The Experts below are selected from a list of 15 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Y. Y. Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Summary of findings from the Biomass Refining Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation (CAFI): corn stover pretreatment
Cellulose, 2009Co-Authors: Richard T Elander, Michael R Ladisch, Bruce E. Dale, Mark T Holtzapple, Y. Y. Lee, Colin Mitchinson, Charles E. WymanAbstract:The Biomass Refining Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation, with members from Auburn University, Dartmouth College, Michigan State University, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Purdue University, Texas A&M University, the University of British Columbia, and the University of California at Riverside, has developed comparative data on the conversion of corn stover to sugars by several leading pretreatment technologies. These technologies include Ammonia fiber expansion pretreatment, Ammonia Recycle Percolation pretreatment, dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment, flowthrough pretreatment (hot water or dilute acid), lime pretreatment, controlled pH hot water pretreatment, and sulfur dioxide steam explosion pretreatment. Over the course of two separate USDA- and DOE-funded projects, these pretreatment technologies were applied to two different corn stover batches, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of the remaining solids from each pretreatment technology using identical enzyme preparations, enzyme loadings, and enzymatic hydrolysis assays. Identical analytical methods and a consistent material balance methodology were employed to develop comparative sugar yield data for each pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. Although there were differences in the profiles of sugar release, with the more acidic pretreatments releasing more xylose directly in the pretreatment step than the alkaline pretreatments, the overall glucose and xylose yields (monomers + oligomers) from combined pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis process steps were very similar for all of these leading pretreatment technologies. Some of the water-only and alkaline pretreatment technologies resulted in significant amounts of residual xylose oligomers still remaining after enzymatic hydrolysis that may require specialized enzyme preparations to fully convert xylose oligomers to monomers.
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pretreatment and fractionation of corn stover by Ammonia Recycle Percolation process
Bioresource Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Tae Hyu Kim, Y. Y. LeeAbstract:Corn stover was pretreated with aqueous Ammonia in a flow-through column reactor, a process termed as Ammonia Recycle Percolation (ARP). The aqueous Ammonia causes swelling and efficient delignification of biomass at high temperatures. The ARP process solubilizes about half of xylan, but retains more than 92% of the cellulose content. Enzymatic digestibility of ARP-treated corn stover is 93% with 10 FPU/g-glucan enzyme loading. The SEM pictures and FTIR spectra confirm swelling and delignification effects of the ARP process. The X-ray crystallography data indicate that the basic crystalline structure of the cellulosic component of corn stover is not altered by the ARP treatment. Low-liquid ARP can reduce the liquid throughput and residence time to 3.3 mL/g-biomass and 10-12 min, without adversely affecting the overall effectiveness. The low-water ARP achieved 73.4% delignification and 88.5% digestibility with 15 FPU/g-glucan. The ethanol yield from the SSF of low-liquid ARP-treated corn stover using Saccharomyces cerevisiae reached 84% of the theoretical maximum. Successive operation of a hot-water treatment and the ARP was applied as a method of biomass fractionation. The two-stage process separated xylan in the first stage (84%) and lignin in the second stage (75%), resulting treated solid that contains 79% glucan.
Tae Hyu Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pretreatment and fractionation of corn stover by Ammonia Recycle Percolation process
Bioresource Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Tae Hyu Kim, Y. Y. LeeAbstract:Corn stover was pretreated with aqueous Ammonia in a flow-through column reactor, a process termed as Ammonia Recycle Percolation (ARP). The aqueous Ammonia causes swelling and efficient delignification of biomass at high temperatures. The ARP process solubilizes about half of xylan, but retains more than 92% of the cellulose content. Enzymatic digestibility of ARP-treated corn stover is 93% with 10 FPU/g-glucan enzyme loading. The SEM pictures and FTIR spectra confirm swelling and delignification effects of the ARP process. The X-ray crystallography data indicate that the basic crystalline structure of the cellulosic component of corn stover is not altered by the ARP treatment. Low-liquid ARP can reduce the liquid throughput and residence time to 3.3 mL/g-biomass and 10-12 min, without adversely affecting the overall effectiveness. The low-water ARP achieved 73.4% delignification and 88.5% digestibility with 15 FPU/g-glucan. The ethanol yield from the SSF of low-liquid ARP-treated corn stover using Saccharomyces cerevisiae reached 84% of the theoretical maximum. Successive operation of a hot-water treatment and the ARP was applied as a method of biomass fractionation. The two-stage process separated xylan in the first stage (84%) and lignin in the second stage (75%), resulting treated solid that contains 79% glucan.
Richard T Elander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Summary of findings from the Biomass Refining Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation (CAFI): corn stover pretreatment
Cellulose, 2009Co-Authors: Richard T Elander, Michael R Ladisch, Bruce E. Dale, Mark T Holtzapple, Y. Y. Lee, Colin Mitchinson, Charles E. WymanAbstract:The Biomass Refining Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation, with members from Auburn University, Dartmouth College, Michigan State University, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Purdue University, Texas A&M University, the University of British Columbia, and the University of California at Riverside, has developed comparative data on the conversion of corn stover to sugars by several leading pretreatment technologies. These technologies include Ammonia fiber expansion pretreatment, Ammonia Recycle Percolation pretreatment, dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment, flowthrough pretreatment (hot water or dilute acid), lime pretreatment, controlled pH hot water pretreatment, and sulfur dioxide steam explosion pretreatment. Over the course of two separate USDA- and DOE-funded projects, these pretreatment technologies were applied to two different corn stover batches, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of the remaining solids from each pretreatment technology using identical enzyme preparations, enzyme loadings, and enzymatic hydrolysis assays. Identical analytical methods and a consistent material balance methodology were employed to develop comparative sugar yield data for each pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. Although there were differences in the profiles of sugar release, with the more acidic pretreatments releasing more xylose directly in the pretreatment step than the alkaline pretreatments, the overall glucose and xylose yields (monomers + oligomers) from combined pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis process steps were very similar for all of these leading pretreatment technologies. Some of the water-only and alkaline pretreatment technologies resulted in significant amounts of residual xylose oligomers still remaining after enzymatic hydrolysis that may require specialized enzyme preparations to fully convert xylose oligomers to monomers.
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process and economic analysis of pretreatment technologies
Bioresource Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Tim Eggeman, Richard T ElanderAbstract:Five pretreatment processes (dilute acid, hot water, Ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX), Ammonia Recycle Percolation (ARP), and lime) for the liberation of sugars from corn stover are compared on a consistent basis. Each pretreatment process model was embedded in a full bioethanol facility model so that systematic effects for variations in pretreatment were accounted in the overall process. Economic drivers influenced by pretreatment are yield of both five and six carbon sugars, solids concentration, enzyme loading and hemicellulase activity. All of the designs considered were projected to be capital intensive. Low cost pretreatment reactors in some pretreatment processes are often counterbalanced by higher costs associated with pretreatment catalyst recovery or higher costs for ethanol product recovery. The result is little differentiation between the projected economic performances of the pretreatment options. Additional process performance data, especially involving the identification of optimal enzyme blends for each pretreatment approach and conditioning requirements of hydrolyzates at process-relevant sugar concentrations resulting from each pretreatment may lead to greater differentiation in projected process economics.
Jun Seok Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pretreatment of corn stover by low liquid Ammonia Recycle Percolation process
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2006Co-Authors: Tae Hyun Kim, Yoon Y Lee, Changshin Sunwoo, Jun Seok KimAbstract:A pretreatment method using aqueous Ammonia was investigated with the intent of minimizing the liquid throughput. This process uses a flow-through packed column reactor (or Percolation reactor). In comparison to the Ammonia Recycle Percolation (ARP) process developed previously in our laboratory, this process significantly reduces the liquid throughput to one reactor void volume in packed bed (2.0–4.7 mL of liquid/g of corn stover) and, thus, is termed low-liquid ARP (LLARP). In addition to attaining short residence time and reduced energy input, this process achieves 59–70% of lignin removal and 48–57% of xylan retention. With optimum operation of the LLARP to corn stover, enzymatic digestibilities of 95, 90 and 86% were achieved with 60, 15, and 7.5 filter paper units/g of glucan, respectively. In the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation test of the LLARP samples using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NREL-D5A), an ethanol yield of 84% of the theoretical maximum was achieved with 6% (w/v) glucan loading. In the simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (SSCF) test using recombinant Escherichia coli (KO11), both the glucan and xylan in the solid were effectively utilized, giving an overall ethanol yield of 109% of the theoretical maximum based on glucan, a clear indication that the xylan content was converted into ethanol. The xylooligomers existing in the LLARP effluent were not effectively hydrolyzed by cellulase enzyme, achieving only 60% of digestibility. SSCF of the treated corn stover was severely hampered when the substrate was supplemented with the LLARP effluent, giving only 56% the overall yield of ethanol. The effluent appears to significantly inhibit cellulase and microbial activities.
Tim Eggeman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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process and economic analysis of pretreatment technologies
Bioresource Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Tim Eggeman, Richard T ElanderAbstract:Five pretreatment processes (dilute acid, hot water, Ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX), Ammonia Recycle Percolation (ARP), and lime) for the liberation of sugars from corn stover are compared on a consistent basis. Each pretreatment process model was embedded in a full bioethanol facility model so that systematic effects for variations in pretreatment were accounted in the overall process. Economic drivers influenced by pretreatment are yield of both five and six carbon sugars, solids concentration, enzyme loading and hemicellulase activity. All of the designs considered were projected to be capital intensive. Low cost pretreatment reactors in some pretreatment processes are often counterbalanced by higher costs associated with pretreatment catalyst recovery or higher costs for ethanol product recovery. The result is little differentiation between the projected economic performances of the pretreatment options. Additional process performance data, especially involving the identification of optimal enzyme blends for each pretreatment approach and conditioning requirements of hydrolyzates at process-relevant sugar concentrations resulting from each pretreatment may lead to greater differentiation in projected process economics.