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Y Benaroch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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north sea caspian pattern ncp an upper level atmospheric teleconnection affecting the eastern mediterranean identification and definition
Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2002Co-Authors: H Kutiel, Y BenarochAbstract:An upper level atmospheric teleconnection between grid points: 0°, 55° N; 10° E, 55° N (North Sea) and 50° E, 45° N; 60° E, 45° N (northern Caspian) was identified. This teleconnection, referred as the North Sea-Caspian Pattern (NCP) is evident at the 500 hPa level. The NCP is more pronounced during winter and the transitional seasons. An index (NCPI) measures the geopotential heights differences between the two poles of the NCP. Time series of the NCPI are presented and analysed. Except for September, no significant temporal trends were found. Negative and positive phases of the NCP (NCP(−) and NCP(+), respectively) were defined using standardized scores. A classification of all months into NCP(−), NCP(+) or normal conditions during the Analysis Period (1958–1998) was prepared and analysed. No significant correlation was found between the NCPI and the NAO index. The anomalous circulation during either NCP(−) or NCP(+) conditions is defined and its possible impact on the regional climate is discussed. Preliminary results show below normal temperatures and above normal precipitation in the Balkans and the Middle East during NCP(+), and the opposite for NCP(−).
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north sea caspian pattern ncp an upper level atmospheric teleconnection affecting the eastern mediterranean identification and definition
Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2002Co-Authors: H Kutiel, Y BenarochAbstract:An upper level atmospheric teleconnection between grid points: 0°, 55° N; 10° E, 55° N (North Sea) and 50° E, 45° N; 60° E, 45° N (northern Caspian) was identified. This teleconnection, referred as the North Sea-Caspian Pattern (NCP) is evident at the 500 hPa level. The NCP is more pronounced during winter and the transitional seasons. An index (NCPI) measures the geopotential heights differences between the two poles of the NCP. Time series of the NCPI are presented and analysed. Except for September, no significant temporal trends were found. Negative and positive phases of the NCP (NCP(−) and NCP(+), respectively) were defined using standardized scores. A classification of all months into NCP(−), NCP(+) or normal conditions during the Analysis Period (1958–1998) was prepared and analysed. No significant correlation was found between the NCPI and the NAO index. The anomalous circulation during either NCP(−) or NCP(+) conditions is defined and its possible impact on the regional climate is discussed. Preliminary results show below normal temperatures and above normal precipitation in the Balkans and the Middle East during NCP(+), and the opposite for NCP(−).
H Kutiel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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north sea caspian pattern ncp an upper level atmospheric teleconnection affecting the eastern mediterranean identification and definition
Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2002Co-Authors: H Kutiel, Y BenarochAbstract:An upper level atmospheric teleconnection between grid points: 0°, 55° N; 10° E, 55° N (North Sea) and 50° E, 45° N; 60° E, 45° N (northern Caspian) was identified. This teleconnection, referred as the North Sea-Caspian Pattern (NCP) is evident at the 500 hPa level. The NCP is more pronounced during winter and the transitional seasons. An index (NCPI) measures the geopotential heights differences between the two poles of the NCP. Time series of the NCPI are presented and analysed. Except for September, no significant temporal trends were found. Negative and positive phases of the NCP (NCP(−) and NCP(+), respectively) were defined using standardized scores. A classification of all months into NCP(−), NCP(+) or normal conditions during the Analysis Period (1958–1998) was prepared and analysed. No significant correlation was found between the NCPI and the NAO index. The anomalous circulation during either NCP(−) or NCP(+) conditions is defined and its possible impact on the regional climate is discussed. Preliminary results show below normal temperatures and above normal precipitation in the Balkans and the Middle East during NCP(+), and the opposite for NCP(−).
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north sea caspian pattern ncp an upper level atmospheric teleconnection affecting the eastern mediterranean identification and definition
Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2002Co-Authors: H Kutiel, Y BenarochAbstract:An upper level atmospheric teleconnection between grid points: 0°, 55° N; 10° E, 55° N (North Sea) and 50° E, 45° N; 60° E, 45° N (northern Caspian) was identified. This teleconnection, referred as the North Sea-Caspian Pattern (NCP) is evident at the 500 hPa level. The NCP is more pronounced during winter and the transitional seasons. An index (NCPI) measures the geopotential heights differences between the two poles of the NCP. Time series of the NCPI are presented and analysed. Except for September, no significant temporal trends were found. Negative and positive phases of the NCP (NCP(−) and NCP(+), respectively) were defined using standardized scores. A classification of all months into NCP(−), NCP(+) or normal conditions during the Analysis Period (1958–1998) was prepared and analysed. No significant correlation was found between the NCPI and the NAO index. The anomalous circulation during either NCP(−) or NCP(+) conditions is defined and its possible impact on the regional climate is discussed. Preliminary results show below normal temperatures and above normal precipitation in the Balkans and the Middle East during NCP(+), and the opposite for NCP(−).
Richard W Reynolds - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a global merged land air sea surface temperature reconstruction based on historical observations 1880 1997
Journal of Climate, 2005Co-Authors: Thomas M Smith, Richard W ReynoldsAbstract:Abstract A merged land–air–sea surface temperature reconstruction Analysis is developed for monthly anomalies. The reconstruction is global and spatially complete. Reconstructed anomalies damp toward zero in regions with insufficient sampling. Error estimates account for the damping associated with sparse sampling, and also for bias uncertainty in both the land and sea observations. Averages of the reconstruction are similar to simple averages of the unanalyzed data for most of the Analysis Period. For the nineteenth century, when sampling is most sparse and the error estimates are largest, the differences between the averaged reconstruction and the simple averages are largest. Sampling is always sparse poleward of 60° latitude, and historic reconstructions for the polar regions should be used with caution.
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a high resolution global sea surface temperature climatology for the 1961 90 base Period
Journal of Climate, 1998Co-Authors: Thomas M Smith, Richard W ReynoldsAbstract:Abstract In an earlier study (Reynolds and Smith), a monthly 1° SST climatology was produced for the 1950–79 base Period. This climatology was constructed from two intermediate climatologies: a 2° SST climatology developed from in situ data for the Period 1950–79, and a 1° SST climatology for the Period 1982–93 derived from an optimum interpolation SST Analysis that uses in situ and satellite data. Since then a new 2° spatial resolution near-global SST Analysis has been developed, which can produce a similar high-resolution climatology for any base Period within the Analysis Period (1950–92). In this note the procedure is utilized to change the base Period to 1961–90, which is the climatological base Period suggested by the World Meteorological Organization. The method is nearly identical to that used in the earlier study except for the formation of the 2° climatology from new analyses. The results show that the change in the climatology is generally small with absolute differences usually less than 0.2°C...
Jon Epps - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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energy emissions material conservation and prices associated with construction rehabilitation and material alternatives for flexible pavement
Transportation Research Record, 2010Co-Authors: Christopher Robinette, Jon EppsAbstract:Today, public agencies responsible for roads, streets, and highways are experiencing significant increases in the price of construction operations and asphalt binder availability; they are also experiencing limited available funds and the uncertainty of inflation. Those concerns are coupled with significant pressure to build, maintain, and rehabilitate "green," and agencies must look to alternative construction, rehabilitation, and maintenance methods as well as alternative materials that deliver on both of these seemingly different forces. Life-cycle assessment was used to evaluate roadway construction activities. Life-cycle assessment is similar to life-cycle cost Analysis, except that environmental impact is considered over the Analysis Period. Life-cycle assessment includes energy consumption, emissions generation, and natural resource consumption in addition to price of the activity. All activities evaluated were compared with conventional materials and means of construction. Materials evaluated spec...
Thomas M Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a global merged land air sea surface temperature reconstruction based on historical observations 1880 1997
Journal of Climate, 2005Co-Authors: Thomas M Smith, Richard W ReynoldsAbstract:Abstract A merged land–air–sea surface temperature reconstruction Analysis is developed for monthly anomalies. The reconstruction is global and spatially complete. Reconstructed anomalies damp toward zero in regions with insufficient sampling. Error estimates account for the damping associated with sparse sampling, and also for bias uncertainty in both the land and sea observations. Averages of the reconstruction are similar to simple averages of the unanalyzed data for most of the Analysis Period. For the nineteenth century, when sampling is most sparse and the error estimates are largest, the differences between the averaged reconstruction and the simple averages are largest. Sampling is always sparse poleward of 60° latitude, and historic reconstructions for the polar regions should be used with caution.
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a high resolution global sea surface temperature climatology for the 1961 90 base Period
Journal of Climate, 1998Co-Authors: Thomas M Smith, Richard W ReynoldsAbstract:Abstract In an earlier study (Reynolds and Smith), a monthly 1° SST climatology was produced for the 1950–79 base Period. This climatology was constructed from two intermediate climatologies: a 2° SST climatology developed from in situ data for the Period 1950–79, and a 1° SST climatology for the Period 1982–93 derived from an optimum interpolation SST Analysis that uses in situ and satellite data. Since then a new 2° spatial resolution near-global SST Analysis has been developed, which can produce a similar high-resolution climatology for any base Period within the Analysis Period (1950–92). In this note the procedure is utilized to change the base Period to 1961–90, which is the climatological base Period suggested by the World Meteorological Organization. The method is nearly identical to that used in the earlier study except for the formation of the 2° climatology from new analyses. The results show that the change in the climatology is generally small with absolute differences usually less than 0.2°C...