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Siriporn Okonogi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • formulation optimization Anesthetic Activity skin permeation and transportation pathway of alpinia galanga oil snedds in zebrafish danio rerio
    European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2021
    Co-Authors: Nattakanwadee Khumpirapang, Louise Von Gersdorff Jorgensen, Anette Mullertz, Thomas Rades, Siriporn Okonogi
    Abstract:

    Abstract Alpinia galanga oil (AGO) has an Anesthetic Activity but its water insoluble property limits its clinical applications. The aim of the present study was to develop a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of AGO (SNEDDS-AGO) to avoid the use of organic solvent and investigate AGO transportation pathway and Anesthetic Activity. Three optimized formulations from a contour plots of droplet size; SNEDDS-AGO-1, SNEDDS-AGO-2, and SNEDDS-AGO-3, composed of AGO, Miglyol 812, Cremophor RH 40, Capmul MCM EP, and ethanol at the ratios of 40:10:35:10:5, 40:20:15:20:5, and 60:10:15:10:5, respectively were selected as they possessed different droplet size of 62 ± 0.5, 107 ± 2.8, and 207 ± 4.3 nm, respectively. It was found that the droplet size played an important role in fish anesthesia. SNEDDS-AGO-3 showed the longest Anesthetic induction time (270 sec) (p

  • in vivo Anesthetic effect and mechanism of action of active compounds from alpinia galanga oil on cyprinus carpio koi carp
    Aquaculture, 2018
    Co-Authors: Nattakanwadee Khumpirapang, Surachai Pikulkaew, Anette Mullertz, Siripat Chaichit, Supat Jiranusornkul, Siriporn Okonogi
    Abstract:

    Abstract In the present study, three active compounds of Alpinia galanga oil (AGO); 1,8-cineole (37.43%), 4-allylphenyl acetate (25.97%), and methyl eugenol (5.07%) were investigated for Anesthetic effect on Cyprinus carpio (koi carp) and their mechanism of action. The Anesthetic effect was evaluated by determining the induction time that the fish needed to reach the surgical stage of anesthesia and subsequent recovery time. Among the three test compounds, methyl eugenol showed the shortest induction time and longest recovery time. The induction times of 4-allylphenyl acetate were longer and the recovery times were shorter than 1,8- cineole. For the mechanism of action, the compounds were investigated by computational docking into the benzodiazepine (BZD) site of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor complex model. Ligand-protein docking interaction, i.e., binding energy (ΔGbind) and inhibitory constant (Ki), were calculated. The result of the computational prediction was related to the experimental Anesthetic Activity, where methyl eugenol showed the lowest ΔGbind of −6.10 kcal mol−1 and Ki of 33.84 μM, followed by 4-allylphenyl acetate (with ΔGbind of −5.67 kcal mol−1 and Ki of 70.30 μM), and 1,8-cineole (with ΔGbind of −5.39 kcal mol−1 and Ki of 112.40 μM). To this end, a comparison of recovery time of the anesthetized fish using flumazenil, a BZD antagonist, was carried out. The fish exposed to all tested compounds resulted a faster recovery in the water tank with flumazenil than that without flumazenil, confirming the receptor binding site of these three compounds are GABAA receptor interaction. It is concluded that the Anesthetic effect of AGO on koi carp is according to the three main active compounds; 1,8-cineole, 4-allylphenyl acetate, and methyl eugenol. Moreover, the mechanism of Anesthetic action of these compounds is exerting GABAA receptor interaction via the BZD-binding site.

  • Anesthetic Activity of plant essential oils on cyprinus carpio koi carp
    Drug discoveries and therapeutics, 2018
    Co-Authors: Nattakanwadee Khumpirapang, Surachai Pikulkaew, Songyot Anuchapreeda, Siriporn Okonogi
    Abstract:

    The aims of this study were to investigate the Anesthetic and cytotoxic effects of essential oils (EOs) of Ocimum basilicum (OBO), O. canum (OCO), and O. sanctum (OSO) on Cyprinus carpio (koi carp). For Anesthetic effect, induction time to surgical anesthesia and recovery time were determined. For cytotoxicity effect, viability of fish peripheral blood nuclear cells (PBMCs) was investigated. Results indicated that increasing oil concentration caused significant (p < 0.01) decrease of induction time. OSO at 100, 200, and 300 mg/L gave the induction time of 169.5 ± 10.2, 62.8 ± 2.3, 45.3 ± 2.2 sec, respectively, significantly shorter than OCO, and OBO. The recovery time of anesthetized fish was dose dependent (p <0.01). Among them, OCO showed the longest recovery time of 313.0 ± 8.1, 420.7 ± 12.6, 616.6 ± 12.1 sec for concentrations of 100, 200, and 300 mg/L, respectively, followed by OSO and OBO, respectively. Within 10 min contact time of the EOs and fish PBMCs, the fish PBMC viability was higher than 80%. Increase contact time and EO concentration caused an increase in cytotoxicity to fish PBMC. OBO showed less toxic than OSO and OCO. Based on the desired induction and recovery times for anesthetizing koi carp, OBO, OCO, and OSO at 300, 200, and 100 mg/L, respectively were suggested to be the most suitable. It was concluded that OBO, OCO, and OSO can be used as natural Anesthetics for fish.

  • effects of alpinia galanga oil on anesthesia and stress reduction in oreochromis niloticus
    Drug discoveries and therapeutics, 2017
    Co-Authors: Surachai Pikulkaew, Wasana Chaisri, Nattakanwadee Khumpirapang, Siriporn Okonogi
    Abstract:

    Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) is one widely cultured fish in Thailand. Handling processes and transportation causes high stress in Nile tilapia. This study explores Anesthetic effect and stress reduction of Alpinia galanga oil (AGO) on Nile tilapia. The Anesthetic Activity was evaluated by the time for fish induction to anesthesia and full recovery. It was found that the suitable dose of AGO that caused desirable anesthesia of Nile tilapia was 700 mg/L. This dose gave induction and recovery times of approximately 257 and 438 sec, respectively. Blood glucose and plasma cortisol of the fish anesthetized with AGO showed nearly normal levels indicating that the fish stress during handling was not increased. Study on loading densities of fish mimicked general fish transportation and showed that loading density of fish was a crucial factor on fish stress. The highest water quality was found in the lowest loading density of fish. Water containing AGO at a concentration of 150 mg/L showed significantly higher potential for reducing fish Activity and water improvement than without AGO. Therefore, AGO is a promising natural edible plant oil for anesthesia in Nile tilapia.

Nattakanwadee Khumpirapang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • formulation optimization Anesthetic Activity skin permeation and transportation pathway of alpinia galanga oil snedds in zebrafish danio rerio
    European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2021
    Co-Authors: Nattakanwadee Khumpirapang, Louise Von Gersdorff Jorgensen, Anette Mullertz, Thomas Rades, Siriporn Okonogi
    Abstract:

    Abstract Alpinia galanga oil (AGO) has an Anesthetic Activity but its water insoluble property limits its clinical applications. The aim of the present study was to develop a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of AGO (SNEDDS-AGO) to avoid the use of organic solvent and investigate AGO transportation pathway and Anesthetic Activity. Three optimized formulations from a contour plots of droplet size; SNEDDS-AGO-1, SNEDDS-AGO-2, and SNEDDS-AGO-3, composed of AGO, Miglyol 812, Cremophor RH 40, Capmul MCM EP, and ethanol at the ratios of 40:10:35:10:5, 40:20:15:20:5, and 60:10:15:10:5, respectively were selected as they possessed different droplet size of 62 ± 0.5, 107 ± 2.8, and 207 ± 4.3 nm, respectively. It was found that the droplet size played an important role in fish anesthesia. SNEDDS-AGO-3 showed the longest Anesthetic induction time (270 sec) (p

  • in vivo Anesthetic effect and mechanism of action of active compounds from alpinia galanga oil on cyprinus carpio koi carp
    Aquaculture, 2018
    Co-Authors: Nattakanwadee Khumpirapang, Surachai Pikulkaew, Anette Mullertz, Siripat Chaichit, Supat Jiranusornkul, Siriporn Okonogi
    Abstract:

    Abstract In the present study, three active compounds of Alpinia galanga oil (AGO); 1,8-cineole (37.43%), 4-allylphenyl acetate (25.97%), and methyl eugenol (5.07%) were investigated for Anesthetic effect on Cyprinus carpio (koi carp) and their mechanism of action. The Anesthetic effect was evaluated by determining the induction time that the fish needed to reach the surgical stage of anesthesia and subsequent recovery time. Among the three test compounds, methyl eugenol showed the shortest induction time and longest recovery time. The induction times of 4-allylphenyl acetate were longer and the recovery times were shorter than 1,8- cineole. For the mechanism of action, the compounds were investigated by computational docking into the benzodiazepine (BZD) site of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor complex model. Ligand-protein docking interaction, i.e., binding energy (ΔGbind) and inhibitory constant (Ki), were calculated. The result of the computational prediction was related to the experimental Anesthetic Activity, where methyl eugenol showed the lowest ΔGbind of −6.10 kcal mol−1 and Ki of 33.84 μM, followed by 4-allylphenyl acetate (with ΔGbind of −5.67 kcal mol−1 and Ki of 70.30 μM), and 1,8-cineole (with ΔGbind of −5.39 kcal mol−1 and Ki of 112.40 μM). To this end, a comparison of recovery time of the anesthetized fish using flumazenil, a BZD antagonist, was carried out. The fish exposed to all tested compounds resulted a faster recovery in the water tank with flumazenil than that without flumazenil, confirming the receptor binding site of these three compounds are GABAA receptor interaction. It is concluded that the Anesthetic effect of AGO on koi carp is according to the three main active compounds; 1,8-cineole, 4-allylphenyl acetate, and methyl eugenol. Moreover, the mechanism of Anesthetic action of these compounds is exerting GABAA receptor interaction via the BZD-binding site.

  • Anesthetic Activity of plant essential oils on cyprinus carpio koi carp
    Drug discoveries and therapeutics, 2018
    Co-Authors: Nattakanwadee Khumpirapang, Surachai Pikulkaew, Songyot Anuchapreeda, Siriporn Okonogi
    Abstract:

    The aims of this study were to investigate the Anesthetic and cytotoxic effects of essential oils (EOs) of Ocimum basilicum (OBO), O. canum (OCO), and O. sanctum (OSO) on Cyprinus carpio (koi carp). For Anesthetic effect, induction time to surgical anesthesia and recovery time were determined. For cytotoxicity effect, viability of fish peripheral blood nuclear cells (PBMCs) was investigated. Results indicated that increasing oil concentration caused significant (p < 0.01) decrease of induction time. OSO at 100, 200, and 300 mg/L gave the induction time of 169.5 ± 10.2, 62.8 ± 2.3, 45.3 ± 2.2 sec, respectively, significantly shorter than OCO, and OBO. The recovery time of anesthetized fish was dose dependent (p <0.01). Among them, OCO showed the longest recovery time of 313.0 ± 8.1, 420.7 ± 12.6, 616.6 ± 12.1 sec for concentrations of 100, 200, and 300 mg/L, respectively, followed by OSO and OBO, respectively. Within 10 min contact time of the EOs and fish PBMCs, the fish PBMC viability was higher than 80%. Increase contact time and EO concentration caused an increase in cytotoxicity to fish PBMC. OBO showed less toxic than OSO and OCO. Based on the desired induction and recovery times for anesthetizing koi carp, OBO, OCO, and OSO at 300, 200, and 100 mg/L, respectively were suggested to be the most suitable. It was concluded that OBO, OCO, and OSO can be used as natural Anesthetics for fish.

  • effects of alpinia galanga oil on anesthesia and stress reduction in oreochromis niloticus
    Drug discoveries and therapeutics, 2017
    Co-Authors: Surachai Pikulkaew, Wasana Chaisri, Nattakanwadee Khumpirapang, Siriporn Okonogi
    Abstract:

    Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) is one widely cultured fish in Thailand. Handling processes and transportation causes high stress in Nile tilapia. This study explores Anesthetic effect and stress reduction of Alpinia galanga oil (AGO) on Nile tilapia. The Anesthetic Activity was evaluated by the time for fish induction to anesthesia and full recovery. It was found that the suitable dose of AGO that caused desirable anesthesia of Nile tilapia was 700 mg/L. This dose gave induction and recovery times of approximately 257 and 438 sec, respectively. Blood glucose and plasma cortisol of the fish anesthetized with AGO showed nearly normal levels indicating that the fish stress during handling was not increased. Study on loading densities of fish mimicked general fish transportation and showed that loading density of fish was a crucial factor on fish stress. The highest water quality was found in the lowest loading density of fish. Water containing AGO at a concentration of 150 mg/L showed significantly higher potential for reducing fish Activity and water improvement than without AGO. Therefore, AGO is a promising natural edible plant oil for anesthesia in Nile tilapia.

Douglas F Covey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • neurosteroid analogues 16 a new explanation for the lack of Anesthetic effects of δ 16 alphaxalone and identification of a δ 17 20 analogue with potent Anesthetic Activity
    Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2011
    Co-Authors: Eva Stastna, Kathiresan Krishnan, Brad D Manion, Amanda Taylor, Nigam P Rath, Ziwei Chen, Alex S Evers, Charles F Zorumski, Steven Mennerick, Douglas F Covey
    Abstract:

    This study addresses the hypothesis that the lack of Anesthetic Activity for (3α,5α)-3-hydroxypregn-16-ene-11,20-dione (Δ(16)-alphaxalone) is explained by the steroid Δ(16) double bond constraining the steroid 20-carbonyl group to a position that prevents it from favorably interacting with γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors. A series of Δ(16) and Δ(17(20)) analogues of Δ(16)-alphaxalone was prepared to evaluate this hypothesis in binding, electrophysiological, and tadpole anesthesia experiments. The results obtained failed to support the hypothesis. Instead, the results indicate that it is the presence of the C-21 methyl group in Δ(16)-alphaxalone, not the location of the constrained C-20 carbonyl group, that prevents Δ(16)-alphaxalone from interacting strongly with the GABA(A) receptor and having Anesthetic Activity. Consistent with this conclusion, a Δ(17(20)) analogue of Δ(16)-alphaxalone without a C-21 methyl group was found to be very similar to the Anesthetic steroid (3α,5α)-3-hydroxypregnane-11,20-dione (alphaxalone) with regard to time of onset and rate of recovery from anesthesia when administered to mice by tail vein injection.

  • neurosteroid analogues 15 a comparative study of the Anesthetic and gabaergic actions of alphaxalone δ16 alphaxalone and their corresponding 17 carbonitrile analogues
    Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2010
    Co-Authors: Achintya K Bandyopadhyaya, Brad D Manion, Amanda Taylor, Nigam P Rath, Alex S Evers, Charles F Zorumski, Steven Mennerick, Ann Benz, Douglas F Covey
    Abstract:

    Alphaxalone, a neuroactive steroid containing a 17β-acetyl group, has potent Anesthetic Activity in humans. This pharmacological Activity is attributed to this steroid’s enhancement of γ-amino butyric acid-mediated chloride currents at γ-amino butyric acid type A receptors. The conversion of alphaxalone into Δ16-alphaxalone produces an analogue that lacks Anesthetic Activity in humans and that has greatly diminished receptor actions. By contrast, the corresponding 17β-carbonitrile analogue of alphaxalone and the Δ16-17-carbonitrile analogue both have potent Anesthetic and receptor actions. The differential effect of the Δ16-double bond on the actions of alphaxalone and the 17β-carbonitrile analogue is accounted for by a differential effect on the orientation of the 17-acetyl and 17-carbonitrile substituents.

Berta Maria Heinzmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • nanoemulsion boosts Anesthetic Activity and reduces the side effects of nectandra grandiflora nees essential oil in fish
    Aquaculture, 2021
    Co-Authors: Patricia Rodrigues, Bernardo Baldisserotto, Quelen Iane Garlet, Fabiola Tonelli Ferrari, Luisa Barichello Barbosa, Andressa Righi, Luciane Varini Laporta, Berta Maria Heinzmann
    Abstract:

    Abstract Nectandra grandiflora essential oil has become an alternative to synthetic Anesthetics and sedation in fish. However, essential oil volatility, light sensitivity, and low water-solubility may limit its use in the fish farm. To overcome these drawbacks, we developed a new nanoemulsion product that may be applied as an Anesthetic. We evaluated the Anesthetic property and safety of free essential oil (FEO) and its nanoemulsion (NEN) for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Formulations were made using the spontaneous emulsification process, and stability was tested for NEN and FEO at 4, 25, and 40 °C for 90 days. The NEN contained 95% of FEO, the major compounds remained stable up to 60 days, and the NEN protected the active substances at all temperatures. Fish behavior was observed during a bath with FEO and NEN 3–300 mg/L concentrations for 30 min. The difference between sedated and anesthetized fish was detected by their swimming behavior and response to stimuli on the caudal peduncle. Behavior score, survival, or adverse effects were accessed with 10 and 30 mg/L concentrations of FEO and NEN during 24 h exposure and 72 h recovery. Only 100 mg/L of NEN induced anesthesia without side effects. Long-term exposure tests confirmed the 30 mg/L NEN safety, with a 100% survival rate for fish exposed to NEN and a 25.5% survival rate for fish exposed to surfactants. Therefore, this poorly water-soluble essential oil was converted into a novel sedative and Anesthetic for fish through nanoemulsion. Thus, nanoemulsion protects the essential oil and improves the pharmacological Activity, with the suggested use of 30 mg/L during 24 h, for sedation, and 100 mg/L, for anesthesia.

  • essential oils from citrus x aurantium and citrus x latifolia rutaceae have Anesthetic Activity and are effective in reducing ion loss in silver catfish rhamdia quelen
    Neotropical Ichthyology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Jane Mello Lopes, Berta Maria Heinzmann, J. Salbego, Carine F Souza, Bianca Schindler, Carlos Garrido Pinheiro, Jefferson Costa De Siqueira, Bernardo Baldisserotto
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT This study investigated the Anesthetic effect of the essential oils (EOs) from the peel of Citrus x aurantium (EOCA) and Citrus x latifolia (EOCL) on silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of EOCA and EOCL to determine time of anesthesia induction and recovery. Induction of anesthesia was observed in all fish exposed to 400, 600 or 800 μL L−1 EOCA and 300, 400 or 500 μL L−1 EOCL. Another group of fish were exposed for 8 h to 50, 100, or 200 μL L−1 of either EOs. Overall, fish exposed to ethanol and both EOs presented higher ventilatory frequencies (VF) than the control group throughout the 8 h of exposure. Net ion (Na+, K+ and Cl−) effluxes and ammonia excretion were significantly lower in fish exposed to 50, 100 or 200 μL L−1 of either EOs compared to control fish. Mortality was 37% in fish exposed to 200 μL L−1 of either EOs after 8 h. These findings suggest that EOCA and EOCL are useful Anesthetics and sedatives for Rhamdia quelen, but their usefulness as alternatives to reduce stress in fish transportation at the lower concentrations tested (50-100 µL L−1) deserves further study.

  • monoterpenoids thymol carvacrol and s linalool with Anesthetic Activity in silver catfish rhamdia quelen evaluation of acetylcholinesterase and gabaergic Activity
    Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2017
    Co-Authors: A Bianchini, Berta Maria Heinzmann, Quelen Iane Garlet, J.a. Da Cunha, G. Bandeira, I.c.m. Brusque, J. Salbego, Bernardo Baldisserotto
    Abstract:

    This study evaluated the Anesthetic potential of thymol and carvacrol, and their influence on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Activity in the muscle and brain of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). The AChE Activity of S-(+)-linalool was also evaluated. We subsequently assessed the effects of thymol and S-(+)-linalool on the GABAergic system. Fish were exposed to thymol and carvacrol (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L) to evaluate time for anesthesia and recovery. Both compounds induced sedation at 25 mg/L and anesthesia with 50-100 mg/L. However, fish exposed to carvacrol presented strong muscle contractions and mortality. AChE Activity was increased in the brain of fish at 50 mg/L carvacrol and 100 mg/L thymol, and decreased in the muscle at 100 mg/L carvacrol. S-(+)-linalool did not alter AChE Activity. Anesthesia with thymol was reversed by exposure to picrotoxin (GABAA antagonist), similar to the positive control propofol, but was not reversed by flumazenil (antagonist of benzodiazepine binding site), as observed for the positive control diazepam. Picrotoxin did not reverse the effect of S-(+)-linalool. Thymol exposure at 50 mg/L is more suitable than carvacrol for anesthesia in silver catfish, because this concentration did not cause any mortality or interference with AChE Activity. Thymol interacted with GABAA receptors, but not with the GABAA/benzodiazepine site. In contrast, S-(+)-linalool did not act in GABAA receptors in silver catfish.

  • Anesthetic Activity of the essential oil of ocimum americanum in rhamdia quelen quoy gaimard 1824 and its effects on stress parameters
    Neotropical Ichthyology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Lenise De Lima Silva, Gessi Koakoski, Bernardo Baldisserotto, Quelen Iane Garlet, Carlos Augusto Mallmann, Murilo S De Abreu, Leonardo Jose Gil Barcellos, Berta Maria Heinzmann
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the Anesthetic Activity of the essential oil (EO) of Ocimum americanum L. in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen ). In the first experiment, the depressor effects and chemical composition of the leaf EO (LEO) and inflorescence EO (IEO) were compared. Juveniles (n = 10) were placed in aquaria containing different concentrations of EO (25 - 500 mg L-1) to determine the point at which anesthesia was induced and the length of the recovery period. In the following experiment, the effects of 300 and 500 mg L-1 LEO exposure on stress parameters (plasma cortisol, glucose and sodium levels) after air exposure for 1 min were assayed. Fish (n = 10 per sampling time) were sampled immediately or transferred to Anesthetic-free aquaria until sampling (15, 30, 60 or 240 min). LEO was composed mainly of β-linalool and 1,8-cineole in similar proportions, whereas IEO showed β-linalool as major compound. Anesthesia was obtained in silver catfish with 200-500 mg L-1 between 4-8 min for LEO and 6-16 min for IEO. Lower EO concentrations did not reach Anesthetic stage up to 30 min. LEO used as Anesthetic prevented the cortisol increase and sodium loss induced by aerial exposure. Glucose levels were raised in catfish exposed to LEO compared to basal group (not air exposed) in almost all observation times. EO of O. americanum obtained from leaves was considered suitable to Anesthetic procedures due to its fast induction and handling-induced stress prevention.

  • Anesthetic Activity and bio guided fractionation of the essential oil of aloysia gratissima gillies hook tronc in silver catfish rhamdia quelen
    Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias, 2015
    Co-Authors: Simone Cristina Benovit, Bernardo Baldisserotto, Lenise De Lima Silva, Carlos Augusto Mallmann, J. Salbego, Vania Lucia Loro, Erico M M Flores, Berta Maria Heinzmann
    Abstract:

    This work aimed to determine the efficacy of the essential oil of A. gratissima as Anesthetic for silver catfish, and to perform the bio-guided fractionation of essential oil aiming to isolate compounds responsible for the noted effects. Fish were submitted to anesthesia bath with essential oil, its fractions and isolated compounds to determine time of Anesthetic induction and recovery. Eugenol (50 mg L -1 ) was used as positive control. Essential oil of A. gratissima was effective as an Anesthetic at concentrations of 300 to 900 mg L -1 . Fish presented involuntary muscle contractions during induction and recovery. The bio-guided fractionation of essential oil furnished E-(-)-pinocamphone, (-)-caryophyllene oxide, (-)-guaiol and (+)-spathulenol. E-(-)pinocamphone caused the same side effects observed for essential oil. (-)-Caryophyllene oxide, (-)-guaiol and (+)-spathulenol showed only sedative effects at proportional concentrations to those of the constituents in essential oil. (+)-Spathulenol (51.2 mg L -1 ) promoted deep anesthesia without side effects. A higher concentration of (+)-spathulenol, and lower or absent amounts of E-(-)-pinocamphone could contribute to increase the Activity and safety of the essential oil of A. gratissima. (+)-Spathulenol showed potent sedative and Anesthetic activities in silver catfish, and could be considered as a viable compound for the development of a new Anesthetic.

Bernardo Baldisserotto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • nanoemulsion boosts Anesthetic Activity and reduces the side effects of nectandra grandiflora nees essential oil in fish
    Aquaculture, 2021
    Co-Authors: Patricia Rodrigues, Bernardo Baldisserotto, Quelen Iane Garlet, Fabiola Tonelli Ferrari, Luisa Barichello Barbosa, Andressa Righi, Luciane Varini Laporta, Berta Maria Heinzmann
    Abstract:

    Abstract Nectandra grandiflora essential oil has become an alternative to synthetic Anesthetics and sedation in fish. However, essential oil volatility, light sensitivity, and low water-solubility may limit its use in the fish farm. To overcome these drawbacks, we developed a new nanoemulsion product that may be applied as an Anesthetic. We evaluated the Anesthetic property and safety of free essential oil (FEO) and its nanoemulsion (NEN) for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Formulations were made using the spontaneous emulsification process, and stability was tested for NEN and FEO at 4, 25, and 40 °C for 90 days. The NEN contained 95% of FEO, the major compounds remained stable up to 60 days, and the NEN protected the active substances at all temperatures. Fish behavior was observed during a bath with FEO and NEN 3–300 mg/L concentrations for 30 min. The difference between sedated and anesthetized fish was detected by their swimming behavior and response to stimuli on the caudal peduncle. Behavior score, survival, or adverse effects were accessed with 10 and 30 mg/L concentrations of FEO and NEN during 24 h exposure and 72 h recovery. Only 100 mg/L of NEN induced anesthesia without side effects. Long-term exposure tests confirmed the 30 mg/L NEN safety, with a 100% survival rate for fish exposed to NEN and a 25.5% survival rate for fish exposed to surfactants. Therefore, this poorly water-soluble essential oil was converted into a novel sedative and Anesthetic for fish through nanoemulsion. Thus, nanoemulsion protects the essential oil and improves the pharmacological Activity, with the suggested use of 30 mg/L during 24 h, for sedation, and 100 mg/L, for anesthesia.

  • essential oils from citrus x aurantium and citrus x latifolia rutaceae have Anesthetic Activity and are effective in reducing ion loss in silver catfish rhamdia quelen
    Neotropical Ichthyology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Jane Mello Lopes, Berta Maria Heinzmann, J. Salbego, Carine F Souza, Bianca Schindler, Carlos Garrido Pinheiro, Jefferson Costa De Siqueira, Bernardo Baldisserotto
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT This study investigated the Anesthetic effect of the essential oils (EOs) from the peel of Citrus x aurantium (EOCA) and Citrus x latifolia (EOCL) on silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of EOCA and EOCL to determine time of anesthesia induction and recovery. Induction of anesthesia was observed in all fish exposed to 400, 600 or 800 μL L−1 EOCA and 300, 400 or 500 μL L−1 EOCL. Another group of fish were exposed for 8 h to 50, 100, or 200 μL L−1 of either EOs. Overall, fish exposed to ethanol and both EOs presented higher ventilatory frequencies (VF) than the control group throughout the 8 h of exposure. Net ion (Na+, K+ and Cl−) effluxes and ammonia excretion were significantly lower in fish exposed to 50, 100 or 200 μL L−1 of either EOs compared to control fish. Mortality was 37% in fish exposed to 200 μL L−1 of either EOs after 8 h. These findings suggest that EOCA and EOCL are useful Anesthetics and sedatives for Rhamdia quelen, but their usefulness as alternatives to reduce stress in fish transportation at the lower concentrations tested (50-100 µL L−1) deserves further study.

  • monoterpenoids thymol carvacrol and s linalool with Anesthetic Activity in silver catfish rhamdia quelen evaluation of acetylcholinesterase and gabaergic Activity
    Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2017
    Co-Authors: A Bianchini, Berta Maria Heinzmann, Quelen Iane Garlet, J.a. Da Cunha, G. Bandeira, I.c.m. Brusque, J. Salbego, Bernardo Baldisserotto
    Abstract:

    This study evaluated the Anesthetic potential of thymol and carvacrol, and their influence on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Activity in the muscle and brain of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). The AChE Activity of S-(+)-linalool was also evaluated. We subsequently assessed the effects of thymol and S-(+)-linalool on the GABAergic system. Fish were exposed to thymol and carvacrol (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L) to evaluate time for anesthesia and recovery. Both compounds induced sedation at 25 mg/L and anesthesia with 50-100 mg/L. However, fish exposed to carvacrol presented strong muscle contractions and mortality. AChE Activity was increased in the brain of fish at 50 mg/L carvacrol and 100 mg/L thymol, and decreased in the muscle at 100 mg/L carvacrol. S-(+)-linalool did not alter AChE Activity. Anesthesia with thymol was reversed by exposure to picrotoxin (GABAA antagonist), similar to the positive control propofol, but was not reversed by flumazenil (antagonist of benzodiazepine binding site), as observed for the positive control diazepam. Picrotoxin did not reverse the effect of S-(+)-linalool. Thymol exposure at 50 mg/L is more suitable than carvacrol for anesthesia in silver catfish, because this concentration did not cause any mortality or interference with AChE Activity. Thymol interacted with GABAA receptors, but not with the GABAA/benzodiazepine site. In contrast, S-(+)-linalool did not act in GABAA receptors in silver catfish.

  • Anesthetic Activity of the essential oil of ocimum americanum in rhamdia quelen quoy gaimard 1824 and its effects on stress parameters
    Neotropical Ichthyology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Lenise De Lima Silva, Gessi Koakoski, Bernardo Baldisserotto, Quelen Iane Garlet, Carlos Augusto Mallmann, Murilo S De Abreu, Leonardo Jose Gil Barcellos, Berta Maria Heinzmann
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the Anesthetic Activity of the essential oil (EO) of Ocimum americanum L. in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen ). In the first experiment, the depressor effects and chemical composition of the leaf EO (LEO) and inflorescence EO (IEO) were compared. Juveniles (n = 10) were placed in aquaria containing different concentrations of EO (25 - 500 mg L-1) to determine the point at which anesthesia was induced and the length of the recovery period. In the following experiment, the effects of 300 and 500 mg L-1 LEO exposure on stress parameters (plasma cortisol, glucose and sodium levels) after air exposure for 1 min were assayed. Fish (n = 10 per sampling time) were sampled immediately or transferred to Anesthetic-free aquaria until sampling (15, 30, 60 or 240 min). LEO was composed mainly of β-linalool and 1,8-cineole in similar proportions, whereas IEO showed β-linalool as major compound. Anesthesia was obtained in silver catfish with 200-500 mg L-1 between 4-8 min for LEO and 6-16 min for IEO. Lower EO concentrations did not reach Anesthetic stage up to 30 min. LEO used as Anesthetic prevented the cortisol increase and sodium loss induced by aerial exposure. Glucose levels were raised in catfish exposed to LEO compared to basal group (not air exposed) in almost all observation times. EO of O. americanum obtained from leaves was considered suitable to Anesthetic procedures due to its fast induction and handling-induced stress prevention.

  • Anesthetic Activity and bio guided fractionation of the essential oil of aloysia gratissima gillies hook tronc in silver catfish rhamdia quelen
    Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias, 2015
    Co-Authors: Simone Cristina Benovit, Bernardo Baldisserotto, Lenise De Lima Silva, Carlos Augusto Mallmann, J. Salbego, Vania Lucia Loro, Erico M M Flores, Berta Maria Heinzmann
    Abstract:

    This work aimed to determine the efficacy of the essential oil of A. gratissima as Anesthetic for silver catfish, and to perform the bio-guided fractionation of essential oil aiming to isolate compounds responsible for the noted effects. Fish were submitted to anesthesia bath with essential oil, its fractions and isolated compounds to determine time of Anesthetic induction and recovery. Eugenol (50 mg L -1 ) was used as positive control. Essential oil of A. gratissima was effective as an Anesthetic at concentrations of 300 to 900 mg L -1 . Fish presented involuntary muscle contractions during induction and recovery. The bio-guided fractionation of essential oil furnished E-(-)-pinocamphone, (-)-caryophyllene oxide, (-)-guaiol and (+)-spathulenol. E-(-)pinocamphone caused the same side effects observed for essential oil. (-)-Caryophyllene oxide, (-)-guaiol and (+)-spathulenol showed only sedative effects at proportional concentrations to those of the constituents in essential oil. (+)-Spathulenol (51.2 mg L -1 ) promoted deep anesthesia without side effects. A higher concentration of (+)-spathulenol, and lower or absent amounts of E-(-)-pinocamphone could contribute to increase the Activity and safety of the essential oil of A. gratissima. (+)-Spathulenol showed potent sedative and Anesthetic activities in silver catfish, and could be considered as a viable compound for the development of a new Anesthetic.