The Experts below are selected from a list of 297 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Osama Salama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment of conventional solvent extraction vs supercritical fluid extraction of khella Ammi Visnaga l furanochromones and their cytotoxicity
Molecules, 2021Co-Authors: Noha Khalil, Mokhtar Bishr, Mohamed Amin, Mohamed Eldegwy, Mohamed I S Abdelhady, Osama SalamaAbstract:Background: Khella (Ammi Visnaga Lam.) fruits (Apiaceae) are rich in furanochromones, mainly khellin and visnagin, and are thus incorporated in several pharmaceutical products used mainly for treatment of renal stones. Methods: The objective of this study was to compare the yield of khellin and visnagin obtained using different conventional solvents and supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) with carbon dioxide (containing 5% methanol as co-solvent). Water, acetone and ethanol (30% and 95%) were selected as conventional solvents. Results: Highest extract yield was obtained from 30% ethanol (15.44%), while SCFE gave the lowest yield (4.50%). However, the percentage of furanochromones were highest in SCFE (30.1%), and lowest in boiling water extract (5.95%). HPLC analysis of conventional solvent extracts showed other coumarins that did not appear in supercritical fluid extraction chromatogram due to non-selectivity of solvent extraction. Ammi Visnaga extracts as well as standard khellin and visnagin were tested for their cytotoxic activity using sulforhodamine B assay on breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cell lines. Results revealed a strong cytotoxic activity (IC50 90 µg/mL). Conclusions: Thus, supercritical fluid extraction is an efficient, relatively safe, and cheap technique that yielded a more selective purified extract with better cytotoxic activity.
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Assessment of Conventional Solvent Extraction vs. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Khella (Ammi Visnaga L.) Furanochromones and Their Cytotoxicity
Molecules, 2021Co-Authors: Noha Khalil, Mokhtar Bishr, Mohamed El-degwy, Mohamed Amin, Mohamed Abdelhady, Osama SalamaAbstract:Background: Khella (Ammi Visnaga Lam.) fruits (Apiaceae) are rich in furanochromones, mainly khellin and visnagin, and are thus incorporated in several pharmaceutical products used mainly for treatment of renal stones. Methods: The objective of this study was to compare the yield of khellin and visnagin obtained using different conventional solvents and supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) with carbon dioxide (containing 5% methanol as co-solvent). Water, acetone and ethanol (30% and 95%) were selected as conventional solvents. Results: Highest extract yield was obtained from 30% ethanol (15.44%), while SCFE gave the lowest yield (4.50%). However, the percentage of furanochromones were highest in SCFE (30.1%), and lowest in boiling water extract (5.95%). HPLC analysis of conventional solvent extracts showed other coumarins that did not appear in supercritical fluid extraction chromatogram due to non-selectivity of solvent extraction. Ammi Visnaga extracts as well as standard khellin and visnagin were tested for their cytotoxic activity using sulforhodamine B assay on breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cell lines. Results revealed a strong cytotoxic activity (IC50 < 20 µg/mL) for the SCFE and standard compounds (khellin and visnagin) (IC50 ranging between 12.54 ± 0.57 and 17.53 ± 1.03 µg/mL). However, ethanol and acetone extracts had moderate cytotoxic activity (IC50 20–90 µg/mL) and aqueous extract had a weak activity (IC50 > 90 µg/mL). Conclusions: Thus, supercritical fluid extraction is an efficient, relatively safe, and cheap technique that yielded a more selective purified extract with better cytotoxic activity.
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Ammi Visnaga L., a Potential Medicinal Plant: A Review.
Molecules (Basel Switzerland), 2020Co-Authors: Noha Khalil, Mokhtar Bishr, Samar Desouky, Osama SalamaAbstract:Ammi Visnaga L. (Visnaga daucoides Gaertn., Family Apiaceae), also known as Khella Baldi or toothpick weed, is an annual or biennial herb indigenous to the Mediterranean region of North Africa, Asia, and Europe. The plant is known to have been used in traditional medicine a long time ago. Nowadays, it is used in modern medicine to treat many aliments such as renal colic and coronary insufficiency, and is used as an antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial, with a larvicidal effect on mosquito larvae. Peer-reviewed studies show that these pharmacological activities are due its valuable chemical constituents that include mainly essential oil, polyphenolic compounds including flavonoids, as well as γ-pyrones, represented mainly by khellin and visnagin. Its essential oil is reported to have antiviral, antibacterial, and larvicidal effects, while its flavonoid content is responsible for its antioxidant activity. Its γ-pyrone content has a powerful effect on facilitating the passage of kidney stones and relieving renal colic, in addition to having a relaxant effect on smooth muscle including that of the coronary arteries. The current review represents the progress in research on A. Visnaga in terms of either its chemistry or biological activities. This review represents scientific support material for the use of the plant by the pharmaceutical industry.
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effect of salicylic acid foliar spraying on growth parameters γ pyrones phenolic content and radical scavenging activity of drought stressed Ammi Visnaga l plant
Industrial Crops and Products, 2019Co-Authors: Sarah Osama, Mokhtar Bishr, Moshera El Sherei, Dalia A Almahdy, Osama SalamaAbstract:Abstract The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of drought stress and foliar spraying of salicylic acid (SA) on the secondary metabolites particularly the γ-pyrones and total polyphenolic content in the different organs of Ammi Visnaga L. plant. The following were measured: different growth parameters, γ-pyrones, total polyphenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts. From the results obtained, it was clear that drought stress had a negative impact on growth of the plant and on the yield of the fruits, whereas it caused an increase in the percentage of the two major γ-pyrones: khellin and visnagin in most organs. The adverse effects of drought stress on growth parameters was found to be partially alleviated by the salicylic acid foliar spray. On the other hand, combination of SA foliar spray and normal irrigation gave the highest percentage of khellin (1.544 ± 0.002%) and visnagin (0.902 ± 0.002%), as well as an increase in the yield of fruits per plant. In contrast, drought alone and in combination with SA significantly (p
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supercritical fluid extraction of γ pyrones from Ammi Visnaga l fruits
Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Mokhtar Bishr, Mohammed Abdel Hady, Mohamed Amin, Mohamed Eldegwy, Osama SalamaAbstract:Abstract Extraction with supercritical fluid technique has proved to be effective in many applications including extraction and separation of various active principals from medicinal plants. It was used due to its advantages especially safety, specificity, selectivity and ease of component recovery. Ammi Visnaga, L. belongs to the family Apiaceae. The fruits are used specifically for the treatment of kidney stones depending on its γ-Pyrones (mainly khellin and visnagin) [2]. The supercritical fluid extraction technique of khellin and visnagin was investigated and the operating conditions for their extraction were optimized. The effect of different pressure (150, 200, 300, 400 and 500 bars), temperature (35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 °C), and particle sizes of the raw material (0.5, 1, 1.4 mm and entire fruits) on the extract yield was studied under dynamic conditions for extraction for a run time of 90 min. Optimum supercritical extraction condition was found to be 200 bars at 45 °C and optimum particle size was found to be 1.4 mm. The yield is yellowish white bitter powder and measures 1.74% w/w relative to the dried weight of the fruits containing 38.414% w/w average γ-Pyrones content of which 29.4%w/w khellin, and 9.014%w/w visnagin. The obtained extracts were analyzed by reversed phase HPLC.
Mokhtar Bishr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment of conventional solvent extraction vs supercritical fluid extraction of khella Ammi Visnaga l furanochromones and their cytotoxicity
Molecules, 2021Co-Authors: Noha Khalil, Mokhtar Bishr, Mohamed Amin, Mohamed Eldegwy, Mohamed I S Abdelhady, Osama SalamaAbstract:Background: Khella (Ammi Visnaga Lam.) fruits (Apiaceae) are rich in furanochromones, mainly khellin and visnagin, and are thus incorporated in several pharmaceutical products used mainly for treatment of renal stones. Methods: The objective of this study was to compare the yield of khellin and visnagin obtained using different conventional solvents and supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) with carbon dioxide (containing 5% methanol as co-solvent). Water, acetone and ethanol (30% and 95%) were selected as conventional solvents. Results: Highest extract yield was obtained from 30% ethanol (15.44%), while SCFE gave the lowest yield (4.50%). However, the percentage of furanochromones were highest in SCFE (30.1%), and lowest in boiling water extract (5.95%). HPLC analysis of conventional solvent extracts showed other coumarins that did not appear in supercritical fluid extraction chromatogram due to non-selectivity of solvent extraction. Ammi Visnaga extracts as well as standard khellin and visnagin were tested for their cytotoxic activity using sulforhodamine B assay on breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cell lines. Results revealed a strong cytotoxic activity (IC50 90 µg/mL). Conclusions: Thus, supercritical fluid extraction is an efficient, relatively safe, and cheap technique that yielded a more selective purified extract with better cytotoxic activity.
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Assessment of Conventional Solvent Extraction vs. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Khella (Ammi Visnaga L.) Furanochromones and Their Cytotoxicity
Molecules, 2021Co-Authors: Noha Khalil, Mokhtar Bishr, Mohamed El-degwy, Mohamed Amin, Mohamed Abdelhady, Osama SalamaAbstract:Background: Khella (Ammi Visnaga Lam.) fruits (Apiaceae) are rich in furanochromones, mainly khellin and visnagin, and are thus incorporated in several pharmaceutical products used mainly for treatment of renal stones. Methods: The objective of this study was to compare the yield of khellin and visnagin obtained using different conventional solvents and supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) with carbon dioxide (containing 5% methanol as co-solvent). Water, acetone and ethanol (30% and 95%) were selected as conventional solvents. Results: Highest extract yield was obtained from 30% ethanol (15.44%), while SCFE gave the lowest yield (4.50%). However, the percentage of furanochromones were highest in SCFE (30.1%), and lowest in boiling water extract (5.95%). HPLC analysis of conventional solvent extracts showed other coumarins that did not appear in supercritical fluid extraction chromatogram due to non-selectivity of solvent extraction. Ammi Visnaga extracts as well as standard khellin and visnagin were tested for their cytotoxic activity using sulforhodamine B assay on breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cell lines. Results revealed a strong cytotoxic activity (IC50 < 20 µg/mL) for the SCFE and standard compounds (khellin and visnagin) (IC50 ranging between 12.54 ± 0.57 and 17.53 ± 1.03 µg/mL). However, ethanol and acetone extracts had moderate cytotoxic activity (IC50 20–90 µg/mL) and aqueous extract had a weak activity (IC50 > 90 µg/mL). Conclusions: Thus, supercritical fluid extraction is an efficient, relatively safe, and cheap technique that yielded a more selective purified extract with better cytotoxic activity.
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Ammi Visnaga L., a Potential Medicinal Plant: A Review.
Molecules (Basel Switzerland), 2020Co-Authors: Noha Khalil, Mokhtar Bishr, Samar Desouky, Osama SalamaAbstract:Ammi Visnaga L. (Visnaga daucoides Gaertn., Family Apiaceae), also known as Khella Baldi or toothpick weed, is an annual or biennial herb indigenous to the Mediterranean region of North Africa, Asia, and Europe. The plant is known to have been used in traditional medicine a long time ago. Nowadays, it is used in modern medicine to treat many aliments such as renal colic and coronary insufficiency, and is used as an antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial, with a larvicidal effect on mosquito larvae. Peer-reviewed studies show that these pharmacological activities are due its valuable chemical constituents that include mainly essential oil, polyphenolic compounds including flavonoids, as well as γ-pyrones, represented mainly by khellin and visnagin. Its essential oil is reported to have antiviral, antibacterial, and larvicidal effects, while its flavonoid content is responsible for its antioxidant activity. Its γ-pyrone content has a powerful effect on facilitating the passage of kidney stones and relieving renal colic, in addition to having a relaxant effect on smooth muscle including that of the coronary arteries. The current review represents the progress in research on A. Visnaga in terms of either its chemistry or biological activities. This review represents scientific support material for the use of the plant by the pharmaceutical industry.
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effect of salicylic acid foliar spraying on growth parameters γ pyrones phenolic content and radical scavenging activity of drought stressed Ammi Visnaga l plant
Industrial Crops and Products, 2019Co-Authors: Sarah Osama, Mokhtar Bishr, Moshera El Sherei, Dalia A Almahdy, Osama SalamaAbstract:Abstract The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of drought stress and foliar spraying of salicylic acid (SA) on the secondary metabolites particularly the γ-pyrones and total polyphenolic content in the different organs of Ammi Visnaga L. plant. The following were measured: different growth parameters, γ-pyrones, total polyphenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts. From the results obtained, it was clear that drought stress had a negative impact on growth of the plant and on the yield of the fruits, whereas it caused an increase in the percentage of the two major γ-pyrones: khellin and visnagin in most organs. The adverse effects of drought stress on growth parameters was found to be partially alleviated by the salicylic acid foliar spray. On the other hand, combination of SA foliar spray and normal irrigation gave the highest percentage of khellin (1.544 ± 0.002%) and visnagin (0.902 ± 0.002%), as well as an increase in the yield of fruits per plant. In contrast, drought alone and in combination with SA significantly (p
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supercritical fluid extraction of γ pyrones from Ammi Visnaga l fruits
Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Mokhtar Bishr, Mohammed Abdel Hady, Mohamed Amin, Mohamed Eldegwy, Osama SalamaAbstract:Abstract Extraction with supercritical fluid technique has proved to be effective in many applications including extraction and separation of various active principals from medicinal plants. It was used due to its advantages especially safety, specificity, selectivity and ease of component recovery. Ammi Visnaga, L. belongs to the family Apiaceae. The fruits are used specifically for the treatment of kidney stones depending on its γ-Pyrones (mainly khellin and visnagin) [2]. The supercritical fluid extraction technique of khellin and visnagin was investigated and the operating conditions for their extraction were optimized. The effect of different pressure (150, 200, 300, 400 and 500 bars), temperature (35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 °C), and particle sizes of the raw material (0.5, 1, 1.4 mm and entire fruits) on the extract yield was studied under dynamic conditions for extraction for a run time of 90 min. Optimum supercritical extraction condition was found to be 200 bars at 45 °C and optimum particle size was found to be 1.4 mm. The yield is yellowish white bitter powder and measures 1.74% w/w relative to the dried weight of the fruits containing 38.414% w/w average γ-Pyrones content of which 29.4%w/w khellin, and 9.014%w/w visnagin. The obtained extracts were analyzed by reversed phase HPLC.
Ladji Riad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimization of a novel biocomposite synthesis Ammi Visnaga extraction waste alginate for cd2 biosorption
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2015Co-Authors: Loubna Nouri, Zoubida Bendjama, Adh’ya-eddine Hamitouche, Salim Boumaza, Farida Kaouah, Mohamed Trari, Ladji RiadAbstract:Abstract A novel environmentally friendly biocomposite namely calcium alginate immobilized Ammi Visnaga ( Khella ) extraction waste was prepared by electrostatic extrusion method. A full factorial design 2 3 was used to optimize the beads preparation conditions. The effect of sodium alginate concentration ( X 1 ), biomass concentration ( X 2 ) and cross-linker concentration ( X 3 ) on the Cd 2+ removal efficiency was examined in a batch system with a fixed biocomposite dose of 1 g/L. Using the experimental results, a linear mathematical model representing the influence of different variables and their interactions was obtained. The optimized values of X 1 , X 2 and X 3 were found to be 4.35%, 2.5% and 1.99% respectively. The biocomposite beads were characterized by ATR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy for the surface morphology and optical microscopic for the particles size measurements.
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Optimization of a novel biocomposite synthesis (Ammi Visnaga extraction waste/alginate) for Cd2+ biosorption
International journal of biological macromolecules, 2015Co-Authors: Loubna Nouri, Zoubida Bendjama, Adh’ya-eddine Hamitouche, Salim Boumaza, Farida Kaouah, Mohamed Trari, Ladji RiadAbstract:Abstract A novel environmentally friendly biocomposite namely calcium alginate immobilized Ammi Visnaga ( Khella ) extraction waste was prepared by electrostatic extrusion method. A full factorial design 2 3 was used to optimize the beads preparation conditions. The effect of sodium alginate concentration ( X 1 ), biomass concentration ( X 2 ) and cross-linker concentration ( X 3 ) on the Cd 2+ removal efficiency was examined in a batch system with a fixed biocomposite dose of 1 g/L. Using the experimental results, a linear mathematical model representing the influence of different variables and their interactions was obtained. The optimized values of X 1 , X 2 and X 3 were found to be 4.35%, 2.5% and 1.99% respectively. The biocomposite beads were characterized by ATR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy for the surface morphology and optical microscopic for the particles size measurements.
Mohamed Amin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessment of Conventional Solvent Extraction vs. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Khella (Ammi Visnaga L.) Furanochromones and Their Cytotoxicity
Molecules, 2021Co-Authors: Noha Khalil, Mokhtar Bishr, Mohamed El-degwy, Mohamed Amin, Mohamed Abdelhady, Osama SalamaAbstract:Background: Khella (Ammi Visnaga Lam.) fruits (Apiaceae) are rich in furanochromones, mainly khellin and visnagin, and are thus incorporated in several pharmaceutical products used mainly for treatment of renal stones. Methods: The objective of this study was to compare the yield of khellin and visnagin obtained using different conventional solvents and supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) with carbon dioxide (containing 5% methanol as co-solvent). Water, acetone and ethanol (30% and 95%) were selected as conventional solvents. Results: Highest extract yield was obtained from 30% ethanol (15.44%), while SCFE gave the lowest yield (4.50%). However, the percentage of furanochromones were highest in SCFE (30.1%), and lowest in boiling water extract (5.95%). HPLC analysis of conventional solvent extracts showed other coumarins that did not appear in supercritical fluid extraction chromatogram due to non-selectivity of solvent extraction. Ammi Visnaga extracts as well as standard khellin and visnagin were tested for their cytotoxic activity using sulforhodamine B assay on breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cell lines. Results revealed a strong cytotoxic activity (IC50 < 20 µg/mL) for the SCFE and standard compounds (khellin and visnagin) (IC50 ranging between 12.54 ± 0.57 and 17.53 ± 1.03 µg/mL). However, ethanol and acetone extracts had moderate cytotoxic activity (IC50 20–90 µg/mL) and aqueous extract had a weak activity (IC50 > 90 µg/mL). Conclusions: Thus, supercritical fluid extraction is an efficient, relatively safe, and cheap technique that yielded a more selective purified extract with better cytotoxic activity.
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assessment of conventional solvent extraction vs supercritical fluid extraction of khella Ammi Visnaga l furanochromones and their cytotoxicity
Molecules, 2021Co-Authors: Noha Khalil, Mokhtar Bishr, Mohamed Amin, Mohamed Eldegwy, Mohamed I S Abdelhady, Osama SalamaAbstract:Background: Khella (Ammi Visnaga Lam.) fruits (Apiaceae) are rich in furanochromones, mainly khellin and visnagin, and are thus incorporated in several pharmaceutical products used mainly for treatment of renal stones. Methods: The objective of this study was to compare the yield of khellin and visnagin obtained using different conventional solvents and supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) with carbon dioxide (containing 5% methanol as co-solvent). Water, acetone and ethanol (30% and 95%) were selected as conventional solvents. Results: Highest extract yield was obtained from 30% ethanol (15.44%), while SCFE gave the lowest yield (4.50%). However, the percentage of furanochromones were highest in SCFE (30.1%), and lowest in boiling water extract (5.95%). HPLC analysis of conventional solvent extracts showed other coumarins that did not appear in supercritical fluid extraction chromatogram due to non-selectivity of solvent extraction. Ammi Visnaga extracts as well as standard khellin and visnagin were tested for their cytotoxic activity using sulforhodamine B assay on breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cell lines. Results revealed a strong cytotoxic activity (IC50 90 µg/mL). Conclusions: Thus, supercritical fluid extraction is an efficient, relatively safe, and cheap technique that yielded a more selective purified extract with better cytotoxic activity.
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supercritical fluid extraction of γ pyrones from Ammi Visnaga l fruits
Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Mokhtar Bishr, Mohammed Abdel Hady, Mohamed Amin, Mohamed Eldegwy, Osama SalamaAbstract:Abstract Extraction with supercritical fluid technique has proved to be effective in many applications including extraction and separation of various active principals from medicinal plants. It was used due to its advantages especially safety, specificity, selectivity and ease of component recovery. Ammi Visnaga, L. belongs to the family Apiaceae. The fruits are used specifically for the treatment of kidney stones depending on its γ-Pyrones (mainly khellin and visnagin) [2]. The supercritical fluid extraction technique of khellin and visnagin was investigated and the operating conditions for their extraction were optimized. The effect of different pressure (150, 200, 300, 400 and 500 bars), temperature (35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 °C), and particle sizes of the raw material (0.5, 1, 1.4 mm and entire fruits) on the extract yield was studied under dynamic conditions for extraction for a run time of 90 min. Optimum supercritical extraction condition was found to be 200 bars at 45 °C and optimum particle size was found to be 1.4 mm. The yield is yellowish white bitter powder and measures 1.74% w/w relative to the dried weight of the fruits containing 38.414% w/w average γ-Pyrones content of which 29.4%w/w khellin, and 9.014%w/w visnagin. The obtained extracts were analyzed by reversed phase HPLC.
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Supercritical fluid extraction of γ-Pyrones from Ammi Visnaga L. fruits
Elsevier, 2018Co-Authors: Mokhtar Bishr, Mohamed El-degwy, Mohammed Abdel Hady, Mohamed Amin, Osama SalamaAbstract:Extraction with supercritical fluid technique has proved to be effective in many applications including extraction and separation of various active principals from medicinal plants. It was used due to its advantages especially safety, specificity, selectivity and ease of component recovery.Ammi Visnaga, L. belongs to the family Apiaceae. The fruits are used specifically for the treatment of kidney stones depending on its γ-Pyrones (mainly khellin and visnagin) [2]. The supercritical fluid extraction technique of khellin and visnagin was investigated and the operating conditions for their extraction were optimized. The effect of different pressure (150, 200, 300, 400 and 500 bars), temperature (35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 °C), and particle sizes of the raw material (0.5, 1, 1.4 mm and entire fruits) on the extract yield was studied under dynamic conditions for extraction for a run time of 90 min. Optimum supercritical extraction condition was found to be 200 bars at 45 °C and optimum particle size was found to be 1.4 mm. The yield is yellowish white bitter powder and measures 1.74% w/w relative to the dried weight of the fruits containing 38.414% w/w average γ-Pyrones content of which 29.4%w/w khellin, and 9.014%w/w visnagin.The obtained extracts were analyzed by reversed phase HPLC. Keywords: Ammi Visnaga fruits, γ-Pyrones (khellin and visnagin), Supercritical fluid extraction and HPL
Noha Khalil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment of conventional solvent extraction vs supercritical fluid extraction of khella Ammi Visnaga l furanochromones and their cytotoxicity
Molecules, 2021Co-Authors: Noha Khalil, Mokhtar Bishr, Mohamed Amin, Mohamed Eldegwy, Mohamed I S Abdelhady, Osama SalamaAbstract:Background: Khella (Ammi Visnaga Lam.) fruits (Apiaceae) are rich in furanochromones, mainly khellin and visnagin, and are thus incorporated in several pharmaceutical products used mainly for treatment of renal stones. Methods: The objective of this study was to compare the yield of khellin and visnagin obtained using different conventional solvents and supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) with carbon dioxide (containing 5% methanol as co-solvent). Water, acetone and ethanol (30% and 95%) were selected as conventional solvents. Results: Highest extract yield was obtained from 30% ethanol (15.44%), while SCFE gave the lowest yield (4.50%). However, the percentage of furanochromones were highest in SCFE (30.1%), and lowest in boiling water extract (5.95%). HPLC analysis of conventional solvent extracts showed other coumarins that did not appear in supercritical fluid extraction chromatogram due to non-selectivity of solvent extraction. Ammi Visnaga extracts as well as standard khellin and visnagin were tested for their cytotoxic activity using sulforhodamine B assay on breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cell lines. Results revealed a strong cytotoxic activity (IC50 90 µg/mL). Conclusions: Thus, supercritical fluid extraction is an efficient, relatively safe, and cheap technique that yielded a more selective purified extract with better cytotoxic activity.
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Assessment of Conventional Solvent Extraction vs. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Khella (Ammi Visnaga L.) Furanochromones and Their Cytotoxicity
Molecules, 2021Co-Authors: Noha Khalil, Mokhtar Bishr, Mohamed El-degwy, Mohamed Amin, Mohamed Abdelhady, Osama SalamaAbstract:Background: Khella (Ammi Visnaga Lam.) fruits (Apiaceae) are rich in furanochromones, mainly khellin and visnagin, and are thus incorporated in several pharmaceutical products used mainly for treatment of renal stones. Methods: The objective of this study was to compare the yield of khellin and visnagin obtained using different conventional solvents and supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) with carbon dioxide (containing 5% methanol as co-solvent). Water, acetone and ethanol (30% and 95%) were selected as conventional solvents. Results: Highest extract yield was obtained from 30% ethanol (15.44%), while SCFE gave the lowest yield (4.50%). However, the percentage of furanochromones were highest in SCFE (30.1%), and lowest in boiling water extract (5.95%). HPLC analysis of conventional solvent extracts showed other coumarins that did not appear in supercritical fluid extraction chromatogram due to non-selectivity of solvent extraction. Ammi Visnaga extracts as well as standard khellin and visnagin were tested for their cytotoxic activity using sulforhodamine B assay on breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cell lines. Results revealed a strong cytotoxic activity (IC50 < 20 µg/mL) for the SCFE and standard compounds (khellin and visnagin) (IC50 ranging between 12.54 ± 0.57 and 17.53 ± 1.03 µg/mL). However, ethanol and acetone extracts had moderate cytotoxic activity (IC50 20–90 µg/mL) and aqueous extract had a weak activity (IC50 > 90 µg/mL). Conclusions: Thus, supercritical fluid extraction is an efficient, relatively safe, and cheap technique that yielded a more selective purified extract with better cytotoxic activity.
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Ammi Visnaga L., a Potential Medicinal Plant: A Review.
Molecules (Basel Switzerland), 2020Co-Authors: Noha Khalil, Mokhtar Bishr, Samar Desouky, Osama SalamaAbstract:Ammi Visnaga L. (Visnaga daucoides Gaertn., Family Apiaceae), also known as Khella Baldi or toothpick weed, is an annual or biennial herb indigenous to the Mediterranean region of North Africa, Asia, and Europe. The plant is known to have been used in traditional medicine a long time ago. Nowadays, it is used in modern medicine to treat many aliments such as renal colic and coronary insufficiency, and is used as an antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial, with a larvicidal effect on mosquito larvae. Peer-reviewed studies show that these pharmacological activities are due its valuable chemical constituents that include mainly essential oil, polyphenolic compounds including flavonoids, as well as γ-pyrones, represented mainly by khellin and visnagin. Its essential oil is reported to have antiviral, antibacterial, and larvicidal effects, while its flavonoid content is responsible for its antioxidant activity. Its γ-pyrone content has a powerful effect on facilitating the passage of kidney stones and relieving renal colic, in addition to having a relaxant effect on smooth muscle including that of the coronary arteries. The current review represents the progress in research on A. Visnaga in terms of either its chemistry or biological activities. This review represents scientific support material for the use of the plant by the pharmaceutical industry.
