mainly driven by fairness norms, social psychologists consider empathy to be a key motivator for Altruistic Behavior. To unite these two theories, we conducted an experiment in which we compared Behavior in a standard economic game that assesses altruism (the so-called Dictator Game) with a Dictator Game in which participants’ Behavioral choices were preceded either by an empathy induction or by a control condition without empathy induction. The results of this within-subject manipulation show that the empathy induction substantially increased Altruistic Behavior. Moreover, the increase in experienced empathy predicted over 40% of the increase in sharing Behavior. These data extend standard economic theories that altruism is based on fairness considerations, by showing that empathic feelings can be a key motivator for Altruistic Behavior in economic interactions.
Chao Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sense of community responsibility and Altruistic Behavior in chinese community residents the mediating role of community identity
Current Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Chao Yang, Yanli Wang, Brian J Hall, Hong ChenAbstract:Currently there are no validated scales to evaluate Altruistic Behavior within Chinese communities. Moreover, the relationship between sense of community responsibility, Altruistic Behavior, and community identity is unknown. The present study aimed to establish the reliability and validity of a revised version of the Self-Report Altruism scale for Chinese community residents, and to explore the mediating effect of community identity on the association between sense of community responsibility and Altruistic Behavior. First, this scale was revised by reviewing existing Chinese versions of Self-Report Altruism scale and identifying 20 Chinese items that had the same meaning as the English items. Next, a community sample of 615 Chinese residents were recruited to conduct a psychometric scale evaluation. Results from item analysis, reliability and validity analyses, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the revised Self-Report Altruism scale, consisting of 17 items across two dimensions, was reliable and valid. Next, 1172 community residents were recruited from 34 provinces in China for a cross-sectional study to address the study’s second aim. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that community identity has an indirect effect between sense of community responsibility and Altruistic Behavior. Implications and directions for future research were also discussed.
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the effect of sense of community responsibility on residents Altruistic Behavior evidence from the dictator game
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020Co-Authors: Chao Yang, Yanli Wang, Yuhui Wang, Xuemeng Zhang, Yong Liu, Hong ChenAbstract:Understanding the new mechanism of Altruistic Behavior is pivotal to people’s health and social development. Despite the rich literature on altruism, this is the first study exploring the association between the sense of community responsibility (SOC-R) and Altruistic Behavior by repeated dictator games. Data were gathered from 95 residents (30% male; M age = 33.20 years). Demographic variables, money motivation, and SOC-R were measured. The results revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between SOC-R and Altruistic Behavior, and SOC-R had a positive predictive effect on residents’ Altruistic Behavior. With the increasing of the number of tasks assigned, the level of residents’ Altruistic Behavior gradually decreased. There was a significant difference in money allocation between the groups with high and low levels of SOC-R. The level of Altruistic Behavior in the group with a high level of SOC-R was significantly higher than that in the the group with a low level of SOC-R. Findings from the present study highlighted the potential value of strengthening residents’ SOC-R in the improvement of altruism. Implications and directions for future research were also discussed.
Joyce Mccarl Nielsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recycling as Altruistic Behavior normative and Behavioral strategies to expand participation in a community recycling program
Environment and Behavior, 1991Co-Authors: Joseph R Hopper, Joyce Mccarl NielsenAbstract:Experimental and survey data were gathered from residents of a large urban neighborhood with a community wide curbside recycling program in order to determine the extent to which recycling could be conceptualized as Altruistic Behavior. Results confirmed that recycling Behavior is consistent with Schwartz's altruism model, according to which Behavior is influenced by social norms, personal norms, and awareness of consequences. Data further showed that a block-leader program, in which residents encouraged their neighbors to recycle, influenced Altruistic norms and increased recycling Behavior. Prompting and information strategies were also introduced into the community recycling program as experimental interventions in order to com- pare their effects with the block-leader approach. Results showed that prompting and information increased recycling Behavior but did not affect norms and attitudes. Further- more, all the intervention strategies influenced Behavior independently of the measured norms; block le...
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recycling as Altruistic Behavior normative and Behavioral strategies to expand participation in a community recycling program
Environment and Behavior, 1991Co-Authors: Joseph R Hopper, Joyce Mccarl NielsenAbstract:Experimental and survey data were gathered from residents of a large urban neighborhood with a community wide curbside recycling program in order to determine the extent to which recycling could be conceptualized as Altruistic Behavior. Results confirmed that recycling Behavior is consistent with Schwartz's altruism model, according to which Behavior is influenced by social norms, personal norms, and awareness of consequences. Data further showed that a block-leader program, in which residents encouraged their neighbors to recycle, influenced Altruistic norms and increased recycling Behavior. Prompting and information strategies were also introduced into the community recycling program as experimental interventions in order to com- pare their effects with the block-leader approach. Results showed that prompting and information increased recycling Behavior but did not affect norms and attitudes. Further- more, all the intervention strategies influenced Behavior independently of the measured norms; block le...
Hong Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sense of community responsibility and Altruistic Behavior in chinese community residents the mediating role of community identity
Current Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Chao Yang, Yanli Wang, Brian J Hall, Hong ChenAbstract:Currently there are no validated scales to evaluate Altruistic Behavior within Chinese communities. Moreover, the relationship between sense of community responsibility, Altruistic Behavior, and community identity is unknown. The present study aimed to establish the reliability and validity of a revised version of the Self-Report Altruism scale for Chinese community residents, and to explore the mediating effect of community identity on the association between sense of community responsibility and Altruistic Behavior. First, this scale was revised by reviewing existing Chinese versions of Self-Report Altruism scale and identifying 20 Chinese items that had the same meaning as the English items. Next, a community sample of 615 Chinese residents were recruited to conduct a psychometric scale evaluation. Results from item analysis, reliability and validity analyses, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the revised Self-Report Altruism scale, consisting of 17 items across two dimensions, was reliable and valid. Next, 1172 community residents were recruited from 34 provinces in China for a cross-sectional study to address the study’s second aim. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that community identity has an indirect effect between sense of community responsibility and Altruistic Behavior. Implications and directions for future research were also discussed.
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the effect of sense of community responsibility on residents Altruistic Behavior evidence from the dictator game
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020Co-Authors: Chao Yang, Yanli Wang, Yuhui Wang, Xuemeng Zhang, Yong Liu, Hong ChenAbstract:Understanding the new mechanism of Altruistic Behavior is pivotal to people’s health and social development. Despite the rich literature on altruism, this is the first study exploring the association between the sense of community responsibility (SOC-R) and Altruistic Behavior by repeated dictator games. Data were gathered from 95 residents (30% male; M age = 33.20 years). Demographic variables, money motivation, and SOC-R were measured. The results revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between SOC-R and Altruistic Behavior, and SOC-R had a positive predictive effect on residents’ Altruistic Behavior. With the increasing of the number of tasks assigned, the level of residents’ Altruistic Behavior gradually decreased. There was a significant difference in money allocation between the groups with high and low levels of SOC-R. The level of Altruistic Behavior in the group with a high level of SOC-R was significantly higher than that in the the group with a low level of SOC-R. Findings from the present study highlighted the potential value of strengthening residents’ SOC-R in the improvement of altruism. Implications and directions for future research were also discussed.