The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Thomas Hans Fritz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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how music alters a kiss superior temporal gyrus controls fusiform Amygdalar effective connectivity
Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Corinna Pehrs, Lorenz Deserno, Janhendrik Bakels, Lorna H Schlochtermeier, Hermann Kappelhoff, Arthur M Jacobs, Thomas Hans FritzAbstract:While watching movies, the brain integrates the visual information and the musical soundtrack into a coherent percept. Multisensory integration can lead to emotion elicitation on which soundtrack valences may have a modulatory impact. Here, dynamic kissing scenes from romantic comedies were presented to 22 participants (13 females) during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. The kissing scenes were either accompanied by happy music, sad music or no music. Evidence from cross-modal studies motivated a predefined three-region network for multisensory integration of emotion, consisting of fusiform gyrus (FG), Amygdala (AMY) and anterior superior temporal gyrus (aSTG). The interactions in this network were investigated using dynamic causal models of effective connectivity. This revealed bilinear modulations by happy and sad music with suppression effects on the connectivity from FG and AMY to aSTG. Non-linear dynamic causal modeling showed a suppressive gating effect of aSTG on fusiform–Amygdalar connectivity. In conclusion, fusiform to Amygdala coupling strength is modulated via feedback through aSTG as region for multisensory integration of emotional material. This mechanism was emotion-specific and more pronounced for sad music. Therefore, soundtrack valences may modulate emotion elicitation in movies by differentially changing preprocessed visual information to the Amygdala.
Gorica D. Petrovich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Organization of connections between the Amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and lateral hypothalamus: a single and double retrograde tracing study in rats
Brain Structure and Function, 2016Co-Authors: Christina J. Reppucci, Gorica D. PetrovichAbstract:The Amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are highly interconnected telencephalic areas critical for cognitive processes, including associative learning and decision making. Both structures strongly innervate the lateral hypothalamus (LHA), an important component of the networks underlying the control of feeding and other motivated behaviors. The Amygdala–prefrontal–lateral hypothalamic system is therefore well positioned to exert cognitive control over behavior. However, the organization of this system is not well defined, particularly the topography of specific circuitries between distinct cell groups within these complex, heterogeneous regions. This study used two retrograde tracers to map the connections from the Amygdala (central and basolateral area nuclei) and mPFC to the LHA in detail, and to determine whether Amygdalar pathways to the mPFC and to LHA originate from the same or different neurons. One tracer was placed into a distinct mPFC area (dorsal anterior cingulate, prelimbic, infralimbic, or rostromedial orbital), and the other into dorsal or ventral LHA. We report that the central nucleus and basolateral area of the Amygdala send projections to distinct LHA regions, dorsal and ventral, respectively. The basolateral area, but not central nucleus, also sends substantial projections to the mPFC, topographically organized rostrocaudal to dorsoventral. The entire mPFC, in turn, projects to the LHA, providing a separate route for potential Amygdalar influence following mPFC processing. Nearly all Amygdalar projections to the mPFC and to the LHA originated from different neurons suggesting Amygdala and Amygdala–mPFC processing influence the LHA independently, and the balance of these parallel pathways ultimately controls motivated behaviors.
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appetitive associative learning recruits a distinct network with cortical striatal and hypothalamic regions
Neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: Sindy Cole, Michael P Hobin, Gorica D. PetrovichAbstract:The Amygdala, prefrontal cortex, striatum and other connected forebrain areas are important for reward-associated learning and subsequent behaviors. How these structurally and functionally dissociable regions are recruited during initial learning, however, is unclear. Recently, we showed Amygdalar nuclei were differentially recruited across different stages of cue-food associations in a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm. Here, we systematically examined Fos induction in the forebrain, including areas associated with the Amygdala, during early (day 1) and late (day 10) training sessions of cue-food conditioning. During training, rats in the conditioned group received tone-food pairings, while controls received presentations of the tone alone in the conditioning chamber followed by food delivery in their home cage. We found that a small subset of telencephalic and hypothalamic regions were differentially recruited during the early and late stages of training, suggesting evidence of learning-induced plasticity. Initial tone-food pairings recruited solely the Amygdala, while late tone-food pairings came to induce Fos in distinct areas within the medial and lateral prefrontal cortex, the dorsal striatum, and the hypothalamus (lateral hypothalamus and paraventricular nucleus). Furthermore, within the perifornical lateral hypothalamus, tone-food pairings selectively recruited neurons that produce the orexigenic neuropeptide orexin/hypocretin. These data show a functional map of the forebrain areas recruited by appetitive associative learning and dependent on experience. These selectively activated regions include interconnected prefrontal, striatal, and hypothalamic regions that form a discrete but distributed network that is well placed to simultaneously inform cortical (cognitive) processing and behavioral (motivational) control during cue-food learning.
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Differential recruitment of distinct Amygdalar nuclei across appetitive associative learning.
Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor N.Y.), 2013Co-Authors: Sindy Cole, Daniel J. Powell, Gorica D. PetrovichAbstract:The Amygdala is important for reward-associated learning, but how distinct cell groups within this heterogeneous structure are recruited during appetitive learning is unclear. Here we used Fos induction to map the functional Amygdalar circuitry recruited during early and late training sessions of Pavlovian appetitive conditioning. We found that a number of distinct Amygdalar nuclei were differentially recruited by tone–food pairings during the early and late stages of training, suggesting evidence of learning-induced plasticity. Notably, these selectively activated nuclei belong to dissociable subsystems that are well placed to simultaneously inform cortical (cognitive) processing and behavioral control during tone–food learning.
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Topography of projections from Amygdala to bed nuclei of the stria terminalis.
Brain Research Reviews, 2001Co-Authors: Hong-wei Dong, Gorica D. Petrovich, Larry W. SwansonAbstract:A collection of 125 PHAL experiments in the rat has been analyzed to characterize the organization of projections from each Amygdalar cell group (except the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract) to the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, which surround the crossing of the anterior commissure. The results suggest three organizing principles of these connections. First, the central nucleus, and certain other Amygdalar cell groups associated with the main olfactory system, innervate preferentially various parts of the lateral and medial halves of the bed nuclear anterior division, and these projections travel via both the stria terminalis and ansa peduncularis (ventral pathway). Second, in contrast, the medial nucleus, and the rest of the Amygdalar cell groups associated with the accessory and main olfactory systems innervate preferentially the posterior division, and the medial half of the anterior division, of the bed nuclei. And third, the lateral and anterior basolateral nuclei of the Amygdala (associated with the frontotemporal association cortical system) do not project significantly to the bed nuclei. For comparison, inputs to the bed nuclei from the ventral subiculum, infralimbic area, and endopiriform nucleus are also described. The functional significance of these projections is discussed with reference to what is known about the output of the bed nuclei.
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What is the Amygdala
Trends in neurosciences, 1998Co-Authors: Larry W. Swanson, Gorica D. PetrovichAbstract:'Amygdala' and 'Amygdalar complex' are terms that now refer to a highly differentiated region near the temporal pole of the mammalian cerebral hemisphere. Cell groups within it appear to be differentiated parts of the traditional cortex, the claustrum, or the striatum, and these parts belong to four obvious functional systems--accessory olfactory, main olfactory, autonomic and frontotemporal cortical. In rats, the central nucleus is a specialized autonomic-projecting motor region of the striatum, whereas the lateral and anterior basolateral nuclei together are a ventromedial extension of the claustrum for major regions of the temporal and frontal lobes. The rest of the Amygdala forms association parts of the olfactory system (accessory and main), with cortical, claustral and striatal parts. Terms such as 'Amygdala' and 'lenticular nucleus' combine cell groups arbitrarily rather than according to the structural and functional units to which they now seem to belong. The Amygdala is neither a structural nor a functional unit.
Frederic Laberge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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morphology and axonal projection pattern of neurons in the telencephalon of the fire bellied toad bombina orientalis an anterograde retrograde and intracellular biocytin labeling study
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2004Co-Authors: Gerhard Roth, Wolfgang Grunwald, Sabine Muhlenbrocklenter, Frederic LabergeAbstract:The connectivity and cytoarchitecture of telencephalic centers except dorsal and medial pallium were studied in the fire-bellied toad Bombina orientalis by anterograde and retrograde biocytin labeling and intracellular biocytin injection (total of 148 intracellularly labeled neurons or neuron clusters). Our findings suggest the following telencephalic divisions: (1) a central Amygdala–bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the caudal midventral telencephalon, connected to visceral–autonomic centers; (2) a vomeronasal Amygdala in the caudolateral ventral telencephalon receiving input from the accessory olfactory bulb and projecting mainly to the preoptic region/hypothalamus; (3) an olfactory Amygdala in the caudal pole of the telencephalon lateral to the vomeronasal Amygdala receiving input from the main olfactory bulb and projecting to the hypothalamus; (4) a medial Amygdala receiving input from the anterior dorsal thalamus and projecting to the medial pallium, septum, and hypothalamus; (5) a ventromedial column formed by a nucleus accumbens and a ventral pallidum projecting to the central Amygdala, hypothalamus, and posterior tubercle; (6) a lateral column constituting the dorsal striatum proper rostrally and the dorsal pallidum caudally, and a ventrolateral column constituting the ventral striatum. We conclude that the caudal mediolateral complex consisting of the extended central, vomeronasal, and olfactory Amygdala of anurans represents the ancestral condition of the amygdaloid complex. During the evolution of the mammalian telencephalon this complex was shifted medially and involuted. The mammalian basolateral Amygdala apparently is an evolutionary new structure, but the medial portion of the Amygdalar complex of anurans reveals similarities in input and output with this structure and may serve similar functions. J. Comp. Neurol. 478:35–61, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Morphology and axonal projection pattern of neurons in the telencephalon of the fire‐bellied toad Bombina orientalis: An anterograde, retrograde, and intracellular biocytin labeling study
The Journal of comparative neurology, 2004Co-Authors: Gerhard Roth, Sabine Mühlenbrock-lenter, Wolfgang Grunwald, Frederic LabergeAbstract:The connectivity and cytoarchitecture of telencephalic centers except dorsal and medial pallium were studied in the fire-bellied toad Bombina orientalis by anterograde and retrograde biocytin labeling and intracellular biocytin injection (total of 148 intracellularly labeled neurons or neuron clusters). Our findings suggest the following telencephalic divisions: (1) a central Amygdala–bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the caudal midventral telencephalon, connected to visceral–autonomic centers; (2) a vomeronasal Amygdala in the caudolateral ventral telencephalon receiving input from the accessory olfactory bulb and projecting mainly to the preoptic region/hypothalamus; (3) an olfactory Amygdala in the caudal pole of the telencephalon lateral to the vomeronasal Amygdala receiving input from the main olfactory bulb and projecting to the hypothalamus; (4) a medial Amygdala receiving input from the anterior dorsal thalamus and projecting to the medial pallium, septum, and hypothalamus; (5) a ventromedial column formed by a nucleus accumbens and a ventral pallidum projecting to the central Amygdala, hypothalamus, and posterior tubercle; (6) a lateral column constituting the dorsal striatum proper rostrally and the dorsal pallidum caudally, and a ventrolateral column constituting the ventral striatum. We conclude that the caudal mediolateral complex consisting of the extended central, vomeronasal, and olfactory Amygdala of anurans represents the ancestral condition of the amygdaloid complex. During the evolution of the mammalian telencephalon this complex was shifted medially and involuted. The mammalian basolateral Amygdala apparently is an evolutionary new structure, but the medial portion of the Amygdalar complex of anurans reveals similarities in input and output with this structure and may serve similar functions. J. Comp. Neurol. 478:35–61, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Lorenz Deserno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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how music alters a kiss superior temporal gyrus controls fusiform Amygdalar effective connectivity
Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Corinna Pehrs, Lorenz Deserno, Janhendrik Bakels, Lorna H Schlochtermeier, Hermann Kappelhoff, Arthur M Jacobs, Thomas Hans FritzAbstract:While watching movies, the brain integrates the visual information and the musical soundtrack into a coherent percept. Multisensory integration can lead to emotion elicitation on which soundtrack valences may have a modulatory impact. Here, dynamic kissing scenes from romantic comedies were presented to 22 participants (13 females) during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. The kissing scenes were either accompanied by happy music, sad music or no music. Evidence from cross-modal studies motivated a predefined three-region network for multisensory integration of emotion, consisting of fusiform gyrus (FG), Amygdala (AMY) and anterior superior temporal gyrus (aSTG). The interactions in this network were investigated using dynamic causal models of effective connectivity. This revealed bilinear modulations by happy and sad music with suppression effects on the connectivity from FG and AMY to aSTG. Non-linear dynamic causal modeling showed a suppressive gating effect of aSTG on fusiform–Amygdalar connectivity. In conclusion, fusiform to Amygdala coupling strength is modulated via feedback through aSTG as region for multisensory integration of emotional material. This mechanism was emotion-specific and more pronounced for sad music. Therefore, soundtrack valences may modulate emotion elicitation in movies by differentially changing preprocessed visual information to the Amygdala.
Loreta Medina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genoarchitecture of the extended Amygdala in zebra finch, and expression of FoxP2 in cell corridors of different genetic profile
Brain Structure and Function, 2017Co-Authors: Alba Vicario, Antonio Abellán, Ezequiel Mendoza, Constance Scharff, Loreta MedinaAbstract:We used a battery of genes encoding transcription factors (Pax6, Islet1, Nkx2.1, Lhx6, Lhx5, Lhx9, FoxP2) and neuropeptides to study the extended Amygdala in developing zebra finches. We identified different components of the central extended Amygdala comparable to those found in mice and chickens, including the intercalated Amygdalar cells, the central Amygdala, and the lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Many cells likely originate in the dorsal striatal domain, ventral striatal domain, or the pallidal domain, as is the case in mice and chickens. Moreover, a cell subpopulation of the central extended Amygdala appears to originate in the prethalamic eminence. As a general principle, these different cells with specific genetic profiles and embryonic origin form separate or partially intermingled cell corridors along the extended Amygdala, which may be involved in different functional pathways. In addition, we identified the medial Amygdala of the zebra finch. Like in the chickens and mice, it is located in the subpallium and is rich in cells of pallido-preoptic origin, containing minor subpopulations of immigrant cells from the ventral pallium, alar hypothalamus and prethalamic eminence. We also proposed that the medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is composed of several parallel cell corridors with different genetic profile and embryonic origin: preoptic, pallidal, hypothalamic, and prethalamic. Several of these cell corridors with distinct origin express FoxP2, a transcription factor implicated in synaptic plasticity. Our results pave the way for studies using zebra finches to understand the neural basis of social behavior, in which the extended Amygdala is involved.
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Olfactory and Amygdalar structures of the chicken ventral pallium based on the combinatorial expression patterns of LIM and other developmental regulatory genes.
Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2009Co-Authors: Antonio Abellán, Isabel Legaz, Baptiste Vernier, Sylvie Rétaux, Loreta MedinaAbstract:We compared the combinatorial expression patterns of several LIM domain-containing regulatory genes in the ventrolateral pallium of mouse and chicken, in order to identify the homologues of the ventral pallial Amygdala and other olfactory structures in birds. Lmo3, Lmo4, Lhx2, and Lhx9 showed comparable expression patterns in the telencephalon of mouse and chicken, which allowed distinction of the ventrolateral pallium and, particularly, the ventral pallial Amygdala and entorhinal cortex. Lmo3 was expressed in most of the ventrolateral pallium in both species, including, in chicken, the piriform cortex and dorsal ventricular ridge (mesopallium, nidopallium, and arcopallium) and, in mouse, the piriform cortex, most of the claustral complex, and the pallial Amygdala. Lhx9 was differentially expressed in the ventral pallium, where it was restricted to its rostral (olfactory bulb) and caudal (Amygdalar and entorhinal) poles. In the caudal pole, expression of Lhx9 overlapped that of its paralog Lhx2. According to these expression patterns, the chicken ventral pallial Amygdala appears to include the caudal dorsolateral pallium, the caudal nidopallium, and the whole arcopallium, and each one relates to a distinct ventricular sector. Finally, the combinatorial expression patterns of Lmo3, Lhx9, and Lmo4 distinguished four distinct subdivisions in the superficial, olfactorecipient area of the chicken ventral pallium, which appear comparable to the piriform, entorhinal, amygdalopiriform, and Amygdalar cortices of mammals. The results are discussed in the context of the two existing, opposite views on the homology of the dorsal ventricular ridge of sauropsids and in terms of the evolution of pallial derivatives.
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Expression of Dbx1, Neurogenin 2, Semaphorin 5A, Cadherin 8, and Emx1 distinguish ventral and lateral pallial histogenetic divisions in the developing mouse claustroamygdaloid complex.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 2004Co-Authors: Loreta Medina, Isabel Legaz, Gertrudis González, Fernando De Castro, John L.r. Rubenstein, Loreta Medina, Isabel Legaz, Luis PuellesAbstract:We studied the lateral and ventral pallial divisions of the claustroamygdaloid complex by means of analysis of expression patterns of the developmental regulatory genes Tbr1, Dbx1, Neurogenin 2, Emx1, Cadherin 8, and Semaphorin 5A in mouse developing telencephalon, from embryonic day 12.5 until birth. Our results indicate that these genes help to distinguish distinct lateral and ventral pallial histogenetic divisions in the embryonic telencephalon. Tbr1 is broadly expressed in both lateral and ventral pallial histogenetic divisions (the lateroventral migratory stream plus the mantle) during early and intermediate embryonic development; its signal becomes weak in parts of the mantle during late embryonic development. Dbx1 is strongly and specifically expressed in progenitor cells (ventricular zone) of the ventral pallium during early embryonic development, but there is no signal of this gene in the rest of the pallium nor the subpallium. Neurogenin 2 and Semaphorin 5A are both expressed in a ventral subdivision of the lateroventral migratory stream (called by us the ventral migratory stream). Further, specific nuclei of the claustral complex and pallial Amygdala show strong expression of Neurogenin 2 and/or Semaphorin 5A, including the ventromedial claustrum and endopiriform nuclei, the lateral and basomedial Amygdalar nuclei, the anterior and posteromedial cortical Amygdalar areas, plus the amygdalo-hippocampal area. We interpret these nuclei or areas of the claustroamygdaloid complex as possible derivatives of the ventral pallium. In contrast, during embryonic development the dorsolateral claustrum, the basolateral Amygdalar nucleus, and the posterolateral cortical Amygdalar area do not express or show weak expression of Neurogenin 2 or Semaphorin 5A, but express selectively and strongly Cadherin 8 plus Emx1, and may be derivatives of the lateral pallium. The lateral pallial and ventral pallial divisions of the claustroamygdaloid complex appear to have some different sets of connections, although this requires further investigation. J. Comp. Neurol. 474:504 –523, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
