The Experts below are selected from a list of 13509 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Radek Ptak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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visual but not auditory Verbal Feedback induces aftereffects following adaptation to virtual prisms
Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2021Co-Authors: Alexia Bourgeois, Audrey Schmid, Francesco Turri, Armin Schnider, Radek PtakAbstract:Visuo-motor adaptation with optical prisms that displace the visual scene (prism adaptation, PA) has been widely used to study visuo-motor plasticity in healthy individuals and to decrease the lateralized bias of brain-damaged patients suffering from spatial neglect. Several factors may influence PA aftereffects, such as the degree of optical deviation (generally measured in dioptres of wedge prisms) or the direction of the prismatic shift (leftward vs. rightward). However, the mechanisms through which aftereffects of adaptation in healthy individuals and in neglect affect performance in tasks probing spatial cognition remain controversial. For example, some studies have reported positive effects of PA on auditory neglect, while other studies failed to obtain any changes of performance even in the visual modality. We here tested a new adaptation method in virtual reality to evaluate how sensory parameters influence PA aftereffects. Visual versus auditory-Verbal Feedback of optical deviations were contrasted to assess whether rightward deviations influence manual and perceptual judgements in healthy individuals. Our results revealed that altered visual, but not altered auditory-Verbal Feedback induces aftereffects following adaptation to virtual prisms after 30-degrees of deviation. These findings refine current models of the mechanisms underlying the cognitive effects of virtual PA in emphasizing the importance of visual versus auditory-Verbal Feedback during the adaptation phase on visuospatial judgements. Our study also specifies parameters which influence virtual PA and its aftereffect, such as the sensory modality used for the Feedback.
Phillip Chan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a randomized controlled trial to compare e Feedback versus standard face to face Verbal Feedback to improve the acquisition of procedural skill
Journal of Surgical Education, 2017Co-Authors: Wissam Aljundi, Mohamed Elsharif, Melanie Anderson, Phillip Chan, Jonathan Beard, Shah NawazAbstract:Background Constructive Feedback plays an important role in learning during surgical training. Standard Feedback is usually given Verbally following direct observation of the procedure by a trained assessor. However, such Feedback requires the physical presence of expert faculty members who are usually busy and time-constrained by clinical commitments. We aim to evaluate electronic Feedback (e-Feedback) after video observation of surgical suturing in comparison with standard face-to-face Verbal Feedback. Methods A prospective, blinded, randomized controlled trial comparing e-Feedback with standard Verbal Feedback was carried out in February 2015 using a validated pro formas for assessment. The study participants were 38 undergraduate medical students from the University of Sheffield, UK. They were recorded on video performing the procedural skill, completed a self-evaluation form, and received e-Feedback on the same day (group 1); observed directly by an assessor, invited to provide Verbal self-reflection, and then received standard Verbal Feedback (group 2). In both groups, the Feedback was provided after performing the procedure. The participants returned 2 days later and performed the same skill again. Poststudy questionnaire was used to assess the acceptability of each Feedback among the participants. Results Overall, 19 students in group 1 and 18 students in group 2 completed the study. Although there was a significant improvement in the overall mean score on the second performance of the task for all participants (first performance mean 11.59, second performance mean 15.95; p ≤ 0.0001), there was no difference in the overall mean improvement score between group 1 and group 2 (4.74 and 3.94, respectively; p=0.49). The mean overall scores for the e-Feedback group at baseline recorded by 2 independent investigators showed good agreement (mean overall scores of 12.84 and 11.89; Cronbach α = 0.86). Poststudy questionnaire demonstrated that both e-Feedback and standard Verbal Feedback achieved high mean Likert grades as recorded by the participants (4.42 [range: 2-5] and 4.71 [range: 4-5], respectively; p=0.274). Conclusion e-Feedback after watching a video recording appears to be acceptable and is not quantitatively different than standard Feedback in improving suturing skills among novice trainees. Video assessment of procedural skills is reliable.
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randomized trial of the effect of video Feedback on the acquisition of surgical skills
British Journal of Surgery, 2013Co-Authors: A L Farquharson, Phillip Chan, A C Cresswell, J D BeardAbstract:Background Constructive Feedback provides a mechanism for reinforcing learning during the acquisition of surgical skills. Feedback is usually given Verbally, and sometimes documented, after direct observation by a trained assessor. The aim was to evaluate video recording as an effective modality for enhancing Feedback, in comparison with standard Verbal Feedback alone. Methods This was a prospective, blinded, randomized clinical trial comparing standard Verbal Feedback plus video with standard Verbal Feedback alone. Validated pro formas for assessment were used and quality control was performed by independent expert assessors. Trial participants were recorded on video performing the surgical skill, and returned the next day to perform the skill again following video and standard Verbal Feedback (group 1) or standard Verbal Feedback alone (group 2). Results Forty-eight participants were divided equally between the two groups. There was a significant improvement in the mean overall procedure score for group 1 of 2·875 from a maximum achievable score of 20 (P = 0·003), but not for group 2. There were significant improvements in the specific domains of instrument familiarity, needle handling, skin handling and accurate apposition, again all in group 1. The only significant improvement in group 2 was in an organized approach to the task, also observed in group 1. Knot-tying security deteriorated after Feedback in group 2 but not in group 1. Conclusion The addition of video Feedback can improve the acquisition of surgical skills, and could be incorporated into formal surgical curricula.
Natasha A Lannin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an exploratory study of Verbal Feedback on occupational performance for improving self awareness in people with traumatic brain injury
Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 2020Co-Authors: Jennifer Fleming, Amelia Tsi Hui Goh, Natasha A Lannin, Tamara Ownsworth, Julia SchmidtAbstract:Introduction Impaired self-awareness negatively impacts on how well persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) learn and use strategies needed in daily life. Verbal Feedback is a component of metacognitive strategy training recommended for addressing impaired self-awareness in TBI rehabilitation. Yet, it remains unknown how effectively Verbal Feedback on occupational performance improves self-awareness for the specific occupation involved. This study investigated the effect of Verbal Feedback on task-specific self-awareness for individuals with TBI. Methods A secondary analysis was conducted on selected data extracted from a randomised, assessor-blinded controlled trial in which 36 participants with impaired self-awareness post-TBI were allocated into two Feedback intervention groups, Verbal Feedback and a control condition of experiential Feedback only. All participants engaged in four sessions of meal preparation with an occupational therapist using a metacognitive strategy training approach. Participants in the Verbal Feedback group received Feedback on their performance in a discussion with the occupational therapist following each session. Task-specific self-awareness was measured using discrepancy scores (therapist ratings minus self-ratings) on a Meal Independence Rating Scale (MIRS). Data were analysed using a mixed 2 × 2 analysis of variance. Results Positive MIRS discrepancy scores at pre-intervention reflected the propensity of participants to over-estimate their abilities There was a significant main effect of time, indicating overall gains in task-specific self-awareness at post-intervention (p = .01), but no significant group-by-time interaction. Changes in participants' self-ratings post-intervention were minimal. Instead, reduced MIRS discrepancy scores resulted largely from changes in therapists' ratings, indicating improvement in occupational performance. Conclusion Participants in both groups demonstrated improvements in occupational performance, but this did not correspond with changes in task-specific self-awareness. In this small sample, there was no statistically significant improvement in self-awareness associated with the provision of Verbal Feedback after occupational performance over and above the benefits of experiential Feedback.
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video Feedback on functional task performance improves self awareness after traumatic brain injury a randomized controlled trial
Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 2013Co-Authors: Julia Schmidt, Jennifer Fleming, Natasha A Lannin, Tamara OwnsworthAbstract:Background. Feedback is used in rehabilitation to improve self-awareness in people with traumatic brain injury (TBI), but there have been no comparisons of the different methods of providing Feedback. Objective. To compare the effect of different methods of Feedback on impaired self-awareness after TBI. Method. This was a randomized, assessor-blinded trial with concealed allocation. A total of 54 participants with TBI and impaired self-awareness (85% male) were recruited from inpatient and community rehabilitation settings. Participants performed a meal preparation task on 4 occasions and were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 Feedback intervention groups: video plus Verbal Feedback, Verbal Feedback, or experiential Feedback. The primary outcome was improvement in online awareness measured by the number of errors made during task completion. Secondary outcomes included level of intellectual awareness, self-perception of rehabilitation, and emotional status. Results. Receiving video plus Verbal Feedback reduced the number of errors more than Verbal Feedback alone (mean difference = 19.7 errors; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.2-30.1) and experiential Feedback alone (mean difference = 12.4 errors; 95% CI = 1.8-23.0). Conclusion. The results suggest that the video plus Verbal Feedback approach used in this study was effective in improving self-awareness in people with TBI. The results also provide evidence that improvement in self-awareness was not accompanied by deterioration in emotional status.
Magnus Johannesson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anticipated Verbal Feedback induces altruistic behavior
Evolution and Human Behavior, 2008Co-Authors: Tore Ellingsen, Magnus JohannessonAbstract:Abstract A distinctive feature of humans compared to other species is the high rate of cooperation with nonkin. One explanation is that humans are motivated by concerns for praise and blame. In this paper we experimentally investigate the impact of anticipated Verbal Feedback on altruistic behavior. We study pairwise interactions in which one subject, the "divider," decides how to split a sum of money between herself and a recipient. Thereafter, the recipient can send an unrestricted anonymous message to the divider. The subjects' relationship is anonymous and one-shot to rule out any repeated interaction effects. Compared to a control treatment without Feedback messages, donations increase substantially when recipients can communicate. With Verbal Feedback, the fraction of zero donations decreases from about 40% to about 20%, and there is a corresponding increase in the fraction of equal splits from about 30% to about 50%. Recipients who receive no money almost always express disapproval of the divider, sometimes strongly and in foul language. Following an equal split, almost all recipients praise the divider. The results suggest that anticipated Verbal rewards and punishments play a role in promoting altruistic behavior among humans.
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anticipated Verbal Feedback induces altruistic behavior
Research Papers in Economics, 2007Co-Authors: Tore Ellingsen, Magnus JohannessonAbstract:A distinctive feature of humans compared to other species is the high rate of cooperation with non-kin. One explanation is that humans are motivated by concerns for social esteem. In this paper we experimentally investigate the impact of anticipated Verbal Feedback on altruistic behavior. We study pairwise interactions in which one subject, the “divider”, decides how to split a sum of money between herself and a recipient. Thereafter, the recipient can send an unrestricted anonymous message to the divider. The subjects’ relationship is anonymous and one-shot to rule out any reputation effects. Compared to a control treatment without Feedback messages, donations increase substantially when recipients can communicate. With Verbal Feedback, the fraction of zero donations decreases from about 40% to about 20%, and there is a corresponding increase in the fraction of equal splits from about 30% to about 50%. Recipients who receive no money almost always express disapproval of the divider, sometimes strongly and in foul language. Following an equal split, almost all recipients praise the divider. The results suggest that anticipated Verbal rewards and punishments play a role in promoting altruistic behavior among humans.
Philip Mcguire - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an fmri study of Verbal self monitoring neural correlates of auditory Verbal Feedback
Cerebral Cortex, 2006Co-Authors: Goparlen N Vythelingum, Michael Brammer, Steve C R Williams, Edson Amaro, C Andrew, Lidia Yaguez, Neeltje E M Van Haren, Kazunori Matsumoto, Philip McguireAbstract:The ability to recognize one’s own inner speech is essential for a sense of self. The Verbal self-monitoring model proposes that this process entails a communication from neural regions involved in speech production to areas of speech perception. According to the model, if the expected Verbal Feedback matches the perceived Feedback, then there would be no change in activation in the lateral temporal cortices. We investigated the neural correlates of Verbal self-monitoring in a functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) study. Thirteen healthy male volunteers read aloud presented adjectives and heard their auditory Feedback which was experimentally modified. Decisions about the source of the Feedback were made with a button-press response. We used a ‘clustered’ fMRI acquisition sequence, consisting of periods of relative silence in which subjects could speak aloud and hear the Feedback in the absence of scanner noise, and an event-related design which allowed separate analysis of trials associated with correct attributions and misattributions. Subjects made more misattribution responses when the Feedback was a distorted version of their voice. This condition showed increased superior temporal activation relative to the conditions of hearing their own voice undistorted and hearing another person’s voice. Furthermore, correct attributions during this condition were associated with greater temporal activation than misattributions. These findings support the self-monitoring model as mismatches between expected and actual auditory Feedback were associated with greater temporal activation.
