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Kazunori Kimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment of Androgen Replacement Therapy for erectile function in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus by examining nitric oxide related and inflammatory factors
The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Tomoya Kataoka, Yuji Hotta, Yasuhiro Maeda, Kazunori KimuraAbstract:Abstract Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a major public health issue and is considered a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). T2DM is also associated with Androgen deficiency. However, there have been few basic studies on Androgen Replacement Therapy (ART) for ED treatment in T2DM animal models, and the mechanism underlying the effect of ART on T2DM‐induced ED is unclear. Aim To investigate the effect of ART on ED in T2DM rats by examining inflammatory and nitric oxide (NO)‐related factors. Methods Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and their controls, Long‐Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats, were distributed into three groups: LETO, OLETF, and ART. In the ART group, OLETF rats were treated daily with testosterone (3 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) from 20 to 25 weeks of age; LETO and OLETF rats received vehicle only. Main Outcome Measures We measured erectile function by using measurements of the ratio between intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) following electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve and by evaluating the endothelial function of the corpus cavernosum in an isometric tension study. Expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), sirtuin‐1 (Sirt1), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) mRNA was detected using polymerase chain reaction. Results The ICP/MAP ratio in the OLETF group was significantly decreased and that in the ART group was significantly improved ( P P Conclusions ART suppressed inflammation in rats with T2DM and metabolic disorders and improved their endothelial and erectile functions. ART could be effective for T2DM‐induced ED and may be considered a potential ED treatment method. Kataoka T, Hotta Y, Maeda Y, and Kimura K. Assessment of Androgen Replacement Therapy for erectile function in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus by examining nitric oxide‐related and inflammatory factors. J Sex Med 2014;11:920–929.
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Assessment of Androgen Replacement Therapy for Erectile Function in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Examining Nitric Oxide‐Related and Inflammatory Factors
The journal of sexual medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Tomoya Kataoka, Yuji Hotta, Yasuhiro Maeda, Kazunori KimuraAbstract:Abstract Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a major public health issue and is considered a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). T2DM is also associated with Androgen deficiency. However, there have been few basic studies on Androgen Replacement Therapy (ART) for ED treatment in T2DM animal models, and the mechanism underlying the effect of ART on T2DM‐induced ED is unclear. Aim To investigate the effect of ART on ED in T2DM rats by examining inflammatory and nitric oxide (NO)‐related factors. Methods Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and their controls, Long‐Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats, were distributed into three groups: LETO, OLETF, and ART. In the ART group, OLETF rats were treated daily with testosterone (3 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) from 20 to 25 weeks of age; LETO and OLETF rats received vehicle only. Main Outcome Measures We measured erectile function by using measurements of the ratio between intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) following electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve and by evaluating the endothelial function of the corpus cavernosum in an isometric tension study. Expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), sirtuin‐1 (Sirt1), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) mRNA was detected using polymerase chain reaction. Results The ICP/MAP ratio in the OLETF group was significantly decreased and that in the ART group was significantly improved ( P P Conclusions ART suppressed inflammation in rats with T2DM and metabolic disorders and improved their endothelial and erectile functions. ART could be effective for T2DM‐induced ED and may be considered a potential ED treatment method. Kataoka T, Hotta Y, Maeda Y, and Kimura K. Assessment of Androgen Replacement Therapy for erectile function in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus by examining nitric oxide‐related and inflammatory factors. J Sex Med 2014;11:920–929.
David J. Handelsman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Androgen deficiency and Replacement on prostate zonal volumes.
Clinical endocrinology, 2001Co-Authors: B. Jin, Ann J. Conway, David J. HandelsmanAbstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Androgens play a key role in prostate development and disease. However the effects of Androgen deficiency and Replacement on the prostate during mid-life are not well understood, and there is no information on their effects on prostate zonal volumes. This study aimed to define the effects of Androgen deficiency and Androgen Replacement Therapy on prostate zonal volumes (central, peripheral & total) using planimetric prostate ultrasound with particular emphasis on the central zone of the prostate, the most hormonally sensitive and fastest growing region of the prostate and the zone where nodular benign prostate hyperplasia originates. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Central and total prostate volume were measured directly, and peripheral prostate volume calculated, by a single observer using transrectal ultrasound in 71 hypogonadal men (aged 40 +/- 2, range 18-78 years) who were compared with individually age-matched health controls without prostate or gonadal disease. Among the men with Androgen deficiency, 17 men had untreated Androgen deficiency (never treated or no treatment for at least 6 months) and 54 men were receiving long-term Androgen Replacement Therapy (median 32 months, 93% > or = 6 months) with testosterone implants (n = 27), testosterone ester injections (n = 24) or other testosterone treatment (n = 3). RESULTS Compared with individually age-matched controls, untreated Androgen deficient men (n = 17) had reduced central (4.0 +/- 0.5 vs. 6.2 +/- 0.5 ml, P < 0.001) and total (23.4 +/- 2.6 vs. 29.2 +/- 1.6 ml, P < 0.001) prostate volumes whereas the reduction in peripheral prostate volume (19.4 +/- 2.1 vs. 23.0 +/- 1.3 ml, P = 0.15) was not statistically significant. Men with treated Androgen deficiency (n = 54) also still had significantly reduced central (4.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 6.8 +/- 0.4, P < 0.001), peripheral prostate volume (19.6 +/- 0.8 vs. 21.6 +/- 0.7 ml, P = 0.06) and total (24.4 +/- 1.1 vs. 28.4 +/- 1.0 ml, P = 0.008) despite prolonged restoration of physiological testosterone concentrations. Neither modality of testosterone treatment nor type of hypogonadism influenced prostate zonal volumes before or after treatment. In contrast, central, peripheral and total prostate volume increased with age among healthy controls and men with Androgen deficiency regardless of Androgen Replacement Therapy. Plasma PSA concentrations were reduced in men with untreated Androgen deficiency and were similar to age-matched controls in men with treated Androgen deficiency. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that, during mid-life, chronic Androgen deficiency due to hypogonadism is associated with reduced central, peripheral and total prostate volumes. Reduced prostate volumes persist even during long-term maintenance of effective Androgen Replacement Therapy with physiological testosterone concentrations until the fourth decade of life. After that, prostate volumes increase with age regardless of Androgen deficiency or Replacement. These findings suggest that, during mid-life, age is a more important determinant of prostate growth than ambient testosterone concentrations maintained in the physiological range. The persistently subnormal prostate volumes despite adequate Androgen Replacement Therapy may explain the apparent paucity of cases of overt prostate disease among testosterone-treated Androgen deficient men who retain protection against prostate disease despite physiological Androgen Replacement Therapy.
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Clinical pharmacology of testosterone pellet implants
Testosterone, 1998Co-Authors: David J. HandelsmanAbstract:Androgen Therapy may be divided into physiological and pharmacological applications. The pharmacological applications usually involve non-physiological doses of synthetic Androgens as second-line, empirical treatment where more specific medical Therapy is not yet available. The physiological applications consist of Androgen Replacement Therapy, the treatment of Androgen deficiency in hypogonadal men. Androgen Replacement Therapy aims to replicate physiological actions of endogenous testosterone by steadily maintaining physiological blood levels of testosterone. Since the underlying disorders are virtually always irreversible, this requires life-long administration of testosterone, making it desirable that the testosterone formulations be long-acting. Reliable therapeutic compliance over the lifetime of the patient depends heavily on a convenient formulation which ensures the continuity of treatment. The pharmacological properties of testosterone, notably its rapid hepatic metabolism and very low oral bioavailability, dictate the need for development of depot, sustained-release testosterone formulations (Parkes 1938; Wilson 1980). The perfect depot would be safe, effective, inexpensive, convenient, and long-acting with a reproducible, zero-order release profile. Not surprisingly, even six decades after entry of testosterone into clinical use (Foss 1939; Hamilton 1937), this ideal has not been achieved. Nevertheless one of the oldest testosterone formulations, the subdermal testosterone implant, provides a very close approximation to this ideal in providing stable blood testosterone levels lasting 4–6 months after a single implantation. Curiously this cheap, safe and effective treatment modality was neglected for decades despite its many advantages for Androgen Replacement Therapy but is now undergoing a revival of interest, particularly since its desirable pharmacological properties have been outlined (Cantrill et al. 1984; Conway et al. 1988; Handelsman et al. 1990, 1997; Jockenhovel et al. 1996; Nieschlag 1996; Zacharin and Warne 1997).
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An analysis of testosterone implants for Androgen Replacement Therapy
Clinical endocrinology, 1997Co-Authors: David J. Handelsman, Mary-anne Mackey, Chris J. Howe, Leo Turner, Ann J. ConwayAbstract:Summary OBJECTIVE To review 13 years of experience using fused crystalline testosterone implants for Androgen Replacement Therapy in order to identify pattern of usage (including continuation rates) and adverse events emerging during Therapy and factors associated with adverse events including implant extrusions. DESIGN Retrospective review of prospectively collected data on characteristics of patients and implant procedures performed as well as adverse events reported during routine follow-up. PATIENTS Over 13 years 973 implant procedures using fused crystalline testosterone implants were performed in 221 men. MEASUREMENTS Continuation rates and adverse events such as extrusions, bleeding, infection or others were recorded and analysed in relationship to characteristics of the patient and the implant procedure performed. RESULTS Overall rate of adverse events (108/973, 11 . 1%) was significantly related to increased numbers of implants (4 . 2 6 0 . 1 vs 4 . 0 6 0 . 03, P o 0 . 031) and higher levels of physical activity at work (P o 0 . 030). The most common adverse effect was extrusion (83/ 973, 8 . 5%) which was related to occupational classification (P o 0 . 033) and increasing work activity (P o 0 . 044) and occurred more frequently than by chance in multiple (16 vs 3 . 3 expected) rather than single (65 vs 76 . 1 expected) episodes. Bleeding (22/ 973, 2 . 3%) was significantly associated with an increased number of implants (4 . 5 6 0 . 2 vs 4 . 0 6 0 . 03, P o 0 . 020) but even in the worst cases (3/22) it was of minor clinical importance. Infection was rare (6/973, 0.6%) but occurred more among thinner men. The overall continuation rate was 92.7% increasing from 86% after the first implantation to>99% after the tenth implant. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the very satisfactory clinical acceptability of testosterone pellet implants for Androgen Replacement Therapy within a single unit with experienced operators. The only regular adverse effect is extrusion, which may be related to mechanical factors such as habitual work activity but also possibly procedural factors. Other adverse effects such as bleeding, infection and fibrosis were rare. An improved method of implant delivery would enhance this old but durable technology.
Teruaki Iwamoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of long-term Androgen Replacement Therapy on the physical and mental statuses of aging males with late-onset hypogonadism: a multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan (EARTH Study).
Asian journal of andrology, 2016Co-Authors: Hiroyuki Konaka, Kazuyoshi Shigehara, Kazuhiro Sugimoto, Masashi Iijima, Eitetsu Koh, Teruaki Iwamoto, Hideki Orikasa, Toshinari Takamura, Yoshiyu Takeda, Mikio NamikiAbstract:Androgen Replacement Therapy (ART) efficacy on late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) has been widely investigated in Western countries; however, it remains controversial whether ART can improve health and prolong active lifestyles. We prospectively assessed long-term ART effects on the physical and mental statuses of aging men with LOH in Japan. The primary endpoint was health-related quality of life assessed by questionnaires. Secondary endpoints included glycemic control, lipid parameters, blood pressure, waist circumference, body composition, muscular strength, International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores, and serum prostate-specific antigen levels. Of the 1637 eligible volunteers, 334 patients > 40 years with LOH were randomly assigned to either the ART (n = 169) or control groups (n = 165). Fifty-two weeks after the initial treatment, ART significantly affected the role physical subdomain of the short form-36 health survey (SF-36) scale (P = 0.0318). ART was also associated with significant decreases in waist circumstance (P = 0.002) and serum triglyceride (TG) (P = 0.013) and with significant increases in whole-body and leg muscle mass volumes (P = 0.071 and 0.0108, respectively), serum hemoglobin (P < 0.001), IPSS voiding subscore (P = 0.0418), and the second question on IIEF-5 (P = 0.0049). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of severe adverse events. In conclusion, in patients with LOH, long-term ART exerted beneficial effects on Role Physical subdomain of the SF-36 scale, serum TG, waist circumstance, muscle mass volume, voiding subscore of IPSS, and the second question of IIEF-5. We hope our study will contribute to the future development of this area.
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Androgen Replacement Therapy contributes to improving lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with hypogonadism and benign prostate hypertrophy a randomised controlled study
The Aging Male, 2011Co-Authors: Kazuyoshi Shigehara, Atsushi Mizokami, Kazuhiro Sugimoto, Hiroyuki Konaka, Masashi Iijima, Masato Fukushima, Yuji Maeda, Eitetsu Koh, Hideki Origasa, Teruaki IwamotoAbstract:Purpose. We performed a randomised controlled study regarding the effects of Androgen Replacement Therapy (ART) on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in hypogonadal men with benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH).Methods. Fifty-two patients with hypogonadism and BPH were randomly assigned to receive testosterone (ART group) as 250 mg of testosterone enanthate every 4 weeks or to the untreated control group. We compared International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflowmetry data, post-voiding residual volume (PVR) and systemic muscle volume at baseline and 12 months after treatment.Results. Forty-six patients (ART group, n = 23; control, n = 23) were included in the analysis. At the 12-month visit, IPSS showed a significant decrease compared with baseline in the ART group (15.7 ± 8.7 vs. 12.5 ± 9.5; p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the control group. The ART group also showed improvement in maximum flow rate and voided volume (p < 0.05), whereas no significant improvements were observed in...
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Androgen Replacement Therapy contributes to improving lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with hypogonadism and benign prostate hypertrophy: a randomised controlled study
The aging male : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of the Aging Male, 2010Co-Authors: Kazuyoshi Shigehara, Atsushi Mizokami, Kazuhiro Sugimoto, Hiroyuki Konaka, Masashi Iijima, Masato Fukushima, Yuji Maeda, Eitetsu Koh, Hideki Origasa, Teruaki IwamotoAbstract:Purpose. We performed a randomised controlled study regarding the effects of Androgen Replacement Therapy (ART) on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in hypogonadal men with benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH).Methods. Fifty-two patients with hypogonadism and BPH were randomly assigned to receive testosterone (ART group) as 250 mg of testosterone enanthate every 4 weeks or to the untreated control group. We compared International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflowmetry data, post-voiding residual volume (PVR) and systemic muscle volume at baseline and 12 months after treatment.Results. Forty-six patients (ART group, n = 23; control, n = 23) were included in the analysis. At the 12-month visit, IPSS showed a significant decrease compared with baseline in the ART group (15.7 ± 8.7 vs. 12.5 ± 9.5; p
Kazuyoshi Shigehara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Androgen Replacement Therapy for cancer-related symptoms in male advanced cancer patients: study protocol for a randomised prospective trial (ARTFORM study).
The journal of medical investigation : JMI, 2017Co-Authors: Kouji Izumi, Kazuyoshi Shigehara, Takahiro Nohara, Kazutaka Narimoto, Yoshifumi Kadono, Shigeki Nanjo, Tadaaki Yamada, Koushiro Ohtsubo, Seiji Yano, Atsushi MizokamiAbstract:Recent studies reveal that hypogonadism with low serum Androgen levels is associated with advanced cancer and induction of most cancer-related symptoms. We designed an ARTFORM study to evaluate the efficacy of Androgen Replacement Therapy in male advanced cancer patients. The ARTFORM study is an investigator-initiated, randomised controlled trial comparing intramuscle injection of testosterone enanthate with non-administration in male advanced cancer patients with non-curative locally advanced or metastatic lesions. Serum total and free testosterone levels are measured and patients with low testosterone level are randomised. The primary endpoint is the difference in validated health-related quality of life questionnaires at week 12. Trial registration of the ARTFORM study is assigned to University hospital Medical Information Network, Center identifier UMIN 000010939. J. Med. Invest. 64: 202-204, August, 2017.
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Effects of long-term Androgen Replacement Therapy on the physical and mental statuses of aging males with late-onset hypogonadism: a multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan (EARTH Study).
Asian journal of andrology, 2016Co-Authors: Hiroyuki Konaka, Kazuyoshi Shigehara, Kazuhiro Sugimoto, Masashi Iijima, Eitetsu Koh, Teruaki Iwamoto, Hideki Orikasa, Toshinari Takamura, Yoshiyu Takeda, Mikio NamikiAbstract:Androgen Replacement Therapy (ART) efficacy on late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) has been widely investigated in Western countries; however, it remains controversial whether ART can improve health and prolong active lifestyles. We prospectively assessed long-term ART effects on the physical and mental statuses of aging men with LOH in Japan. The primary endpoint was health-related quality of life assessed by questionnaires. Secondary endpoints included glycemic control, lipid parameters, blood pressure, waist circumference, body composition, muscular strength, International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores, and serum prostate-specific antigen levels. Of the 1637 eligible volunteers, 334 patients > 40 years with LOH were randomly assigned to either the ART (n = 169) or control groups (n = 165). Fifty-two weeks after the initial treatment, ART significantly affected the role physical subdomain of the short form-36 health survey (SF-36) scale (P = 0.0318). ART was also associated with significant decreases in waist circumstance (P = 0.002) and serum triglyceride (TG) (P = 0.013) and with significant increases in whole-body and leg muscle mass volumes (P = 0.071 and 0.0108, respectively), serum hemoglobin (P < 0.001), IPSS voiding subscore (P = 0.0418), and the second question on IIEF-5 (P = 0.0049). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of severe adverse events. In conclusion, in patients with LOH, long-term ART exerted beneficial effects on Role Physical subdomain of the SF-36 scale, serum TG, waist circumstance, muscle mass volume, voiding subscore of IPSS, and the second question of IIEF-5. We hope our study will contribute to the future development of this area.
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Androgen Replacement Therapy contributes to improving lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with hypogonadism and benign prostate hypertrophy a randomised controlled study
The Aging Male, 2011Co-Authors: Kazuyoshi Shigehara, Atsushi Mizokami, Kazuhiro Sugimoto, Hiroyuki Konaka, Masashi Iijima, Masato Fukushima, Yuji Maeda, Eitetsu Koh, Hideki Origasa, Teruaki IwamotoAbstract:Purpose. We performed a randomised controlled study regarding the effects of Androgen Replacement Therapy (ART) on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in hypogonadal men with benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH).Methods. Fifty-two patients with hypogonadism and BPH were randomly assigned to receive testosterone (ART group) as 250 mg of testosterone enanthate every 4 weeks or to the untreated control group. We compared International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflowmetry data, post-voiding residual volume (PVR) and systemic muscle volume at baseline and 12 months after treatment.Results. Forty-six patients (ART group, n = 23; control, n = 23) were included in the analysis. At the 12-month visit, IPSS showed a significant decrease compared with baseline in the ART group (15.7 ± 8.7 vs. 12.5 ± 9.5; p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the control group. The ART group also showed improvement in maximum flow rate and voided volume (p < 0.05), whereas no significant improvements were observed in...
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Androgen Replacement Therapy contributes to improving lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with hypogonadism and benign prostate hypertrophy: a randomised controlled study
The aging male : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of the Aging Male, 2010Co-Authors: Kazuyoshi Shigehara, Atsushi Mizokami, Kazuhiro Sugimoto, Hiroyuki Konaka, Masashi Iijima, Masato Fukushima, Yuji Maeda, Eitetsu Koh, Hideki Origasa, Teruaki IwamotoAbstract:Purpose. We performed a randomised controlled study regarding the effects of Androgen Replacement Therapy (ART) on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in hypogonadal men with benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH).Methods. Fifty-two patients with hypogonadism and BPH were randomly assigned to receive testosterone (ART group) as 250 mg of testosterone enanthate every 4 weeks or to the untreated control group. We compared International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflowmetry data, post-voiding residual volume (PVR) and systemic muscle volume at baseline and 12 months after treatment.Results. Forty-six patients (ART group, n = 23; control, n = 23) were included in the analysis. At the 12-month visit, IPSS showed a significant decrease compared with baseline in the ART group (15.7 ± 8.7 vs. 12.5 ± 9.5; p
Alvaro Morales - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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How to diagnose and treat late-onset hypogonadism
2004Co-Authors: Alvaro MoralesAbstract:The last few years have witnessed an enormous interest in Androgen Replacement Therapy for late-onset hypogonadism-also known as "Androgen deficiency in the aging male." As urologists, we frequently deal with sexual dysfunction and are seen as experienced on issues of prostate health.
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Androgen Replacement Therapy in the hypogonadal ageing man.
Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2003Co-Authors: Alvaro MoralesAbstract:In men, gonadal function is affected in a slow, progressive way as part of the normal ageing process. Recently, however, significant interest has developed on the importance of this condition, which is variously known as male climacteric, andropause or, more appropriately, Androgen decline in the ageing male (ADAM). The term andropause is biologically wrong and clinically inappropriate but, it adequately conveys the concept of emotional and physical changes that, although related to ageing in general, are also associated with significant hormonal alterations. The inappropriateness of the term is based on the fact that in women, the reproductive cycle invariably ends with ovarian failure. In men, this process is not universal and when it occurs it is normally subtle in its clinical manifestations. This has led to a tendency to ignore the syndrome as an unavoidable and untreatable result of the ageing process. For the sake of simplicity and directness, this review will use the terms ADAM and andropause to d...
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Androgen Replacement Therapy and Prostate Safety
European urology, 2002Co-Authors: Alvaro MoralesAbstract:Progress in the understanding of the action of exogenous testosterone has diminished many of the concerns that existed regarding its safety. The major interest is now focused on the effects of Androgen supplementation on the prostate gland. Many such concerns have been addressed but others remain to be fully elucidated. It is well established that hypogonadal men receiving adequate Androgen Therapy develop a prostate with a volume similar to what would be expected from their eugonadal counterparts. Androgen Therapy results in modest elevations in the PSA and minor changes in flow parameters. Prostate cancer, on the other hand, remains the most prominent of the safety concerns. Although there is no evidence that normal levels of testosterone promote the development of cancer of the prostate, it is clear that the administration of testosterone enhances a pre-existing prostatic malignancy. Androgen supplementation studies have been, in most cases, of short duration and lacked a control cohort. The current evidence does not support the view that appropriate treatment of hypogonadal elderly men with Androgens has a causal relationship with prostate cancer. Larger experience, however, is needed. The same criteria applies to the use of other hormones such as dehydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone follicle stimulating and growth hormone. A set of recommendations regarding Androgen Replacement Therapy and prostate safety is proposed.
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Androgen Replacement Therapy in aging men with secondary hypogonadismDraft of Recommendations for endorsement by ISSAM
The Aging Male, 2002Co-Authors: Alvaro Morales, Bruno LunenfeldAbstract:(2002). Androgen Replacement Therapy in aging men with secondary hypogonadismDraft of Recommendations for endorsement by ISSAM. The Aging Male: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 72-72.
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Androgen Replacement Therapy in aging men with secondary hypogonadism
The Aging Male, 2001Co-Authors: Alvaro Morales, Bruno LunenfeldAbstract:(2001). Androgen Replacement Therapy in aging men with secondary hypogonadism. The Aging Male: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 151-162.