The Experts below are selected from a list of 258 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Brian J Soden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of remote Sea Surface Temperature change on tropical cyclone potential intensity
Nature, 2007Co-Authors: Gabriel A Vecchi, Brian J SodenAbstract:The response of tropical cyclone activity to global warming is poorly understood. It is often assumed that warmer Sea Surface Temperatures favour cyclone development and intensification, but this may not be the case as so many other factors are involved. Gabriel Vecchi and Brian Soden explore the relationship between changes in Sea-Surface Temperature and a measure called 'tropical cyclone potential intensity', which provides an upper limit on cyclone intensity. They find that changes in potential intensity are closely related to the regional structure of warming, rather than local Sea Surface Temperature — regions that warm more than the tropical average are characterized by increased potential intensity, and vice versa. This suggests that the response of tropical cyclone activity to natural climate variations, which tend to involve localized changes in Sea Surface Temperature, may be larger (per unit local Sea Surface Temperature change) than the response to the more uniform patterns of warming induced by greenhouse gases. The relationship between changes in Sea Surface Temperature and a measure called 'tropical cyclone potential intensity', which provides an upper bound on cyclone intensity, is explored. It is found that changes in potential intensity are closely related to the regional structure of warming, rather than local Sea Surface Temperature — regions that warm more than the tropical average are characterized by increased potential intensity, and vice versa. The response of tropical cyclone activity to global warming is widely debated1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. It is often assumed that warmer Sea Surface Temperatures provide a more favourable environment for the development and intensification of tropical cyclones, but cyclone genesis and intensity are also affected by the vertical thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere1,10,11,12,13. Here we use climate models and observational reconstructions to explore the relationship between changes in Sea Surface Temperature and tropical cyclone ‘potential intensity’—a measure that provides an upper bound on cyclone intensity10,11,12,13,14 and can also reflect the likelihood of cyclone development15,16. We find that changes in local Sea Surface Temperature are inadequate for characterizing even the sign of changes in potential intensity, but that long-term changes in potential intensity are closely related to the regional structure of warming; regions that warm more than the tropical average are characterized by increased potential intensity, and vice versa. We use this relationship to reconstruct changes in potential intensity over the twentieth century from observational reconstructions of Sea Surface Temperature. We find that, even though tropical Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures are currently at a historical high, Atlantic potential intensity probably peaked in the 1930s and 1950s, and recent values are near the historical average. Our results indicate that—per unit local Sea Surface Temperature change—the response of tropical cyclone activity to natural climate variations, which tend to involve localized changes in Sea Surface Temperature, may be larger than the response to the more uniform patterns of greenhouse-gas-induced warming.
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effect of remote Sea Surface Temperature change on tropical cyclone potential intensity
Nature, 2007Co-Authors: Gabriel A Vecchi, Brian J SodenAbstract:The response of tropical cyclone activity to global warming is widely debated. It is often assumed that warmer Sea Surface Temperatures provide a more favourable environment for the development and intensification of tropical cyclones, but cyclone genesis and intensity are also affected by the vertical thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere. Here we use climate models and observational reconstructions to explore the relationship between changes in Sea Surface Temperature and tropical cyclone 'potential intensity'--a measure that provides an upper bound on cyclone intensity and can also reflect the likelihood of cyclone development. We find that changes in local Sea Surface Temperature are inadequate for characterizing even the sign of changes in potential intensity, but that long-term changes in potential intensity are closely related to the regional structure of warming; regions that warm more than the tropical average are characterized by increased potential intensity, and vice versa. We use this relationship to reconstruct changes in potential intensity over the twentieth century from observational reconstructions of Sea Surface Temperature. We find that, even though tropical Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures are currently at a historical high, Atlantic potential intensity probably peaked in the 1930s and 1950s, and recent values are near the historical average. Our results indicate that--per unit local Sea Surface Temperature change--the response of tropical cyclone activity to natural climate variations, which tend to involve localized changes in Sea Surface Temperature, may be larger than the response to the more uniform patterns of greenhouse-gas-induced warming.
Gabriel A Vecchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Precipitation Sensitivity to Local Variations in Tropical Sea Surface Temperature
Journal of Climate, 2018Co-Authors: Nathaniel C. Johnson, Gabriel A Vecchi, Benjamin Kirtman, Andrew T. Wittenberg, Stephan SturmAbstract:AbstractThe driving of tropical precipitation by the variability of the underlying Sea Surface Temperature (SST) plays a critical role in the atmospheric general circulation. To assess the precipit...
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effect of remote Sea Surface Temperature change on tropical cyclone potential intensity
Nature, 2007Co-Authors: Gabriel A Vecchi, Brian J SodenAbstract:The response of tropical cyclone activity to global warming is poorly understood. It is often assumed that warmer Sea Surface Temperatures favour cyclone development and intensification, but this may not be the case as so many other factors are involved. Gabriel Vecchi and Brian Soden explore the relationship between changes in Sea-Surface Temperature and a measure called 'tropical cyclone potential intensity', which provides an upper limit on cyclone intensity. They find that changes in potential intensity are closely related to the regional structure of warming, rather than local Sea Surface Temperature — regions that warm more than the tropical average are characterized by increased potential intensity, and vice versa. This suggests that the response of tropical cyclone activity to natural climate variations, which tend to involve localized changes in Sea Surface Temperature, may be larger (per unit local Sea Surface Temperature change) than the response to the more uniform patterns of warming induced by greenhouse gases. The relationship between changes in Sea Surface Temperature and a measure called 'tropical cyclone potential intensity', which provides an upper bound on cyclone intensity, is explored. It is found that changes in potential intensity are closely related to the regional structure of warming, rather than local Sea Surface Temperature — regions that warm more than the tropical average are characterized by increased potential intensity, and vice versa. The response of tropical cyclone activity to global warming is widely debated1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. It is often assumed that warmer Sea Surface Temperatures provide a more favourable environment for the development and intensification of tropical cyclones, but cyclone genesis and intensity are also affected by the vertical thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere1,10,11,12,13. Here we use climate models and observational reconstructions to explore the relationship between changes in Sea Surface Temperature and tropical cyclone ‘potential intensity’—a measure that provides an upper bound on cyclone intensity10,11,12,13,14 and can also reflect the likelihood of cyclone development15,16. We find that changes in local Sea Surface Temperature are inadequate for characterizing even the sign of changes in potential intensity, but that long-term changes in potential intensity are closely related to the regional structure of warming; regions that warm more than the tropical average are characterized by increased potential intensity, and vice versa. We use this relationship to reconstruct changes in potential intensity over the twentieth century from observational reconstructions of Sea Surface Temperature. We find that, even though tropical Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures are currently at a historical high, Atlantic potential intensity probably peaked in the 1930s and 1950s, and recent values are near the historical average. Our results indicate that—per unit local Sea Surface Temperature change—the response of tropical cyclone activity to natural climate variations, which tend to involve localized changes in Sea Surface Temperature, may be larger than the response to the more uniform patterns of greenhouse-gas-induced warming.
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effect of remote Sea Surface Temperature change on tropical cyclone potential intensity
Nature, 2007Co-Authors: Gabriel A Vecchi, Brian J SodenAbstract:The response of tropical cyclone activity to global warming is widely debated. It is often assumed that warmer Sea Surface Temperatures provide a more favourable environment for the development and intensification of tropical cyclones, but cyclone genesis and intensity are also affected by the vertical thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere. Here we use climate models and observational reconstructions to explore the relationship between changes in Sea Surface Temperature and tropical cyclone 'potential intensity'--a measure that provides an upper bound on cyclone intensity and can also reflect the likelihood of cyclone development. We find that changes in local Sea Surface Temperature are inadequate for characterizing even the sign of changes in potential intensity, but that long-term changes in potential intensity are closely related to the regional structure of warming; regions that warm more than the tropical average are characterized by increased potential intensity, and vice versa. We use this relationship to reconstruct changes in potential intensity over the twentieth century from observational reconstructions of Sea Surface Temperature. We find that, even though tropical Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures are currently at a historical high, Atlantic potential intensity probably peaked in the 1930s and 1950s, and recent values are near the historical average. Our results indicate that--per unit local Sea Surface Temperature change--the response of tropical cyclone activity to natural climate variations, which tend to involve localized changes in Sea Surface Temperature, may be larger than the response to the more uniform patterns of greenhouse-gas-induced warming.
Eileen Maturi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assimilation of Satellite Sea Surface Temperature Retrievals
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2003Co-Authors: A. R. Harris, Eileen MaturiAbstract:The Workshop on Assimilation of Satellite Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) Retrievals was held on 24–26 April 2001 in Camp Springs, Maryland, at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Science Center. The purpose of the workshop was for NOAA's National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service Office of ReSearch and Applications to initiate a collaborative project with the U.S. Navy, National Centers for Environmental Prediction, the industry, and academia. The concept of the project was to develop an optimal method for assimilating satellite data into operational analyses of Sea Surface Temperature. The aim of the workshop was to develop a demonstration system with the following results. First, ensure that the advantages of each data type (polar orbiting and geostationary) are fully exploited, while minimizing the impact of potential errors. Second, employ state-of-the-art radiative transfer modeling, variational assimilation techniques, intersensor calibration, and use of external data such as upper-air Temperatures and humidities. The resulting product will represent the next big step in use of satellite data for Sea Surface Temperature and should be the product of choice for numerical weather prediction, operational oceanography, and fisheries and climate reSearch.
Richard W Reynolds - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a high resolution global Sea Surface Temperature climatology
Journal of Climate, 1995Co-Authors: Richard W Reynolds, Thomas M SmithAbstract:Abstract In response to the development of a new higher-resolution Sea Surface Temperature (SST) analysis at the National Meteorological Center (NMC), a new monthly 1° global Sea Surface Temperature climatology was constructed from two intermediate climatologies: the 2° SST climatology presently used at NMC and a 1° SST climatology derived from the new analysis. The 2° SST climatology used a 30-yr 1950–1979 base period between roughly 40°S and 60°N based on in situ (ship and buoy) SST data supplemented by four years (1982–1985) of satellite SST retrievals. The 1° SST climatology was based on monthly analyses using in situ SST data, satellite SST retrievals, and Sea-ice coverage data over a 12-yr period (1982–1993). The final climatology was combined from these two products so that a 1° resolution was maintained and the base period was adjusted to the 1950–1979 period wherever possible (approximately between 40°S and 60°N). Compared to the 2° climatology, the 1° climatology resolves equatorial upwelling an...
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improved global Sea Surface Temperature analyses using optimum interpolation
Journal of Climate, 1994Co-Authors: Richard W Reynolds, Thomas M SmithAbstract:Abstract The new NOAA operational global Sea Surface Temperature (SST) analysis is described. The analyses use 7 days of in situ (ship and buoy) and satellite SST. These analyses are produced weekly and daily using optimum interpolation (OI) on a 1° grid. The OI technique requires the specification of data and analysis error statistics. These statistics are derived and show that the SST rms data errors from ships are almost twice as large as the data errors from buoys or satellites. In addition, the average e-folding spatial error scales have been found to be 850 km in the zonal direction and 615 km in the meridional direction. The analysis also includes a preliminary step that corrects any satellite biases relative to the in situ data using Poisson's equation. The importance of this correction is demonstrated using recent data following the 1991 eruptions of Mt. Pinatubo. The OI analysis has been computed using the in situ and bias-corrected satellite data for the period 1985 to present.
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an improved real time global Sea Surface Temperature analysis
Journal of Climate, 1993Co-Authors: Richard W Reynolds, Diane C MarsicoAbstract:Abstract The monthly global Sea Surface Temperature (SST) analysis of Reynolds using real-time in situ and satellite SST data has now been improved by using Sea ice data to simulate SSTs in ice-covered regions. The simulated SSTs now become the external boundary condition for the analysis solution. This technique eliminates any high-latitude satellite biases and extends the analysis to the ice edge. The analysis with the ice data has been computed for the period January 1982 to present.
Luc Beaufort - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modern and glacial tropical snowlines controlled by Sea Surface Temperature and atmospheric mixing
Nature Geoscience, 2014Co-Authors: Aradhna K. Tripati, Sandeep Sahany, Dustin Pittman, J. David Neelin, Jonathan L. Mitchell, Robert A. Eagle, Luc BeaufortAbstract:During the Last Glacial Maximum, tropical Sea Surface Temperatures were 1 to 3 degrees C cooler than present(1-4), but the altitude of the snowlines of tropical glaciers(5,6) was lower than would be expected in light of these Sea Surface Temperatures. Indeed, both glacial and twentieth-century snowlines seem to require lapse rates that are steeper than a moist adiabat(7,8). Here we use estimates of Last Glacial Maximum Sea Surface Temperature in the Indo-Pacific warm pool based on the clumped isotope palaeoTemperature proxy in planktonic foraminifera and coccoliths, along with radiative-convective calculations of vertical atmospheric thermal structure, to assess the controls on tropical glacier snowlines. Using extensive new data sets for the region, we demonstrate that mean environmental lapse rates are steeper than moist adiabatic during the recent and glacial. We reconstruct glacial Sea Surface Temperatures 4 to 5 degrees C cooler than modern. We include modern and glacial Sea Surface Temperatures in calculations of atmospheric convection that account for mixing between rising air and ambient air, and derive tropical glacier snowlines with altitudes consistent with twentieth-century and Last Glacial Maximum reconstructions. Sea Surface Temperature changes
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Modern and glacial tropical snowlines controlled by Sea Surface Temperature and atmospheric mixing
Nature Geoscience, 2014Co-Authors: Aradhna K. Tripati, Sandeep Sahany, Dustin Pittman, Robert Eagle, J. David Neelin, Jonathan L. Mitchell, Luc BeaufortAbstract:During the Last Glacial Maximum, tropical glacier snowlines were lower than expected, based on estimates of tropical Sea Surface Temperatures. Sea Surface Temperature reconstructions suggest the Indo-Pacific warm pool was cooler than previously thought; these Temperatures and convective mixing processes can explain snowline altitude in this region.
