The Experts below are selected from a list of 55068 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jane M F Johnson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
corn Stover harvest changes soil hydrology and soil aggregation
Soil & Tillage Research, 2016Co-Authors: Jane M F Johnson, Jeffrey S Strock, Joel Tallaksen, Michael ReeseAbstract:Abstract In the United States, commercial-scale cellulosic-ethanol production using corn ( Zea mays L.) Stover has become a reality. As the industry matures and demand for Stover increases, it is important to determine the amount of biomass that can be sustainably harvested while safe-guarding soil quality and productivity. Specific study objectives were to measure indices of soil hydrological and aggregate stability responses to harvesting Stover; since Stover harvest may negatively impact soil hydrological and physical properties. Responses may differ with tillage management; thus, this paper reports on two independent studies on a tilled (Chisel field) and untilled field (NT1995 field). Each field was managed in a corn/soybean ( Glycine max [Merr.]) rotation and with two rates of Stover return: (1) all returned (Full Return Rate) and (2) an aggressive residue harvest leaving little Stover behind (Low Return Rate). Unconfined field soil hydraulic properties and soil aggregate properties were determined. Hydrological response to residue treatments in the Chisel field resulted in low water infiltration for both rates of residue removal. In NT1995 field, Full Return Rate had greater capacity to transmit water via conductive pathways, which were compromised in Low Return Rate. Collectively, indices of soil aggregation in both experiments provided evidence that the aggregates were less stable, resulting in a shift toward more small aggregates at the expense of larger aggregates when Stover is not returned to the soil. In both fields, aggressive Stover harvest degraded soil physical and hydrological properties. No tillage management did not protect soil in absence of adequate residue.
-
Assessing the Soil Carbon, Biomass Production, and Nitrous Oxide Emission Impact of Corn Stover Management for Bioenergy Feedstock Production Using DAYCENT
BioEnergy Research, 2014Co-Authors: Eleanor E. Campbell, Virginia L. Jin, Shannon L Osborne, Gary E Varvel, R. Michael Lehman, Jane M F Johnson, Keith PaustianAbstract:Harvesting crop residue needs to be managed to protect agroecosystem health and productivity. DAYCENT, a process-based modeling tool, may be suited to accommodate region-specific factors and provide regional predictions for a broad array of agroecosystem impacts associated with corn Stover harvest. Grain yield, soil C, and N_2O emission data collected at Corn Stover Regional Partnership experimental sites were used to test DAYCENT performance modeling the impacts of corn Stover removal. DAYCENT estimations of Stover yields were correlated and reasonably accurate (adjusted r ^2 = 0.53, slope = 1.18, p
-
Crop Residue Considerations for Sustainable Bioenergy Feedstock Supplies
BioEnergy Research, 2014Co-Authors: Douglas L. Karlen, Jane M F JohnsonAbstract:The anticipated 2014 launch of three full-scale corn Stover bioenergy conversion facilities is a strong US market signal that cellulosic feedstock supplies must increase dramatically to supply the required biomass in a sustainable manner. This overview highlights research conducted by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Renewable Energy Assessment Project (now known as the Resilient Economic Agricultural Practices) team as part of the National Institute for Food and Agriculture Sun Grant Regional Feedstock Partnership Corn Stover team. Stover and grain yield, soil organic carbon, soil aggregation, greenhouse gas, energy content of the Stover, and several other factors affecting the fledgling bioenergy industry are addressed in this special issue of the journal.
-
Multilocation Corn Stover Harvest Effects on Crop Yields and Nutrient Removal
BioEnergy Research, 2014Co-Authors: Douglas L. Karlen, Shannon L Osborne, Gary E Varvel, Jane M F Johnson, Stuart J. Birrell, Thomas E. Schumacher, Richard B. Ferguson, Jeff M. Novak, James R. Fredrick, John M. BakerAbstract:Corn ( Zea mays L.) Stover was identified as an important feedstock for cellulosic bioenergy production because of the extensive area upon which the crop is already grown. This report summarizes 239 site-years of field research examining effects of zero, moderate, and high Stover removal rates at 36 sites in seven different states. Grain and Stover yields from all sites as well as N, P, and K removal from 28 sites are summarized for nine longitude and six latitude bands, two tillage practices (conventional vs no tillage), two Stover-harvest methods (machine vs calculated), and two crop rotations {continuous corn (maize) vs corn/soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]}. Mean grain yields ranged from 5.0 to 12.0 Mg ha^−1 (80 to 192 bu ac^−1). Harvesting an average of 3.9 or 7.2 Mg ha^−1 (1.7 or 3.2 tons ac^−1) of the corn Stover resulted in a slight increase in grain yield at 57 and 51 % of the sites, respectively. Average no-till grain yields were significantly lower than with conventional tillage when Stover was not harvested, but not when it was collected. Plant samples collected between physiological maturity and combine harvest showed that compared to not harvesting Stover, N, P, and K removal was increased by 24, 2.7, and 31 kg ha^−1, respectively, with moderate (3.9 Mg ha^−1) harvest and by 47, 5.5, and 62 kg ha^−1, respectively, with high (7.2 Mg ha^−1) removal. This data will be useful for verifying simulation models and available corn Stover feedstock projections, but is too variable for planning site-specific Stover harvest.
-
assessing the soil carbon biomass production and nitrous oxide emission impact of corn Stover management for bioenergy feedstock production using daycent
ARS USDA Submissions, 2014Co-Authors: Eleanor E. Campbell, Virginia L. Jin, Shannon L Osborne, Gary E Varvel, Jane M F Johnson, Michael R Lehman, Keith PaustianAbstract:Harvesting crop residue needs to be managed to protect agroecosystem health and productivity. DAYCENT, a process-based modeling tool, may be suited to accommodate region-specific factors and provide regional predictions for a broad array of agroecosystem impacts associated with corn Stover harvest. Grain yield, soil C, and N2O emission data collected at Corn Stover Regional Partnership experimental sites were used to test DAYCENT performance modeling the impacts of corn Stover removal. DAYCENT estimations of Stover yields were correlated and reasonably accurate (adjusted r2=0.53, slope=1.18, p 3-kg N2ON ha−1 year−1. Overall, DAYCENT performed well at simulating Stover yields and low N2O emission rates, reasonably well when simulating the effects of management practices on average grain yields and SOC change, and poorly when estimating high N2O emissions. These biases should be considered when DAYCENT is used as a decision support tool for recommending sustainable corn Stover removal practices to advance bioenergy industry based on corn Stover feedstock material.
Kevin J Shinners - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Aerobic and Anaerobic Storage of Single-pass, Chopped Corn Stover
BioEnergy Research, 2011Co-Authors: Kevin J Shinners, Richard E. Muck, Aaron D. Wepner, Paul J. WeimerAbstract:Corn Stover has great potential as a biomass feedstock due its widespread availability. However, storage characteristics of moist corn Stover harvested from single-pass harvesters have not been well quantified. In 2007, whole-plant corn Stover at 19.1–40.3% (w.b.) moisture content was stored for 237 days in aerobic piles, one covered and one uncovered, as well an anaerobic silo bag. In 2008, two Stover materials—whole plant and cob/husk from 31.7% to 58.1% (w.b.) moisture—were stored for 183 or 204 days in covered and uncovered anaerobic piles, ventilated bags, or anaerobic silo bags. Stover stored in uncovered piles was rehydrated by precipitation, which increased biological activity resulting in dry matter (DM) losses from 8.2% to 39.1% with an average of 21.5%. Stover in covered piles was successfully conserved when the average moisture was less than 25% (w.b.) with DM losses of 3.3%. Stover above 36% (w.b.) moisture and piled under a plastic cover had DM losses from 6.4% to 20.2% with an average of 11.9%. Localized heating occurred in the aerobic piles when moisture was above 45% (w.b.) which lead to temperatures where spontaneous combustion might be a concern (i.e., >70°C). Ambient air blown through a center tube in the ventilated storage bag dried Stover near the tube to an average of 24.2% (w.b.), but the remainder of the bag averaged 46.8% (w.b.) at removal. Loss of DM ranged from 7.4% to 22.0% with an average of 11.8% with this storage method. Stover was most successfully conserved in the bags where anaerobic conditions were maintained. Under anaerobic conditions, DM losses ranged from 0.2% to 0.9%. When anaerobic conditions were not maintained in the silo bag, DM losses averaged 6.1% of DM. Anaerobic storage is the best solution for conserving the value of moist corn Stover.
-
fractional yield and moisture of corn Stover biomass produced in the northern us corn belt
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2007Co-Authors: Kevin J Shinners, Benjamin N BinversieAbstract:Corn Stover is an ideal biomass feedstock but the harvest and storage of this material present many challenges. Information on the fractional yield and moisture of Stover grown and collected in the Upper Midwest during the typical grain harvest period was used to estimate the expected yield and moisture when utilizing various harvesting methods. At grain harvest, the ratio of Stover to total crop dry mass averaged 48% and approximately 15%, 8%, 21%, and 56% of the total Stover dry mass resided in the cob, husk, leaf, and stalk fractions, respectively. Total Stover moisture ranged from 66% to 47% when grain moisture was less than 30%. The stalk moisture ranged from 69% to 56%, 63% to 45%, 52% to 32%, and 36% to 27% for the whole, top-three-quarters, top-half, and top-quarter of the stalk, respectively. The total Stover:grain moisture ratio averaged 2.15:1. A single-pass Stover and grain harvester that would collect the cob and husk plus the top-half, top-three-quarters or the entire stalk (and similar fraction of the leaves) was estimated to harvest 46%, 72%, and 100% of the available Stover at a range of moistures from 49% to 33%, 57% to 38%, and 64% to 48%, respectively. Another single-pass Stover and grain harvester that would collect the bottom half of the stalks, 50% of the top half of the stalk and 50% of the leaves was estimated to harvest 60% of the available Stover at a range of moistures from 69% to 55%.
-
comparison of wet and dry corn Stover harvest and storage
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2007Co-Authors: Kevin J Shinners, Benjamin N Binversie, Richard E. Muck, Paul J. WeimerAbstract:Abstract Corn Stover has great potential as a biomass feedstock, but harvest and storage of this material is challenged by weather conditions at harvest; material moisture; and equipment shortcomings. Field drying characteristics, harvest efficiency and rate, product bulk density, and storage characteristics were quantified for Stover harvested and stored in wet or dry form. Only in one case did Stover reach dry baling moisture (∼20%) in the first 4 d of field drying. Conventional hay and forage harvesting equipment (shredder, rake, forage harvester, round baler, and square baler) produced an average harvested yield of about 30% of the total available Stover mass. Harvesting capacity of this equipment was limited by difficulty in gathering shredded Stover. The density of chopped or baled Stover was less than that typically expected with hay and forage crops. Losses of wet Stover ensiled at 44% moisture averaged 3.9% with low levels of fermentation products. Dry Stover losses were 3.3% and 18.1% for bales stored indoors and outdoors, respectively. Harvesting wet Stover right after grain harvest was timelier and resulted in a greater harvesting rate and yield compared to dry Stover harvest. Storing wet Stover by ensiling resulted in lower losses and more uniform product moisture compared to dry Stover bales stored outdoors.
-
HARVEST AND STORAGE OF WET CORN Stover BIOMASS
2004 Ottawa Canada August 1 - 4 2004, 2004Co-Authors: Kevin J Shinners, Benjamin N BinversieAbstract:Stover moisture was dependent on growing conditions, Stover component, timing of grain harvest and length of time between grain and Stover harvest. The ratio of Stover mass harvested to total Stover DM yield averaged about 55, 50 and 37% for chopping, wet baling, and dry baling, respectively. Harvesting wet Stover as chopped material and ensiling in a bag was successful with average DM matter loss of 10.9% after 7 to 8 months storage. Harvesting wet Stover by baling and tube wrapping was also successful with average DM loss of 2.9%. Dry Stover bales stored indoors and outdoors had average DM losses of 3.3 and 18.1%, respectively. Stover harvested and stored as wet material had fewer weather related delays, greater harvesting efficiency, lower storage losses, more uniform moisture, and in some situations lower moisture after storage than dry Stover stored outdoors.
Guang Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Establishment of a highly efficient and low cost mixed cellulase system for bioconversion of corn Stover by Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger
Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2021Co-Authors: Lijun Shen, Gang Wang, Su Yingjie, Sun Yang, Chen Huan, Yu Xiaoxiao, Zhang Sitong, Guang ChenAbstract:Abstract The high cost of cellulase production is one of the main obstacles for the conversion of lignocellulose into high valued products. As a widely existing biomass resource, corn Stover can be used to reduce the cost of cellulase production. In this study, Parameters of producing cellulase by Trichoderma reesei were optimized using Response Surface methodology, the optimum conditions were as follows: 3.84% solid acid pretreated corn Stover, 1.19% yeast extract, initial pH of 5.01, 0.12% glycerol monostearate, 0.25% Na2HPO4, with 3% inoculum content for 12 days at 30 °C. Filter paper activity (FPA) of Trichoderma reesei was increased by 180% to 13.44 IU/mL. Enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were performed on different pretreated corn Stovers with Trichoderma reesei cellulase produced under optimal conditions, and the highest cellulose conversion efficiency reached 62.39%. In addition, a blend of Trichoderma reesei cellulase at a concentration of 30 FPU/g cellulose and Aspergillus niger beta-glucosidase at a concentration of 50 FPU/g cellulose could effectively hydrolyse alkali pretreated corn Stover, resulting in an improvement in the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency by 17.26% compared to Trichoderma reesei cellulase alone. In parallel, the mixed enzymes achieved an equivalent enzymatic effect with that of commercial cellulase (Novozymes, Cellic Ctec2) at the same concentration. These data suggested that solid acid pretreated corn Stover was a promising carbon source for fungal cellulase production for effective saccharification of corn Stover biomass. Glycerol monostearate was first found to have a strong induction effect on enzyme production. The development of a high efficiency and low-cost mixed enzyme system had a potential application in future industrialization scale.
-
pretreatment of corn Stover via sodium hydroxide urea solutions to improve the glucose yield
Bioresource Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Lianyue Shao, Guang Chen, Huan Chen, Yanli Li, Jiannan Li, Gang WangAbstract:Abstract Because of the abundance and renewability of lignocellulosic biomass, lignocellulose-derived biofuels and chemicals are promising alternatives to fossil resources. In this study, we developed a strategy for pretreating lignocellulose (corn Stover) using a sodium hydroxide–urea solution (SUs) and evaluated changes in the efficiency and structure. The results showed that treatment with 6% NaOH/12% urea at 80 °C for 20 min gave a glucose yield of 0.54 g/g corn Stover. Recycling of the NaOH/urea was also explored, and the average glucose yield over four pretreatment cycles was 0.44 g/g corn Stover. The structural characteristics of corn Stover were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compared with untreated corn Stover, NaOH/urea-pretreated corn Stover had more micropores, mesopores, and macropores, higher crystallinity, and a higher cellulose content. This pretreatment process is economical and efficient and has good application prospects for lignocellulose biorefinery.
-
an efficient strategy for enhancing enzymatic saccharification with delignified fungus myrothecium verrucaria and solid acid
Industrial Crops and Products, 2018Co-Authors: Yingjie Su, Xiaoxiao Yu, Huan Chen, Gang Wang, Guang ChenAbstract:Abstract In this work, corn Stover was studied as a lignocellulosic material with the potential of serving as a feedstock in the field of bioenergetics. To improve the enzymatic digestibility of carbohydrates in the lignocellulosic biomass, corn Stover was pretreated using Myrothecium verrucaria to deplete the lignin, combined with a solid acid pretreatment method to deplete the hemicellulose. The effects of lignin degradation conditions and solid acid concentration on cellulose conversion were investigated. The two-stage pretreatment with M. verrucaria and solid acid under optimal conditions gave 81.54% cellulose conversion yield, 214.22% higher than that of untreated corn Stover. Significant lignin and hemicellulose removal rates were observed with the two-stage pretreatment. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses showed major structural changes in the pretreated corn Stover. This study provided an efficient strategy to enhance the enzymatic saccharification of cellulose in corn Stover.
Benjamin N Binversie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
fractional yield and moisture of corn Stover biomass produced in the northern us corn belt
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2007Co-Authors: Kevin J Shinners, Benjamin N BinversieAbstract:Corn Stover is an ideal biomass feedstock but the harvest and storage of this material present many challenges. Information on the fractional yield and moisture of Stover grown and collected in the Upper Midwest during the typical grain harvest period was used to estimate the expected yield and moisture when utilizing various harvesting methods. At grain harvest, the ratio of Stover to total crop dry mass averaged 48% and approximately 15%, 8%, 21%, and 56% of the total Stover dry mass resided in the cob, husk, leaf, and stalk fractions, respectively. Total Stover moisture ranged from 66% to 47% when grain moisture was less than 30%. The stalk moisture ranged from 69% to 56%, 63% to 45%, 52% to 32%, and 36% to 27% for the whole, top-three-quarters, top-half, and top-quarter of the stalk, respectively. The total Stover:grain moisture ratio averaged 2.15:1. A single-pass Stover and grain harvester that would collect the cob and husk plus the top-half, top-three-quarters or the entire stalk (and similar fraction of the leaves) was estimated to harvest 46%, 72%, and 100% of the available Stover at a range of moistures from 49% to 33%, 57% to 38%, and 64% to 48%, respectively. Another single-pass Stover and grain harvester that would collect the bottom half of the stalks, 50% of the top half of the stalk and 50% of the leaves was estimated to harvest 60% of the available Stover at a range of moistures from 69% to 55%.
-
comparison of wet and dry corn Stover harvest and storage
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2007Co-Authors: Kevin J Shinners, Benjamin N Binversie, Richard E. Muck, Paul J. WeimerAbstract:Abstract Corn Stover has great potential as a biomass feedstock, but harvest and storage of this material is challenged by weather conditions at harvest; material moisture; and equipment shortcomings. Field drying characteristics, harvest efficiency and rate, product bulk density, and storage characteristics were quantified for Stover harvested and stored in wet or dry form. Only in one case did Stover reach dry baling moisture (∼20%) in the first 4 d of field drying. Conventional hay and forage harvesting equipment (shredder, rake, forage harvester, round baler, and square baler) produced an average harvested yield of about 30% of the total available Stover mass. Harvesting capacity of this equipment was limited by difficulty in gathering shredded Stover. The density of chopped or baled Stover was less than that typically expected with hay and forage crops. Losses of wet Stover ensiled at 44% moisture averaged 3.9% with low levels of fermentation products. Dry Stover losses were 3.3% and 18.1% for bales stored indoors and outdoors, respectively. Harvesting wet Stover right after grain harvest was timelier and resulted in a greater harvesting rate and yield compared to dry Stover harvest. Storing wet Stover by ensiling resulted in lower losses and more uniform product moisture compared to dry Stover bales stored outdoors.
-
HARVEST AND STORAGE OF WET CORN Stover BIOMASS
2004 Ottawa Canada August 1 - 4 2004, 2004Co-Authors: Kevin J Shinners, Benjamin N BinversieAbstract:Stover moisture was dependent on growing conditions, Stover component, timing of grain harvest and length of time between grain and Stover harvest. The ratio of Stover mass harvested to total Stover DM yield averaged about 55, 50 and 37% for chopping, wet baling, and dry baling, respectively. Harvesting wet Stover as chopped material and ensiling in a bag was successful with average DM matter loss of 10.9% after 7 to 8 months storage. Harvesting wet Stover by baling and tube wrapping was also successful with average DM loss of 2.9%. Dry Stover bales stored indoors and outdoors had average DM losses of 3.3 and 18.1%, respectively. Stover harvested and stored as wet material had fewer weather related delays, greater harvesting efficiency, lower storage losses, more uniform moisture, and in some situations lower moisture after storage than dry Stover stored outdoors.
Gang Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Establishment of a highly efficient and low cost mixed cellulase system for bioconversion of corn Stover by Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger
Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2021Co-Authors: Lijun Shen, Gang Wang, Su Yingjie, Sun Yang, Chen Huan, Yu Xiaoxiao, Zhang Sitong, Guang ChenAbstract:Abstract The high cost of cellulase production is one of the main obstacles for the conversion of lignocellulose into high valued products. As a widely existing biomass resource, corn Stover can be used to reduce the cost of cellulase production. In this study, Parameters of producing cellulase by Trichoderma reesei were optimized using Response Surface methodology, the optimum conditions were as follows: 3.84% solid acid pretreated corn Stover, 1.19% yeast extract, initial pH of 5.01, 0.12% glycerol monostearate, 0.25% Na2HPO4, with 3% inoculum content for 12 days at 30 °C. Filter paper activity (FPA) of Trichoderma reesei was increased by 180% to 13.44 IU/mL. Enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were performed on different pretreated corn Stovers with Trichoderma reesei cellulase produced under optimal conditions, and the highest cellulose conversion efficiency reached 62.39%. In addition, a blend of Trichoderma reesei cellulase at a concentration of 30 FPU/g cellulose and Aspergillus niger beta-glucosidase at a concentration of 50 FPU/g cellulose could effectively hydrolyse alkali pretreated corn Stover, resulting in an improvement in the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency by 17.26% compared to Trichoderma reesei cellulase alone. In parallel, the mixed enzymes achieved an equivalent enzymatic effect with that of commercial cellulase (Novozymes, Cellic Ctec2) at the same concentration. These data suggested that solid acid pretreated corn Stover was a promising carbon source for fungal cellulase production for effective saccharification of corn Stover biomass. Glycerol monostearate was first found to have a strong induction effect on enzyme production. The development of a high efficiency and low-cost mixed enzyme system had a potential application in future industrialization scale.
-
pretreatment of corn Stover via sodium hydroxide urea solutions to improve the glucose yield
Bioresource Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Lianyue Shao, Guang Chen, Huan Chen, Yanli Li, Jiannan Li, Gang WangAbstract:Abstract Because of the abundance and renewability of lignocellulosic biomass, lignocellulose-derived biofuels and chemicals are promising alternatives to fossil resources. In this study, we developed a strategy for pretreating lignocellulose (corn Stover) using a sodium hydroxide–urea solution (SUs) and evaluated changes in the efficiency and structure. The results showed that treatment with 6% NaOH/12% urea at 80 °C for 20 min gave a glucose yield of 0.54 g/g corn Stover. Recycling of the NaOH/urea was also explored, and the average glucose yield over four pretreatment cycles was 0.44 g/g corn Stover. The structural characteristics of corn Stover were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compared with untreated corn Stover, NaOH/urea-pretreated corn Stover had more micropores, mesopores, and macropores, higher crystallinity, and a higher cellulose content. This pretreatment process is economical and efficient and has good application prospects for lignocellulose biorefinery.
-
an efficient strategy for enhancing enzymatic saccharification with delignified fungus myrothecium verrucaria and solid acid
Industrial Crops and Products, 2018Co-Authors: Yingjie Su, Xiaoxiao Yu, Huan Chen, Gang Wang, Guang ChenAbstract:Abstract In this work, corn Stover was studied as a lignocellulosic material with the potential of serving as a feedstock in the field of bioenergetics. To improve the enzymatic digestibility of carbohydrates in the lignocellulosic biomass, corn Stover was pretreated using Myrothecium verrucaria to deplete the lignin, combined with a solid acid pretreatment method to deplete the hemicellulose. The effects of lignin degradation conditions and solid acid concentration on cellulose conversion were investigated. The two-stage pretreatment with M. verrucaria and solid acid under optimal conditions gave 81.54% cellulose conversion yield, 214.22% higher than that of untreated corn Stover. Significant lignin and hemicellulose removal rates were observed with the two-stage pretreatment. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses showed major structural changes in the pretreated corn Stover. This study provided an efficient strategy to enhance the enzymatic saccharification of cellulose in corn Stover.
