The Experts below are selected from a list of 93 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Louise Parker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • adverse pregnancy outcomes around incinerators and crematoriums in cumbria north west england 1956 93
    Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2003
    Co-Authors: Trevor J B Dummer, H O Dickinson, Louise Parker
    Abstract:

    Study objective: To investigate the risk of stillbirth, neonatal death, and lethal congenital anomaly among babies of mothers living close to incinerators and crematoriums in Cumbria, north west England, 1956–93. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Logistic regression was used to investigate the risk of each outcome in relation to proximity at birth to incinerators and crematoriums, adjusting for social class, year of birth, birth order, and multiple births. Continuous odds ratios for trend with proximity to sites were estimated. Setting: All 3234 stillbirths, 2663 neonatal deaths, and 1569 lethal congenital anomalies among the 244 758 births to mothers living in Cumbria, 1956–1993. Main results: After adjustment for social class, year of birth, birth order, and multiple births, there was an increased risk of lethal congenital anomaly, in particular spina bifida (odds ratio 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.28) and heart defects (odds ratio 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.22) around incinerators and an increased risk of stillbirth (odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.07) and Anencephalus (odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.10) around crematoriums. Conclusions: The authors cannot infer a causal effect from the statistical associations reported in this study. However, as there are few published studies with which to compare our results, the risk of spina bifida, heart defects, stillbirth, and Anencephalus in relation to proximity to incinerators and crematoriums should be investigated further, in particular because of the increased use of incineration as a method of waste disposal.

  • Adverse pregnancy outcomes around incinerators and crematoriums in Cumbria, north west England, 1956–93
    Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2003
    Co-Authors: Trevor J B Dummer, H O Dickinson, Louise Parker
    Abstract:

    Study objective: To investigate the risk of stillbirth, neonatal death, and lethal congenital anomaly among babies of mothers living close to incinerators and crematoriums in Cumbria, north west England, 1956–93. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Logistic regression was used to investigate the risk of each outcome in relation to proximity at birth to incinerators and crematoriums, adjusting for social class, year of birth, birth order, and multiple births. Continuous odds ratios for trend with proximity to sites were estimated. Setting: All 3234 stillbirths, 2663 neonatal deaths, and 1569 lethal congenital anomalies among the 244 758 births to mothers living in Cumbria, 1956–1993. Main results: After adjustment for social class, year of birth, birth order, and multiple births, there was an increased risk of lethal congenital anomaly, in particular spina bifida (odds ratio 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.28) and heart defects (odds ratio 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.22) around incinerators and an increased risk of stillbirth (odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.07) and Anencephalus (odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.10) around crematoriums. Conclusions: The authors cannot infer a causal effect from the statistical associations reported in this study. However, as there are few published studies with which to compare our results, the risk of spina bifida, heart defects, stillbirth, and Anencephalus in relation to proximity to incinerators and crematoriums should be investigated further, in particular because of the increased use of incineration as a method of waste disposal.

Trevor J B Dummer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • adverse pregnancy outcomes around incinerators and crematoriums in cumbria north west england 1956 93
    Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2003
    Co-Authors: Trevor J B Dummer, H O Dickinson, Louise Parker
    Abstract:

    Study objective: To investigate the risk of stillbirth, neonatal death, and lethal congenital anomaly among babies of mothers living close to incinerators and crematoriums in Cumbria, north west England, 1956–93. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Logistic regression was used to investigate the risk of each outcome in relation to proximity at birth to incinerators and crematoriums, adjusting for social class, year of birth, birth order, and multiple births. Continuous odds ratios for trend with proximity to sites were estimated. Setting: All 3234 stillbirths, 2663 neonatal deaths, and 1569 lethal congenital anomalies among the 244 758 births to mothers living in Cumbria, 1956–1993. Main results: After adjustment for social class, year of birth, birth order, and multiple births, there was an increased risk of lethal congenital anomaly, in particular spina bifida (odds ratio 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.28) and heart defects (odds ratio 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.22) around incinerators and an increased risk of stillbirth (odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.07) and Anencephalus (odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.10) around crematoriums. Conclusions: The authors cannot infer a causal effect from the statistical associations reported in this study. However, as there are few published studies with which to compare our results, the risk of spina bifida, heart defects, stillbirth, and Anencephalus in relation to proximity to incinerators and crematoriums should be investigated further, in particular because of the increased use of incineration as a method of waste disposal.

  • Adverse pregnancy outcomes around incinerators and crematoriums in Cumbria, north west England, 1956–93
    Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2003
    Co-Authors: Trevor J B Dummer, H O Dickinson, Louise Parker
    Abstract:

    Study objective: To investigate the risk of stillbirth, neonatal death, and lethal congenital anomaly among babies of mothers living close to incinerators and crematoriums in Cumbria, north west England, 1956–93. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Logistic regression was used to investigate the risk of each outcome in relation to proximity at birth to incinerators and crematoriums, adjusting for social class, year of birth, birth order, and multiple births. Continuous odds ratios for trend with proximity to sites were estimated. Setting: All 3234 stillbirths, 2663 neonatal deaths, and 1569 lethal congenital anomalies among the 244 758 births to mothers living in Cumbria, 1956–1993. Main results: After adjustment for social class, year of birth, birth order, and multiple births, there was an increased risk of lethal congenital anomaly, in particular spina bifida (odds ratio 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.28) and heart defects (odds ratio 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.22) around incinerators and an increased risk of stillbirth (odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.07) and Anencephalus (odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.10) around crematoriums. Conclusions: The authors cannot infer a causal effect from the statistical associations reported in this study. However, as there are few published studies with which to compare our results, the risk of spina bifida, heart defects, stillbirth, and Anencephalus in relation to proximity to incinerators and crematoriums should be investigated further, in particular because of the increased use of incineration as a method of waste disposal.

J. H. Elwood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Printed in Great Britain Epidemics of Anencephalus and Spina Bifida in Ireland Since 1900
    2016
    Co-Authors: J. H. Elwood
    Abstract:

    The frequencies of Anencephalus and spina bifida in births reported from the Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, were examined and compared with trends observed in deliveries in the Boston Lying-in and Providence Lying-in Hospitals, U.S.A., for the period 1900-1965. In these quinquennial data two epidemics of Anencephalus which peaked during the years 1935-39 and 1960—65 were noted in Dublin. The former resembled the epidemic of neurological malformations in the north-east United States which reached a maximum during the period 1930-34. A striking difference in trends in the incidence of these defects was evident over the years 1940-65, the frequency markedly declining in this area of the U.S.A. whilst increasing in Dublin. Associations of these long-term secular variations in incidence are discussed in relation to the influenza pandemic 1918-19 and changes in the production and consumption of alcohol in Ireland and the U.S.A. during this century

  • Major Central Nervous System Malformations Notified in Northern Ireland, 1969 to 1973
    Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2008
    Co-Authors: J. H. Elwood
    Abstract:

    In Northern Ireland, during the years 1969 to 1973, there were 485 notifications of Anencephalus, 525 of spina bifida and 328 of hydrocephalus in a population of 157,725 (live and still) births. The data were based on the voluntary notification system for congenital malformations which has been operating in Northern Ireland and in England and Wales sine 1964. The malformation rates per 1000 (live and still) births were 3-1 for Anencephalus, 3-3 for spina bifida and 2-1 for hydrocephalus. Secular trends in these data indicate a decrease in the incidence of all three major central nervous system malformations, but this is significant only in relation to Anencephalus. Spina bifida was more common in female births than in male births, and 79 per cent of affected infants were liveborn. Indirect evidence suggests that some 40 per cent of the total number of live and stillborn infants having spina bifida at birth will survive to one year of age.

  • Anencephalus in the British Isles.
    Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2008
    Co-Authors: J. H. Elwood
    Abstract:

    The incidence of anencephalic births and fetal death was analyzed from official statistics recording 3175161 (live and still) births and 6431 anencephalics occurring in the British Isles during 1965-1967. Data are presented by geographical region maternal age maternal parity and month of birth in tables. The highest rate 3.6/1000 total births was in Northern Ireland. More anencephalics were born in winter than summer in all countries and regions. That the high incidence in Ireland (compared with England and Wales) was a result of regional parity and maternal age differences (more children at lower maternal ages) may be true but after testing it was concluded that these factors were not the major contributors to the geographical variation in Anencephalus incidence in Great Britain. National parity and maternal age differences accounted for less than 5% of the excess of the Irish and Scottish anencephalic rates over England and Wales. Use of official statistics precluded investigation of infection diet and other factors of etiological significance in anencephalic births. The best guess is that a genetic-environmental interaction model would fit the data.

J. D. Merrett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Influence of social class on the risk of recurrence of Anencephalus and spina bifida.
    Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Norman C. Nevin, W P Johnston, J. D. Merrett
    Abstract:

    Summary This study suggests that social class has an effect on the incidence of Anencephalus and spina bifida, the malformations being more frequent in the lower socio-economic groups. A family study of 226 patients with a CNS malformation suggests that social class also may be important in determining the recurrence risk of such malformations: there are higher risks in social classes III, IV and V than in social classes I and II. RESUME Influence de la classe sociale sur le risque de survenue de l'anencephalie el du spina bifida Cette etude suggere que la classe sociale a un effet sur l'incidence de l'anencephalie et du spina bifida, les malformations etant plus frequentes dans les groupes socio-economiques inferieurs. Une etude familiale de 226 malades presentant une malformation du SNC suggere que la classe sociale aussi peut etre importante en determinant le risque de recurrence de telles malformations: il y a des risques plus eleves dans les classes sociales III, IV et V que dans les classes sociales I et II. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Einflus der sozialen Klasse auf das Wiederholungsrisiko bei Anencephalus undSpina bifida Die Autoren dieser Arbeit sind der Ansicht, das die soziale Klasse einen Einflus auf die Haufigkeit des Anencephalus und der Spina bifida hat. Eine Familienstudie von 226 Patienten mit ZNS-Misbildungen weist darauf hin, das die soziale Klasse auch fur die Bestimmung des Wiederholungsrisikos solcher Misbildungen von Bedeutung sein kann: In den sozialen Klassen III, IV und V ist das Risiko groser als in den Klassen I und II. RESUMEN Influencia de la close social sobre el riesgo de recurrencia de anencefalia y espina bifida Este estudio sugiere que la classe social tiene un efecto sobre la incidencia de la anencefalia y la espina bifida, siendo estas malformaciones mas frecuentes en los grupos socio-economicos mas bajos. Un estudio familiar de 226 pacientes con malformation del SNC sugiere que la clase social tambien puede ser importante en determinar el riesgo de recurrencia de tales malformaciones: existe un riesgo mas alto en las clases sociales III, IV y V que en las clases sociales I y II.

H O Dickinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • adverse pregnancy outcomes around incinerators and crematoriums in cumbria north west england 1956 93
    Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2003
    Co-Authors: Trevor J B Dummer, H O Dickinson, Louise Parker
    Abstract:

    Study objective: To investigate the risk of stillbirth, neonatal death, and lethal congenital anomaly among babies of mothers living close to incinerators and crematoriums in Cumbria, north west England, 1956–93. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Logistic regression was used to investigate the risk of each outcome in relation to proximity at birth to incinerators and crematoriums, adjusting for social class, year of birth, birth order, and multiple births. Continuous odds ratios for trend with proximity to sites were estimated. Setting: All 3234 stillbirths, 2663 neonatal deaths, and 1569 lethal congenital anomalies among the 244 758 births to mothers living in Cumbria, 1956–1993. Main results: After adjustment for social class, year of birth, birth order, and multiple births, there was an increased risk of lethal congenital anomaly, in particular spina bifida (odds ratio 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.28) and heart defects (odds ratio 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.22) around incinerators and an increased risk of stillbirth (odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.07) and Anencephalus (odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.10) around crematoriums. Conclusions: The authors cannot infer a causal effect from the statistical associations reported in this study. However, as there are few published studies with which to compare our results, the risk of spina bifida, heart defects, stillbirth, and Anencephalus in relation to proximity to incinerators and crematoriums should be investigated further, in particular because of the increased use of incineration as a method of waste disposal.

  • Adverse pregnancy outcomes around incinerators and crematoriums in Cumbria, north west England, 1956–93
    Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2003
    Co-Authors: Trevor J B Dummer, H O Dickinson, Louise Parker
    Abstract:

    Study objective: To investigate the risk of stillbirth, neonatal death, and lethal congenital anomaly among babies of mothers living close to incinerators and crematoriums in Cumbria, north west England, 1956–93. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Logistic regression was used to investigate the risk of each outcome in relation to proximity at birth to incinerators and crematoriums, adjusting for social class, year of birth, birth order, and multiple births. Continuous odds ratios for trend with proximity to sites were estimated. Setting: All 3234 stillbirths, 2663 neonatal deaths, and 1569 lethal congenital anomalies among the 244 758 births to mothers living in Cumbria, 1956–1993. Main results: After adjustment for social class, year of birth, birth order, and multiple births, there was an increased risk of lethal congenital anomaly, in particular spina bifida (odds ratio 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.28) and heart defects (odds ratio 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.22) around incinerators and an increased risk of stillbirth (odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.07) and Anencephalus (odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.10) around crematoriums. Conclusions: The authors cannot infer a causal effect from the statistical associations reported in this study. However, as there are few published studies with which to compare our results, the risk of spina bifida, heart defects, stillbirth, and Anencephalus in relation to proximity to incinerators and crematoriums should be investigated further, in particular because of the increased use of incineration as a method of waste disposal.