Temporal Gyrus

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Ferenc A. Jolesz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • middle and inferior Temporal Gyrus gray matter volume abnormalities in first episode schizophrenia an mri study
    American Journal of Psychiatry, 2006
    Co-Authors: Toshiaki Onitsuka, Martha E. Shenton, Ron Kikinis, Ferenc A. Jolesz, Kiyoto Kasai, Dean F. Salisbury, Chandlee C Dickey, Sarah Toner, Melissa Frumin, Robert W Mccarley
    Abstract:

    Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of schizophrenia reveal Temporal lobe structural brain abnormalities in the superior Temporal Gyrus and the amygdala-hippocampal complex. However, the middle and inferior Temporal gyri have received little investigation, especially in first-episode schizophrenia. Method: High-spatial-resolution MRI was used to measure gray matter volume in the inferior, middle, and superior Temporal gyri in 20 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 20 patients with first-episode affective psychosis, and 23 healthy comparison subjects. Results: Gray matter volume in the middle Temporal Gyrus was smaller bilaterally in patients with first-episode schizophrenia than in comparison subjects and in patients with first-episode affective psychosis. Posterior gray matter volume in the inferior Temporal Gyrus was smaller bilaterally in both patient groups than in comparison subjects. Among the superior, middle, and inferior Temporal gyri, the left posterior superior Temporal Gyrus gray matter in the schizophrenia group had the smallest volume, the greatest percentage difference, and the largest effect size in comparisons with healthy comparison subjects and with affective psychosis patients. Conclusions: Smaller gray matter volumes in the left and right middle Temporal gyri and left posterior superior Temporal Gyrus were present in schizophrenia but not in affective psychosis at first hospitalization. In contrast, smaller bilateral posterior inferior Temporal Gyrus gray matter volume is present in both schizophrenia and affective psychosis at first hospitalization. These findings suggest that smaller gray matter volumes in the dorsal Temporal lobe (superior and middle Temporal gyri) may be specific to schizophrenia, whereas smaller posterior inferior Temporal Gyrus gray matter volumes may be related to pathology common to both schizophrenia and affective psychosis.

  • Progressive Decrease of Left Superior Temporal Gyrus Gray Matter Volume in Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia
    American Journal of Psychiatry, 2003
    Co-Authors: Kiyoto Kasai, Martha E. Shenton, Ron Kikinis, Dean F. Salisbury, Yoshio Hirayasu, Chang-uk Lee, Aleksandra A. Ciszewski, Deborah A. Yurgelun-todd, Ferenc A. Jolesz
    Abstract:

    Objective: Smaller Temporal lobe cortical gray matter volumes, including the left superior Temporal Gyrus, have been reported in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of patients with chronic schizophrenia and, more recently, in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. However, it remains unknown whether there are progressive decreases in Temporal lobe cortical gray matter volumes in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and whether similarly progressive volume decreases are present in patients with affective psychosis. Method: High-spatial-resolution MRI scans at initial hospitalization and 1.5 years later were obtained from 13 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 15 patients with first-episode affective psychosis (mainly manic), and 14 healthy comparison subjects. MRI volumes were calculated for gray matter of superior Temporal Gyrus and for the amygdala-hippocampal complex. Results: Patients with first-episode schizophrenia showed significant decreases in gray matter volume over time in the left superior Temporal Gyrus compared with patients with first-episode affective psychosis or healthy comparison subjects. This progressive decrease was more pronounced in the posterior portion of the left superior Temporal Gyrus (mean=9.6%) than in the anterior portions (mean= 8.4%). No group differences in the rate of change over time were present in other regions. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate a progressive volume reduction of the left posterior superior Temporal Gyrus gray matter in patients with first-episode schizophrenia but not in patients with first-episode affective psychosis.

  • Superior Temporal Gyrus Volume Abnormalities and Thought Disorder in Left-Handed Schizophrenic Men
    American Journal of Psychiatry, 1999
    Co-Authors: Dorothy P. Holinger, Martha E. Shenton, Cynthia G. Wible, Robert Donnino, Ron Kikinis, Ferenc A. Jolesz
    Abstract:

    Objective: Studies of schizophrenia have not clearly defined handedness as a differentiating variable. Moreover, the relationship between thought disorder and anatomical anomalies has not been studied extensively in left-handed schizophrenic men. The twofold purpose of this study was to investigate gray matter volumes in the superior Temporal Gyrus of the Temporal lobe (left and right hemispheres) in left-handed schizophrenic men and lefthanded comparison men, in order to determine whether thought disorder in the left-handed schizophrenic men correlated with tissue volume abnormalities. Method: Left-handed male patients (N=8) with DSM-III-R diagnoses of schizophrenia were compared with left-handed comparison men (N=10) matched for age, socioeconomic status, and IQ. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a 1.5-T magnet was used to obtain scans, which consisted of contiguous 1.5-mm slices of the whole brain. MRI analyses (as previously defined by the authors) included the anterior, posterior, and total superior Temporal Gyrus in both the left and right hemispheres. Results: There were three significant findings regarding the left-handed schizophrenic men: 1) bilaterally smaller gray matter volumes in the posterior superior Temporal Gyrus (16% smaller on the right, 15% smaller on the left); 2) a smaller volume on the right side of the total superior Temporal Gyrus; and 3) a positive correlation between thought disorder and tissue volume in the right anterior superior Temporal Gyrus. Conclusions: These results suggest that expression of brain pathology differs between left-handed and right-handed schizophrenic men and that the pathology is related to cognitive disturbance. (Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156:1730‐1735)

  • Auditory P300 Abnormalities and Left Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia
    Archives of General Psychiatry, 1993
    Co-Authors: Martha E. Shenton, Ron Kikinis, Brian F. O'donnell, Stephen F. Faux, Paul G. Nestor, Ferenc A. Jolesz
    Abstract:

    • Abnormalities in the auditory P300 event-related potential are one of the most robust findings in schizophrenia. To investigate the brain source(s) of this major functional abnormality, we combined P300 recordings with the use of a new generation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology to examine specific Temporal lobe gray matter regions of interest in schizophrenics and normal controls. In schizophrenics, gray matter volume reductions in the left posterior superior Temporal Gyrus (STG), which includes Heschl's Gyrus and the planum Temporale, were highly and specifically associated with both P300 amplitude reduction and left

Martha E. Shenton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • increased diffusivity in superior Temporal Gyrus in patients with schizophrenia a diffusion tensor imaging study
    Schizophrenia Research, 2009
    Co-Authors: Kanguk Lee, Robert W Mccarley, Takeshi Yoshida, Marek Kubicki, Sylvain Bouix, Carlfredrik Westin, Gordon Kindlmann, Margaret A Niznikiewicz, Adam B Cohen, Martha E. Shenton
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Superior Temporal Gyrus (STG) volume reduction is one of the most consistent findings in schizophrenia. The goal of this study was to conduct the first Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) study to investigate altered structural integrity in STG gray and white matter in patients with chronic schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. Methods Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DTI were acquired in 21 male patients with schizophrenia and 22 age-, handedness-, and parental social economic status-matched male comparison subjects. After manual segmentation of gray and white matter, mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy were measured within STG. Correlational analyses were also conducted to test possible associations between DTI and clinical measures, including positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Results Compared with controls, patients demonstrated reduced volume, bilaterally, in STG gray matter but not in white matter. For DTI measures, patients showed increased mean diffusivity, bilaterally, in STG gray matter, and in left STG white matter. In addition, mean diffusivity in left STG white matter showed statistically significant correlations with auditory hallucinations and attentional impairments in patients. Conclusions These findings suggest a disruption of tissue integrity in STG gray and white matter in schizophrenia. In addition, increased water diffusivity in left-side STG, which was associated with auditory hallucinations and attentional impairments, suggests the possibility of a disconnection among auditory/language processing regions in schizophrenia.

  • middle and inferior Temporal Gyrus gray matter volume abnormalities in first episode schizophrenia an mri study
    American Journal of Psychiatry, 2006
    Co-Authors: Toshiaki Onitsuka, Martha E. Shenton, Ron Kikinis, Ferenc A. Jolesz, Kiyoto Kasai, Dean F. Salisbury, Chandlee C Dickey, Sarah Toner, Melissa Frumin, Robert W Mccarley
    Abstract:

    Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of schizophrenia reveal Temporal lobe structural brain abnormalities in the superior Temporal Gyrus and the amygdala-hippocampal complex. However, the middle and inferior Temporal gyri have received little investigation, especially in first-episode schizophrenia. Method: High-spatial-resolution MRI was used to measure gray matter volume in the inferior, middle, and superior Temporal gyri in 20 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 20 patients with first-episode affective psychosis, and 23 healthy comparison subjects. Results: Gray matter volume in the middle Temporal Gyrus was smaller bilaterally in patients with first-episode schizophrenia than in comparison subjects and in patients with first-episode affective psychosis. Posterior gray matter volume in the inferior Temporal Gyrus was smaller bilaterally in both patient groups than in comparison subjects. Among the superior, middle, and inferior Temporal gyri, the left posterior superior Temporal Gyrus gray matter in the schizophrenia group had the smallest volume, the greatest percentage difference, and the largest effect size in comparisons with healthy comparison subjects and with affective psychosis patients. Conclusions: Smaller gray matter volumes in the left and right middle Temporal gyri and left posterior superior Temporal Gyrus were present in schizophrenia but not in affective psychosis at first hospitalization. In contrast, smaller bilateral posterior inferior Temporal Gyrus gray matter volume is present in both schizophrenia and affective psychosis at first hospitalization. These findings suggest that smaller gray matter volumes in the dorsal Temporal lobe (superior and middle Temporal gyri) may be specific to schizophrenia, whereas smaller posterior inferior Temporal Gyrus gray matter volumes may be related to pathology common to both schizophrenia and affective psychosis.

  • Progressive Decrease of Left Superior Temporal Gyrus Gray Matter Volume in Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia
    American Journal of Psychiatry, 2003
    Co-Authors: Kiyoto Kasai, Martha E. Shenton, Ron Kikinis, Dean F. Salisbury, Yoshio Hirayasu, Chang-uk Lee, Aleksandra A. Ciszewski, Deborah A. Yurgelun-todd, Ferenc A. Jolesz
    Abstract:

    Objective: Smaller Temporal lobe cortical gray matter volumes, including the left superior Temporal Gyrus, have been reported in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of patients with chronic schizophrenia and, more recently, in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. However, it remains unknown whether there are progressive decreases in Temporal lobe cortical gray matter volumes in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and whether similarly progressive volume decreases are present in patients with affective psychosis. Method: High-spatial-resolution MRI scans at initial hospitalization and 1.5 years later were obtained from 13 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 15 patients with first-episode affective psychosis (mainly manic), and 14 healthy comparison subjects. MRI volumes were calculated for gray matter of superior Temporal Gyrus and for the amygdala-hippocampal complex. Results: Patients with first-episode schizophrenia showed significant decreases in gray matter volume over time in the left superior Temporal Gyrus compared with patients with first-episode affective psychosis or healthy comparison subjects. This progressive decrease was more pronounced in the posterior portion of the left superior Temporal Gyrus (mean=9.6%) than in the anterior portions (mean= 8.4%). No group differences in the rate of change over time were present in other regions. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate a progressive volume reduction of the left posterior superior Temporal Gyrus gray matter in patients with first-episode schizophrenia but not in patients with first-episode affective psychosis.

  • Superior Temporal Gyrus Volume Abnormalities and Thought Disorder in Left-Handed Schizophrenic Men
    American Journal of Psychiatry, 1999
    Co-Authors: Dorothy P. Holinger, Martha E. Shenton, Cynthia G. Wible, Robert Donnino, Ron Kikinis, Ferenc A. Jolesz
    Abstract:

    Objective: Studies of schizophrenia have not clearly defined handedness as a differentiating variable. Moreover, the relationship between thought disorder and anatomical anomalies has not been studied extensively in left-handed schizophrenic men. The twofold purpose of this study was to investigate gray matter volumes in the superior Temporal Gyrus of the Temporal lobe (left and right hemispheres) in left-handed schizophrenic men and lefthanded comparison men, in order to determine whether thought disorder in the left-handed schizophrenic men correlated with tissue volume abnormalities. Method: Left-handed male patients (N=8) with DSM-III-R diagnoses of schizophrenia were compared with left-handed comparison men (N=10) matched for age, socioeconomic status, and IQ. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a 1.5-T magnet was used to obtain scans, which consisted of contiguous 1.5-mm slices of the whole brain. MRI analyses (as previously defined by the authors) included the anterior, posterior, and total superior Temporal Gyrus in both the left and right hemispheres. Results: There were three significant findings regarding the left-handed schizophrenic men: 1) bilaterally smaller gray matter volumes in the posterior superior Temporal Gyrus (16% smaller on the right, 15% smaller on the left); 2) a smaller volume on the right side of the total superior Temporal Gyrus; and 3) a positive correlation between thought disorder and tissue volume in the right anterior superior Temporal Gyrus. Conclusions: These results suggest that expression of brain pathology differs between left-handed and right-handed schizophrenic men and that the pathology is related to cognitive disturbance. (Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156:1730‐1735)

  • Auditory P300 Abnormalities and Left Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia
    Archives of General Psychiatry, 1993
    Co-Authors: Martha E. Shenton, Ron Kikinis, Brian F. O'donnell, Stephen F. Faux, Paul G. Nestor, Ferenc A. Jolesz
    Abstract:

    • Abnormalities in the auditory P300 event-related potential are one of the most robust findings in schizophrenia. To investigate the brain source(s) of this major functional abnormality, we combined P300 recordings with the use of a new generation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology to examine specific Temporal lobe gray matter regions of interest in schizophrenics and normal controls. In schizophrenics, gray matter volume reductions in the left posterior superior Temporal Gyrus (STG), which includes Heschl's Gyrus and the planum Temporale, were highly and specifically associated with both P300 amplitude reduction and left

Ron Kikinis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • middle and inferior Temporal Gyrus gray matter volume abnormalities in first episode schizophrenia an mri study
    American Journal of Psychiatry, 2006
    Co-Authors: Toshiaki Onitsuka, Martha E. Shenton, Ron Kikinis, Ferenc A. Jolesz, Kiyoto Kasai, Dean F. Salisbury, Chandlee C Dickey, Sarah Toner, Melissa Frumin, Robert W Mccarley
    Abstract:

    Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of schizophrenia reveal Temporal lobe structural brain abnormalities in the superior Temporal Gyrus and the amygdala-hippocampal complex. However, the middle and inferior Temporal gyri have received little investigation, especially in first-episode schizophrenia. Method: High-spatial-resolution MRI was used to measure gray matter volume in the inferior, middle, and superior Temporal gyri in 20 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 20 patients with first-episode affective psychosis, and 23 healthy comparison subjects. Results: Gray matter volume in the middle Temporal Gyrus was smaller bilaterally in patients with first-episode schizophrenia than in comparison subjects and in patients with first-episode affective psychosis. Posterior gray matter volume in the inferior Temporal Gyrus was smaller bilaterally in both patient groups than in comparison subjects. Among the superior, middle, and inferior Temporal gyri, the left posterior superior Temporal Gyrus gray matter in the schizophrenia group had the smallest volume, the greatest percentage difference, and the largest effect size in comparisons with healthy comparison subjects and with affective psychosis patients. Conclusions: Smaller gray matter volumes in the left and right middle Temporal gyri and left posterior superior Temporal Gyrus were present in schizophrenia but not in affective psychosis at first hospitalization. In contrast, smaller bilateral posterior inferior Temporal Gyrus gray matter volume is present in both schizophrenia and affective psychosis at first hospitalization. These findings suggest that smaller gray matter volumes in the dorsal Temporal lobe (superior and middle Temporal gyri) may be specific to schizophrenia, whereas smaller posterior inferior Temporal Gyrus gray matter volumes may be related to pathology common to both schizophrenia and affective psychosis.

  • Progressive Decrease of Left Superior Temporal Gyrus Gray Matter Volume in Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia
    American Journal of Psychiatry, 2003
    Co-Authors: Kiyoto Kasai, Martha E. Shenton, Ron Kikinis, Dean F. Salisbury, Yoshio Hirayasu, Chang-uk Lee, Aleksandra A. Ciszewski, Deborah A. Yurgelun-todd, Ferenc A. Jolesz
    Abstract:

    Objective: Smaller Temporal lobe cortical gray matter volumes, including the left superior Temporal Gyrus, have been reported in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of patients with chronic schizophrenia and, more recently, in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. However, it remains unknown whether there are progressive decreases in Temporal lobe cortical gray matter volumes in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and whether similarly progressive volume decreases are present in patients with affective psychosis. Method: High-spatial-resolution MRI scans at initial hospitalization and 1.5 years later were obtained from 13 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 15 patients with first-episode affective psychosis (mainly manic), and 14 healthy comparison subjects. MRI volumes were calculated for gray matter of superior Temporal Gyrus and for the amygdala-hippocampal complex. Results: Patients with first-episode schizophrenia showed significant decreases in gray matter volume over time in the left superior Temporal Gyrus compared with patients with first-episode affective psychosis or healthy comparison subjects. This progressive decrease was more pronounced in the posterior portion of the left superior Temporal Gyrus (mean=9.6%) than in the anterior portions (mean= 8.4%). No group differences in the rate of change over time were present in other regions. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate a progressive volume reduction of the left posterior superior Temporal Gyrus gray matter in patients with first-episode schizophrenia but not in patients with first-episode affective psychosis.

  • Superior Temporal Gyrus Volume Abnormalities and Thought Disorder in Left-Handed Schizophrenic Men
    American Journal of Psychiatry, 1999
    Co-Authors: Dorothy P. Holinger, Martha E. Shenton, Cynthia G. Wible, Robert Donnino, Ron Kikinis, Ferenc A. Jolesz
    Abstract:

    Objective: Studies of schizophrenia have not clearly defined handedness as a differentiating variable. Moreover, the relationship between thought disorder and anatomical anomalies has not been studied extensively in left-handed schizophrenic men. The twofold purpose of this study was to investigate gray matter volumes in the superior Temporal Gyrus of the Temporal lobe (left and right hemispheres) in left-handed schizophrenic men and lefthanded comparison men, in order to determine whether thought disorder in the left-handed schizophrenic men correlated with tissue volume abnormalities. Method: Left-handed male patients (N=8) with DSM-III-R diagnoses of schizophrenia were compared with left-handed comparison men (N=10) matched for age, socioeconomic status, and IQ. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a 1.5-T magnet was used to obtain scans, which consisted of contiguous 1.5-mm slices of the whole brain. MRI analyses (as previously defined by the authors) included the anterior, posterior, and total superior Temporal Gyrus in both the left and right hemispheres. Results: There were three significant findings regarding the left-handed schizophrenic men: 1) bilaterally smaller gray matter volumes in the posterior superior Temporal Gyrus (16% smaller on the right, 15% smaller on the left); 2) a smaller volume on the right side of the total superior Temporal Gyrus; and 3) a positive correlation between thought disorder and tissue volume in the right anterior superior Temporal Gyrus. Conclusions: These results suggest that expression of brain pathology differs between left-handed and right-handed schizophrenic men and that the pathology is related to cognitive disturbance. (Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156:1730‐1735)

  • Auditory P300 Abnormalities and Left Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia
    Archives of General Psychiatry, 1993
    Co-Authors: Martha E. Shenton, Ron Kikinis, Brian F. O'donnell, Stephen F. Faux, Paul G. Nestor, Ferenc A. Jolesz
    Abstract:

    • Abnormalities in the auditory P300 event-related potential are one of the most robust findings in schizophrenia. To investigate the brain source(s) of this major functional abnormality, we combined P300 recordings with the use of a new generation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology to examine specific Temporal lobe gray matter regions of interest in schizophrenics and normal controls. In schizophrenics, gray matter volume reductions in the left posterior superior Temporal Gyrus (STG), which includes Heschl's Gyrus and the planum Temporale, were highly and specifically associated with both P300 amplitude reduction and left

William M. Mcmahon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • superior Temporal Gyrus language function and autism
    Developmental Neuropsychology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Sherstin Mortensen, Shannon E Neeley, Lori Krasny, Sherri Provencal, Jeffrey K. Lu, Michael Johnson, Sally J Ozonoff, Erin D. Bigler, William M. Mcmahon
    Abstract:

    Deficits in language are a core feature of autism. The superior Temporal Gyrus (STG) is involved in auditory processing, including language, but also has been implicated as a critical structure in ...

  • Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter in the superior Temporal Gyrus and Temporal stem in autism.
    Neuroscience Letters, 2007
    Co-Authors: Jee Eun Lee, Andrew L. Alexander, Erin D. Bigler, Michael D. Johnson, Mariana Lazar, Molly B. Dubray, Moo K. Chung, Jubel Morgan, Judith Miller, William M. Mcmahon
    Abstract:

    Recent MRI studies have indicated that regions of the Temporal lobe including the superior Temporal Gyrus (STG) and the Temporal stem (TS) appear to be abnormal in autism. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measurements of white matter in the STG and the TS were compared in 43 autism and 34 control subjects. DTI measures of mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity were compared between groups. In all regions, fractional anisotropy was significantly decreased and both mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity were significantly increased in the autism group. These results suggest that white matter microstructure in autism is abnormal in these Temporal lobe regions, which is consistent with theories of aberrant brain connectivity in autism.

  • Superior Temporal Gyrus, Language Function, and Autism
    Developmental Neuropsychology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Erin D. Bigler, Sherstin Mortensen, Lori Krasny, Sherri Provencal, William M. Mcmahon, Sally J Ozonoff, E. Shannon Neeley, Michael D. Johnson, Janet E. Lainhart
    Abstract:

    Deficits in language are a core feature of autism. The superior Temporal Gyrus (STG) is involved in auditory processing, including language, but also has been implicated as a critical structure in social cognition. It was hypothesized that subjects with autism would display different size-function relationships between the STG and intellectual-language-based abilities when compared to controls. Intellectual ability was assessed by either the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Third Edition (WISC–III) or Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition (WAIS–III), where three intellectual quotients (IQ) were computed: verbal (VIQ), performance (PIQ), and full-scale (FSIQ). Language ability was assessed by the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Third Edition (CELF–3), also divided into three index scores: receptive, expressive, and total. Seven to 19-year-old rigorously diagnosed subjects with autism (n = 30) were compared to controls (n = 39; 13 of whom had a deficit in reading) of similar a...

Erin D. Bigler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • superior Temporal Gyrus language function and autism
    Developmental Neuropsychology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Sherstin Mortensen, Shannon E Neeley, Lori Krasny, Sherri Provencal, Jeffrey K. Lu, Michael Johnson, Sally J Ozonoff, Erin D. Bigler, William M. Mcmahon
    Abstract:

    Deficits in language are a core feature of autism. The superior Temporal Gyrus (STG) is involved in auditory processing, including language, but also has been implicated as a critical structure in ...

  • Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter in the superior Temporal Gyrus and Temporal stem in autism.
    Neuroscience Letters, 2007
    Co-Authors: Jee Eun Lee, Andrew L. Alexander, Erin D. Bigler, Michael D. Johnson, Mariana Lazar, Molly B. Dubray, Moo K. Chung, Jubel Morgan, Judith Miller, William M. Mcmahon
    Abstract:

    Recent MRI studies have indicated that regions of the Temporal lobe including the superior Temporal Gyrus (STG) and the Temporal stem (TS) appear to be abnormal in autism. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measurements of white matter in the STG and the TS were compared in 43 autism and 34 control subjects. DTI measures of mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity were compared between groups. In all regions, fractional anisotropy was significantly decreased and both mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity were significantly increased in the autism group. These results suggest that white matter microstructure in autism is abnormal in these Temporal lobe regions, which is consistent with theories of aberrant brain connectivity in autism.

  • Superior Temporal Gyrus, Language Function, and Autism
    Developmental Neuropsychology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Erin D. Bigler, Sherstin Mortensen, Lori Krasny, Sherri Provencal, William M. Mcmahon, Sally J Ozonoff, E. Shannon Neeley, Michael D. Johnson, Janet E. Lainhart
    Abstract:

    Deficits in language are a core feature of autism. The superior Temporal Gyrus (STG) is involved in auditory processing, including language, but also has been implicated as a critical structure in social cognition. It was hypothesized that subjects with autism would display different size-function relationships between the STG and intellectual-language-based abilities when compared to controls. Intellectual ability was assessed by either the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Third Edition (WISC–III) or Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition (WAIS–III), where three intellectual quotients (IQ) were computed: verbal (VIQ), performance (PIQ), and full-scale (FSIQ). Language ability was assessed by the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Third Edition (CELF–3), also divided into three index scores: receptive, expressive, and total. Seven to 19-year-old rigorously diagnosed subjects with autism (n = 30) were compared to controls (n = 39; 13 of whom had a deficit in reading) of similar a...

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