The Experts below are selected from a list of 552 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Bruno Gottstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Epidemiology and systematics of cystic and Alveolar Hydatid Disease
Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift fur alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen, 2000Co-Authors: Bruno GottsteinAbstract:Echinococcus multilocularis, a small tapeworm in foxes, has gained considerable public attention owing to its wide distribution in central Europe. Conversely, diagnosis and treatment of the Disease have been significantly improved in recent years. Consequently, the incidence among human populations has remained stable and relatively low for many decades. In southern Germany, France (Franche Comte and Doubs), Austria and Switzerland, the annual incidence ranges between 0.02 and 1.4 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The relevance of human AE refers to the high lethality of the untreated Disease. Therapy consists predominantly of radical surgery followed by continuous, long-term chemotherapy using albendazole (or mebendazole). The action of chemotherapy alone is parasitostatic rather than parasitocidal; nevertheless, clinical improvement is observed in > 80 % of such cases, including a significantly improved prognosis. Diagnosis relies predominantly on imaging procedures and serology. Immunodiagnosis must be performed early, especially when a preclinical diagnosis is desired upon exposure to infection. Thus, in the framework of seroepidemiological studies, first-time evidence was obtained about the phenomenon of natural resistance in non-Diseased persons. This raised the question of a potential immunogenetic predisposition in certain infected persons. E. granulosus (cystic Hydatid Disease) is practically non-existent as autochthonous infection in central Europe now. Most clinical cases of E. granulosus infections are thus observed among persons who have immigrated from - predominantly - the mediterranean basin.
-
Cytologic diagnosis of isolated pancreatic Alveolar Hydatid Disease with immunologic and PCR analyses : A case report
Acta Cytologica, 1997Co-Authors: S Diebold-berger, H Khan, E Puget, J L Frossard, Bruno Gottstein, S RemadiAbstract:BACKGROUND Alveolar Hydatid Disease (AHD) is a rare and severe parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the fox tapeworm, Echinococcus multilocularis. AHD mainly involves the liver, and although it may extend progressively to the pancreas, isolated pancreatic localization has not been reported previously. CASE A 68-year-old white female presented with a multicystic mass in the pancreas. Fine needle aspiration showed some protoscolices, free hooklets and fragments of laminated layer, which are pathognomonic features of echinococcosis. Serologic analyses by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using Em2plus antigen showed high antibody reactivity of the patient's serum, which is indicative of an infection with E multilocularis. Diagnosis was finally confirmed by molecular and immunologic analyses of the cytologic material by polymerase chain reaction and direct immunofluorescence. CONCLUSION This case illustrates the value of cytology in the identification of echinococcosis, particularly when it involves extrahepatic sites, where the risk of misdiagnosis may be related to its extremely rare occurrence. Precise parasitologic tying of E multilocularis in endemic areas is important.
-
Immunological parameters associated with susceptibility or resistance to Alveolar Hydatid Disease in Yupiks/Inupiats.
Arctic medical research, 1996Co-Authors: Bruno Gottstein, Florence Bettens, A J Parkinson, F WilsonAbstract:Alveolar Hydatid Disease (AHD) is a serious and often fatal Disease with a relatively high prevalence among the Alaska native Yupik/Inupiat population. In a few patients, however, a spontaneous cure of the Disease has been shown by demonstrating the presence of dead metacestode lesions. The present study shows a comparative analysis of the humoral (antibody activity to two different antigens: Em2-antigen and recombinant II/3-10-antigen) immune response and a respective immunogenetic background (HLA-DR typing) in (i) "susceptible" patients who had a still active intrahepatic metacestode and (ii) "resistant" patients who were shown to be spontaneously cured by presenting dead and calcified lesions. Control groups included relatives who were genetically closely related and less related cohabitants of the same villages. Antibody levels in the Em2- and the II/3-10-ELISA were high for patients who had still active lesions and low (Em2-ELISA) or negative (II/3-10-ELISA) for cured patients with dead lesions. Comparative HLA-DR analyses between infected and non-infected Yupiks/Inupiats revealed a slight tendency for susceptibility markers respective to the HLA-DRB1*0901 and HLA-DRB1*1601,02 genes.
-
immunological parameters associated with susceptibility or resistance to Alveolar Hydatid Disease in yupiks inupiats
Arctic medical research, 1996Co-Authors: Bruno Gottstein, Florence Bettens, A J Parkinson, F WilsonAbstract:Alveolar Hydatid Disease (AHD) is a serious and often fatal Disease with a relatively high prevalence among the Alaska native Yupik/Inupiat population. In a few patients, however, a spontaneous cure of the Disease has been shown by demonstrating the presence of dead metacestode lesions. The present study shows a comparative analysis of the humoral (antibody activity to two different antigens: Em2-antigen and recombinant II/3-10-antigen) immune response and a respective immunogenetic background (HLA-DR typing) in (i) "susceptible" patients who had a still active intrahepatic metacestode and (ii) "resistant" patients who were shown to be spontaneously cured by presenting dead and calcified lesions. Control groups included relatives who were genetically closely related and less related cohabitants of the same villages. Antibody levels in the Em2- and the II/3-10-ELISA were high for patients who had still active lesions and low (Em2-ELISA) or negative (II/3-10-ELISA) for cured patients with dead lesions. Comparative HLA-DR analyses between infected and non-infected Yupiks/Inupiats revealed a slight tendency for susceptibility markers respective to the HLA-DRB1*0901 and HLA-DRB1*1601,02 genes.
A F Petavy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Echinococcus multilocularis in domestic cats in France. A potential risk factor for Alveolar Hydatid Disease contamination in humans.
Veterinary parasitology, 2000Co-Authors: A F Petavy, F Tenora, S Deblock, V SergentAbstract:In France, in North of Alps and South of Jura, around the Swiss town of Geneva, the cestode E. multilocularis was found in three out of 81 domestic cats necropsied given by veterinarians. Morphological and morphometric features established the identity of this species. In an endemic area of Alveolar Hydatid Disease, the prevalence of E. multilocularis in the domestic cat confirms that it is a risk factor for human beings and mainly for veterinarians.
-
Detection of antibodies against glycolipids of Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes in sera of patients with Alveolar Hydatid Disease.
Parasite immunology, 1991Co-Authors: Florence Persat, C. Vincent, Madeleine Mojon, A F PetavyAbstract:Glycosphingolipids extracted from Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes were tested against sera from patients with Alveolar Hydatid Disease (AHD). The tests were performed first by ELISA then by immunostaining on thin layer chromatography. A binding between the parasite glycolipids and antibodies of AHD human sera was observed by ELISA. The glycolipids related to this binding were specifically parasite neutral glycosphingolipids. No reaction was observed with parasite acid glycolipids nor with neutral glycolipid extracts from human or mongolian gerbil erythrocytes. Comparison between absorbance values of 25 AHD sera and 20 control sera showed significant differences. Similar results were obtained with sera from Hydatid cyst patients. Sera from patients with other parasitoses (schistosomiasis, strongyloidosis or paludism) were also tested. The reactive fractions were identified by immunostaining on thin layer chromatography with AHD sera, they were neutral glycosphingolipids containing at least two carbohydrate residues. These results were compared with chromatograms obtained with Hydatid cyst human sera and discussed.
-
Life cycles of Echinococcus multilocularis in relation to human infection.
The Journal of parasitology, 1991Co-Authors: A F Petavy, S Deblock, S. WalbaumAbstract:The cycle of Echinococcus multilocularus in natural and synanthropic hosts was investigated during 10 yr in an endemic focus of Alveolar Hydatid Disease in the Massif Central of France. The natural cycle, involving red foxes, Vulpes vulpes, and voles, Arvicola terrestris, existed immediately surrounding a village in which human cases of Alveolar Hydatid Disease occurred. Both foxes and free-ranging dogs could serve as the source of infection for the human population.
Mehdi Jabbari-nooghabi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Difficulties in the diagnosis and management of Alveolar Hydatid Disease: A case series.
Caspian journal of internal medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Ghodratollah Maddah, Abbas Abdollahi, Alireza Tavassoli, Reza Sharifi-nooghabi, Mohammad Taghi Rajabi-mashadi, Azadeh Jabbari-nooghabi, Mehdi Jabbari-nooghabiAbstract:Larval Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) also known as Alveolar colloid of the liver, is caused by a rodent cestode (Echinococcus multilocularis). Alveolar Hydatid Disease is a less common Disease which is mostly seen in countries with larger reservoirs of hosts (foxes, dogs and wolves) such as Antarctica and Arctic region (1). Biological behavior of larval Echinococcus multilocularis in human is similar to a malignant tumor that is determined by growth of damaging tissues and metastasis to distant organs. The Disease has a high mortality rate (more than 90 % within 10 years and virtually 100 % within 15 years of the onset of symptoms) in untreated cases (2). This larva differs from E. granulosus in cystic echinococcosis of the liver. The growth and proliferation of this larva is similar to a slow-growing tumor of the liver and can damage liver function. Sometimes, it is difficult to differentiate it from liver cancer because of invasion to biliary and vascular tissue of the liver. Early diagnosis and radical surgery provide the best chance for definitive treatment and cure (3). Although treatment of AE is less effective than treatment of cystic echinococcus, still the general approach to its treatment remains to be surgery with the purpose of complete resection of infected parts of involved organs. Also, liver transplantation can be a lifesaving approach in patients who are at risk of death (4). According to our review of literature, Alveolar echinococcosis had been reported in Iran as sporadic, (5) but in the past two decades, we detected an endemic area in Chenaran (Khorasan Razavi, Iran) with a population of 108,533 in 26,937 families (6). The aim of this study was to describe the clinical aspects and treatment results in patients with Alveolar echinococcosis.
M. Gillet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Liver Transplantation in Alveolar Hydatid Disease
Digestive Surgery, 1997Co-Authors: M. Suter, M. GilletAbstract:Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), or Alveolar Hydatid Disease (AHD), is an uncommon parasitic Disease which behaves like a malignant tumor of the liver, producing liver necrosis and invading the biliary tract, main hepatic vessels and surrounding structures. Only 25% of the patients are candidates for radical surgical resection, the only currently available definitive treatment. Ortho-topic liver transplantation (OLT) has been performed for terminal AE since the mid-1980s. This article reviews the specific problems related to OLT in AE. They represent a number of relative contraindications. Invasion of the duodenum and pancreas or the right atrium by the parasitic masses, and cerebral metastases, are absolute contraindication to OLT. Today, OLT can be considered in AE patients with chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome, severe secondary biliary cirrhosis, intractable cholangitis and biliary sepsis, or involvement of both lobes where radical resection is not possible. In our series, which comprises 22 of the 28 European patients transplanted for AE, 1- and 5-year actuarial survival are 78 and 65% respectively.
Andrew J. Hall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Domestic Pets as Risk Factors for Alveolar Hydatid Disease in Austria
American journal of epidemiology, 1998Co-Authors: Peter Kreidl, Franz Allerberger, Gerd Judmaier, Herbert Auer, Horst Aspöck, Andrew J. HallAbstract:To identify the risk of pet ownership (i.e., cats and dogs) for Alveolar echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, the habits and activities of 21 patients (histologic confirmation or positive serology with corresponding evidence on an ultrasonogram, radiograph, or computed tomography scan) in Austria during the period 1967-1997 were compared with the habits and activities of 84 controls matched by sex, age, and residence. Cat ownership (odds ratio (OR) = 6.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54-27.29) and hunting (OR = 7.83, 95% CI 1.16-52.77) were independent risk factors associated with Alveolar Hydatid Disease. The study is not in agreement with the hypothesis that eating mushrooms or certain wild berries which grow near the ground are the main risk factors for acquiring this Disease. No other behavior patterns or activities studied were identified as risk factors.
