The Experts below are selected from a list of 18 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gereon Schares - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental chemotherapy of filariasis: Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of filaricidal compounds in Mastomys coucha infected with Litomosoides carinii, Acanthocheilonema viteae, Brugia malayi and B. pahangi
Acta Tropica, 1993Co-Authors: Horst Zahner, Gereon ScharesAbstract:Eleven types/classes of compound with antifilarial activity were comparatively evaluated in Mastomys coucha infected with Litomosoides carinii, Acanthocheilonema viteae, Brugia malayi or B. pahangi. The paper deals with the efficacy of (i) predominantly microfilaricidal compounds [diethylcarbamazine, levamisole, avermectins (ivermectin, milbemycin), nitrofurans (nitrofurantoin, hydroxymethylnitrofurantoin, nifurtimox, furazolidone, furapyrimidone), organophosphorals (metrifonate, haloxon), and aminophenyl-amidines], (ii) predominantly macrofilaricidal compounds [suramin, benzimidazoles (flubendazole, mebendazole, oxfendazole, ciclobendazole, albendazole, cambendazole, fenbendazole), and arsenicals (thiacetarsamide, Mel PH, R7/45)], and (iii) micro- and macrofilaricidal compounds [benzazole derivatives (CGP 20376 and other benzothiazoles) and nitrophenylamines (Amoscanate, CGP 6140)]. Minimum effective doses against microfilariae and minimum curative doses against adult filariae as well as detailed data on dose-efficacy relationships are reported for the various drugs. The results obtained in M. coucha are compared with those published for other experimental in vivo filarial systems, thus attempting to describe a general status of in vivo antifilarial activity of the compounds.
Horst Zahner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental chemotherapy of filariasis: Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of filaricidal compounds in Mastomys coucha infected with Litomosoides carinii, Acanthocheilonema viteae, Brugia malayi and B. pahangi
Acta Tropica, 1993Co-Authors: Horst Zahner, Gereon ScharesAbstract:Eleven types/classes of compound with antifilarial activity were comparatively evaluated in Mastomys coucha infected with Litomosoides carinii, Acanthocheilonema viteae, Brugia malayi or B. pahangi. The paper deals with the efficacy of (i) predominantly microfilaricidal compounds [diethylcarbamazine, levamisole, avermectins (ivermectin, milbemycin), nitrofurans (nitrofurantoin, hydroxymethylnitrofurantoin, nifurtimox, furazolidone, furapyrimidone), organophosphorals (metrifonate, haloxon), and aminophenyl-amidines], (ii) predominantly macrofilaricidal compounds [suramin, benzimidazoles (flubendazole, mebendazole, oxfendazole, ciclobendazole, albendazole, cambendazole, fenbendazole), and arsenicals (thiacetarsamide, Mel PH, R7/45)], and (iii) micro- and macrofilaricidal compounds [benzazole derivatives (CGP 20376 and other benzothiazoles) and nitrophenylamines (Amoscanate, CGP 6140)]. Minimum effective doses against microfilariae and minimum curative doses against adult filariae as well as detailed data on dose-efficacy relationships are reported for the various drugs. The results obtained in M. coucha are compared with those published for other experimental in vivo filarial systems, thus attempting to describe a general status of in vivo antifilarial activity of the compounds.
Utzinger J. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Research and development of antischistosomal drugs in the People's Republic of China a 60-year review
'Elsevier BV', 2010Co-Authors: Xiao S. H., Keiser J., Chen M. G., Tanner M., Utzinger J.Abstract:A comprehensive 60-year review of antischistosomal drug discovery and development research in the People's Republic of China (P.R. China) is presented. In the 1950s, three antimonials were developed, which, compared to potassium antimony tartrate-the treatment of choice against schistosomiasis at the time-showed equal efficacy but lower toxicity when administered orally or intramuscularly. Activity of furapromidum against Schistosoma japonicum was reported in the early 1960s, and this drug became the first non-antimonial used in clinical treatment of schistosomiasis japonica. Subsequently, two additional nitrofuran derivatives (furadiamine and fuvinazole) were investigated in the laboratory and clinically. In the late 1960s, niridazole and Amoscanate were developed by western scientists, which encouraged Chinese researchers to synthesise and further modify the chemical structures of these compounds. However, the modified compounds were less efficacious but similarly toxic, which impeded their further development. The advent of the safe, highly efficacious broad-spectrum antischistosomal drug praziquantel, in the mid-1970s, eventually resulted in a change of the global schistosomiasis control strategy from a multi-pronged transmission control approach to drug-based morbidity control. Numerous studies were carried out in P.R. China to further the understanding of efficacy, mechanism of action and safety of praziquantel against S. japonicum. Efforts have also been made to develop antischistosomal drugs from Chinese traditional medicine, and research with cucurbitin (an amino acid isolated from pumpkin seeds), among other products, showed interesting in vitro and in vivo activities against S. japonicum. In the 1990s, the artemisinins-originally reserved for malaria treatment-were developed as 'chemoprophylactic' agents against S. japonicum, which in turn led to a series of new developments of artemisinins and related compounds as broad-spectrum antischistosomal and anthelminthic therapies
Shekhar K.c. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Schistosomiasis drug therapy and treatment considerations.
1991Co-Authors: Shekhar K.c.Abstract:Schistosomiasis, a grave and debilitating disease of socioeconomic importance, is increasing in incidence despite concerted efforts to control and contain the disease in all the endemic areas. While a multipronged method of control using health education, sanitation and snail control has been used, chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis play the most important and crucial role in containing/preventing the transmission of the disease. Schistosomicides such as antimonials were introduced, as early as the 1990s as the drugs of choice and continued to be used until the early 1960s. The antimonials were administered intravenously, and produced severe side effects; the various variables that determined their effects at the site of action made their application difficult and adversely affected their use in large scale chemotherapy. The antimonials were then replaced by hycanthone and lucanthone which were administered intramuscularly. These drugs produced immediate side effects such as hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal disturbances, and were consequently withdrawn. It was then decided that the alternative was to produce synthetic drugs that could be administered orally. Niridazole, oxamniquine, and metrifonate were introduced as schistosomicidal agents, with drugs like oltipraz and Amoscanate still at clinical trial phase. Therapeutic doses of drugs like hycanthone, niridazole and Amoscanate have been found to cause many major side effects. A significant advance in the control of schistosomiasis chemotherapy is the introduction of a relatively safe, effective, broad spectrum oral helminthic agent, praziquantel. Studies have also shown that oxamniquine is as effective as praziquantel in eliminating intestinal S. mansoni infection, and metrifonate is as effective as praziquantel in eliminating urinary S. haematobium and S. mansoni infections. Praziquantel has been found to be effective in treating S. haematobium infections compared with metrifonate and more effective in treating S. mansoni infection when compared with oxamniquine. Because the drug is effective even when treating advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, with few side effects, praziquantel is currently the drug of choice for the treatment of any kind of schistosomiasis. The only limitation is the cost which restricts its use in many developing countries. While effective, safe drugs for mass chemotherapy are being developed, the problem of therapeutic failure and drug resistance is being reported from certain developing countries. Under these circumstances, alternative drugs must be resorted to. Mass treatment, a crucial goal in the eventual control of schistosomiasis, awaits a well-tolerated and nontoxic drug that will ultimately prove to be effective where cure is definite. Until such a time, while eradication of the disease is a near impossibility, reducing the intensity of infection can ultimately reduce morbidity and even mortality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS
Xiao S. H. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Research and development of antischistosomal drugs in the People's Republic of China a 60-year review
'Elsevier BV', 2010Co-Authors: Xiao S. H., Keiser J., Chen M. G., Tanner M., Utzinger J.Abstract:A comprehensive 60-year review of antischistosomal drug discovery and development research in the People's Republic of China (P.R. China) is presented. In the 1950s, three antimonials were developed, which, compared to potassium antimony tartrate-the treatment of choice against schistosomiasis at the time-showed equal efficacy but lower toxicity when administered orally or intramuscularly. Activity of furapromidum against Schistosoma japonicum was reported in the early 1960s, and this drug became the first non-antimonial used in clinical treatment of schistosomiasis japonica. Subsequently, two additional nitrofuran derivatives (furadiamine and fuvinazole) were investigated in the laboratory and clinically. In the late 1960s, niridazole and Amoscanate were developed by western scientists, which encouraged Chinese researchers to synthesise and further modify the chemical structures of these compounds. However, the modified compounds were less efficacious but similarly toxic, which impeded their further development. The advent of the safe, highly efficacious broad-spectrum antischistosomal drug praziquantel, in the mid-1970s, eventually resulted in a change of the global schistosomiasis control strategy from a multi-pronged transmission control approach to drug-based morbidity control. Numerous studies were carried out in P.R. China to further the understanding of efficacy, mechanism of action and safety of praziquantel against S. japonicum. Efforts have also been made to develop antischistosomal drugs from Chinese traditional medicine, and research with cucurbitin (an amino acid isolated from pumpkin seeds), among other products, showed interesting in vitro and in vivo activities against S. japonicum. In the 1990s, the artemisinins-originally reserved for malaria treatment-were developed as 'chemoprophylactic' agents against S. japonicum, which in turn led to a series of new developments of artemisinins and related compounds as broad-spectrum antischistosomal and anthelminthic therapies