The Experts below are selected from a list of 41898 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Pietro Celi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biomarkers of gastrointestinal functionality in Animal Nutrition and health
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Pietro Celi, Viviane Verlhac, Estefania Perez Calvo, Jerome Schmeisser, Annamaria KluenterAbstract:Abstract Effective gastrointestinal functionality is crucial in determining Animal health, welfare and performance. A new definition of gastrointestinal functionality has been recently presented and it has identified the key components that contribute to effective gastrointestinal functionality and health. These components are: diet, effective structure and function of the gastrointestinal barrier, host interaction with the gastrointestinal microbiota, effective digestion and absorption of feed, effective immune status, and neuroendocrine function of the gut. Each of these components are linked to each other by several complex mechanisms and pathways, however, having identified some key components of gastrointestinal functionality offers the opportunity to evaluate potential biomarkers that can allow us to measure the functionality of the gastrointestinal system in farm Animals. Numerous and rapidly evolving methodologies are producing an ever-increasing number and types of biomarkers, each with their own distinct advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, differences in models and methodologies make it difficult to extrapolate finding across species and to make meaningful comparisons, even when studies seem quite similar. This review will highlight the intrinsic challenges in choosing what biomarker to measure, where and when to measure it. Because of the complexity of the interactions between the key components of gastrointestinal functionality, we propose that the use of a single biomarker might not be feasible, rather we propose the development of a panel of biomarkers of gastrointestinal functionality that needs to be indicative not only of effective functionality and health of the gastrointestinal tract, but also of Animal performance, health and welfare.
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gastrointestinal functionality in Animal Nutrition and health new opportunities for sustainable Animal production
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Pietro Celi, A J Cowieson, Fidelis Frunji, Robert E Steinert, Annamaria Kluenter, Viviane VerlhacAbstract:Abstract Effective functionality of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and its health, are important factors in determining Animal performance. Several, complex mechanisms are involved in the regulation of GIT functionality and health, therefore it is crucial to deepen our knowledge of these interactions so that strategies for the modulation of GIT functionality and health, in context of improved Animal performance, can be developed. The concept of “gut health” has started to attract significant interest within the Animal science community, however a clear definition of gastrointestinal health and functionality and how it can be measured is lacking. Therefore, this review will present a new definition of gastrointestinal functionality and will address how optimal gastrointestinal functionality can promote Animal performances and welfare. The key components of gastrointestinal functionality reviewed in this article are: diet, effective structure and function of the gastrointestinal barrier, host interaction with the gastrointestinal microbiota, effective digestion and absorption of feed and effective immune status. While the relationships between these areas is extremely complex, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to develop Nutritional strategies that would allow farm Animals to become more resilient to the environmental and physiological challenges that they will have to endure during their productive career. As the demand of Animal products from the rapidly growing world human population is ever-growing, the aim of this review is to present Animal and veterinary scientists and Nutritionists, a new definition of gastrointestinal functionality that can be used to establish a multidisciplinary approach to increase Animal health, welfare and performance.
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oxidant antioxidant balance in Animal Nutrition and health the role of protein oxidation
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2015Co-Authors: Pietro Celi, Gianfranco GabaiAbstract:This review examines the role that oxidative stress, and protein oxidation in particular, plays in Nutrition, metabolism and health of farm Animals. The route by which redox homeostasis is involved in some important physiological functions and the implications of the impairment of oxidative status on Animal health and diseases is also examined. Proteins have various and, at the same time, unique biological functions and their oxidation can result in structural changes and various functional modifications. Protein oxidation seems to be involved in pathological conditions such as respiratory diseases and parasitic infection; however some studies also suggest that protein oxidation plays a crucial role in the regulation of important physiological functions such as reproduction, Nutrition, metabolism, lactation, gut health and neonatal physiology. As the characterization of the mechanisms by which oxidative stress may influence metabolism and health is attracting considerable scientific interest, the aim of this review is to present veterinary scientists and clinicians with various aspects of oxidative damage to proteins.
K.e. Webb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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board invited review peptide absorption and utilization implications for Animal Nutrition and health
Journal of Animal Science, 2008Co-Authors: Elizabeth R. Gilbert, E.a. Wong, K.e. WebbAbstract:Over the last 50 yr, the study of intesti- nal peptide transport has rapidly evolved into a field with exciting Nutritional and biomedical applications. In this review, we describe from a historical and cur- rent perspective intestinal peptide transport, the im- portance of peptides to whole-body Nutrition, and the cloning and characterization of the intestinal peptide transporter, PepT1. We focus on the Nutritional signifi- cance of peptide transport and relate these findings to livestock and poultry. Amino acids are transported into the enterocyte as free AA by a variety of AA transport- ers that vary in substrate specificity or as di- and trip- eptides by the peptide transporter, PepT1. Expression of PepT1 is largely restricted to the small intestine in most species; however, in ruminants, peptide transport and activity is observed in the rumen and omasum. The extent to which peptides are absorbed and utilized is still unclear. In ruminants, peptides make a contri- bution to the portal-drained visceral flux of total AA and are detected in circulating plasma. Peptides can be utilized by the mammary gland for milk protein synthesis and by a variety of other tissues. We discuss the factors known to regulate expression of PepT1 in- cluding development, diet, hormones, diurnal rhythm, and disease. Expression of PepT1 is detected during embryological stages in both birds and mammals and increases with age, a strategic event that allows for the immediate uptake of nutrients after hatch or birth. Both increasing levels of protein in the diet and dietary protein deficiencies are found to upregulate the peptide transporter. We also include in this review a discus- sion of the use of dietary peptides and potential alter- nate routes of nutrient delivery to the cell. Our goal is to impart to the reader the Nutritional implications of peptide transport and dietary peptides and share dis- coveries that shed light on various biological processes, including rapid establishment of intestinal function in early neonates and maintenance of intestinal function during fasting, starvation, and disease states.
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board invited review peptide absorption and utilization implications for Animal Nutrition and health
Journal of Animal Science, 2008Co-Authors: Elizabeth R. Gilbert, E.a. Wong, K.e. WebbAbstract:Over the last 50 yr, the study of intesti- nal peptide transport has rapidly evolved into a field with exciting Nutritional and biomedical applications. In this review, we describe from a historical and cur- rent perspective intestinal peptide transport, the im- portance of peptides to whole-body Nutrition, and the cloning and characterization of the intestinal peptide transporter, PepT1. We focus on the Nutritional signifi- cance of peptide transport and relate these findings to livestock and poultry. Amino acids are transported into the enterocyte as free AA by a variety of AA transport- ers that vary in substrate specificity or as di- and trip- eptides by the peptide transporter, PepT1. Expression of PepT1 is largely restricted to the small intestine in most species; however, in ruminants, peptide transport and activity is observed in the rumen and omasum. The extent to which peptides are absorbed and utilized is still unclear. In ruminants, peptides make a contri- bution to the portal-drained visceral flux of total AA and are detected in circulating plasma. Peptides can be utilized by the mammary gland for milk protein synthesis and by a variety of other tissues. We discuss the factors known to regulate expression of PepT1 in- cluding development, diet, hormones, diurnal rhythm, and disease. Expression of PepT1 is detected during embryological stages in both birds and mammals and increases with age, a strategic event that allows for the immediate uptake of nutrients after hatch or birth. Both increasing levels of protein in the diet and dietary protein deficiencies are found to upregulate the peptide transporter. We also include in this review a discus- sion of the use of dietary peptides and potential alter- nate routes of nutrient delivery to the cell. Our goal is to impart to the reader the Nutritional implications of peptide transport and dietary peptides and share dis- coveries that shed light on various biological processes, including rapid establishment of intestinal function in early neonates and maintenance of intestinal function during fasting, starvation, and disease states.
Annamaria Kluenter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biomarkers of gastrointestinal functionality in Animal Nutrition and health
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Pietro Celi, Viviane Verlhac, Estefania Perez Calvo, Jerome Schmeisser, Annamaria KluenterAbstract:Abstract Effective gastrointestinal functionality is crucial in determining Animal health, welfare and performance. A new definition of gastrointestinal functionality has been recently presented and it has identified the key components that contribute to effective gastrointestinal functionality and health. These components are: diet, effective structure and function of the gastrointestinal barrier, host interaction with the gastrointestinal microbiota, effective digestion and absorption of feed, effective immune status, and neuroendocrine function of the gut. Each of these components are linked to each other by several complex mechanisms and pathways, however, having identified some key components of gastrointestinal functionality offers the opportunity to evaluate potential biomarkers that can allow us to measure the functionality of the gastrointestinal system in farm Animals. Numerous and rapidly evolving methodologies are producing an ever-increasing number and types of biomarkers, each with their own distinct advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, differences in models and methodologies make it difficult to extrapolate finding across species and to make meaningful comparisons, even when studies seem quite similar. This review will highlight the intrinsic challenges in choosing what biomarker to measure, where and when to measure it. Because of the complexity of the interactions between the key components of gastrointestinal functionality, we propose that the use of a single biomarker might not be feasible, rather we propose the development of a panel of biomarkers of gastrointestinal functionality that needs to be indicative not only of effective functionality and health of the gastrointestinal tract, but also of Animal performance, health and welfare.
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gastrointestinal functionality in Animal Nutrition and health new opportunities for sustainable Animal production
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Pietro Celi, A J Cowieson, Fidelis Frunji, Robert E Steinert, Annamaria Kluenter, Viviane VerlhacAbstract:Abstract Effective functionality of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and its health, are important factors in determining Animal performance. Several, complex mechanisms are involved in the regulation of GIT functionality and health, therefore it is crucial to deepen our knowledge of these interactions so that strategies for the modulation of GIT functionality and health, in context of improved Animal performance, can be developed. The concept of “gut health” has started to attract significant interest within the Animal science community, however a clear definition of gastrointestinal health and functionality and how it can be measured is lacking. Therefore, this review will present a new definition of gastrointestinal functionality and will address how optimal gastrointestinal functionality can promote Animal performances and welfare. The key components of gastrointestinal functionality reviewed in this article are: diet, effective structure and function of the gastrointestinal barrier, host interaction with the gastrointestinal microbiota, effective digestion and absorption of feed and effective immune status. While the relationships between these areas is extremely complex, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to develop Nutritional strategies that would allow farm Animals to become more resilient to the environmental and physiological challenges that they will have to endure during their productive career. As the demand of Animal products from the rapidly growing world human population is ever-growing, the aim of this review is to present Animal and veterinary scientists and Nutritionists, a new definition of gastrointestinal functionality that can be used to establish a multidisciplinary approach to increase Animal health, welfare and performance.
Viviane Verlhac - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biomarkers of gastrointestinal functionality in Animal Nutrition and health
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Pietro Celi, Viviane Verlhac, Estefania Perez Calvo, Jerome Schmeisser, Annamaria KluenterAbstract:Abstract Effective gastrointestinal functionality is crucial in determining Animal health, welfare and performance. A new definition of gastrointestinal functionality has been recently presented and it has identified the key components that contribute to effective gastrointestinal functionality and health. These components are: diet, effective structure and function of the gastrointestinal barrier, host interaction with the gastrointestinal microbiota, effective digestion and absorption of feed, effective immune status, and neuroendocrine function of the gut. Each of these components are linked to each other by several complex mechanisms and pathways, however, having identified some key components of gastrointestinal functionality offers the opportunity to evaluate potential biomarkers that can allow us to measure the functionality of the gastrointestinal system in farm Animals. Numerous and rapidly evolving methodologies are producing an ever-increasing number and types of biomarkers, each with their own distinct advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, differences in models and methodologies make it difficult to extrapolate finding across species and to make meaningful comparisons, even when studies seem quite similar. This review will highlight the intrinsic challenges in choosing what biomarker to measure, where and when to measure it. Because of the complexity of the interactions between the key components of gastrointestinal functionality, we propose that the use of a single biomarker might not be feasible, rather we propose the development of a panel of biomarkers of gastrointestinal functionality that needs to be indicative not only of effective functionality and health of the gastrointestinal tract, but also of Animal performance, health and welfare.
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gastrointestinal functionality in Animal Nutrition and health new opportunities for sustainable Animal production
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Pietro Celi, A J Cowieson, Fidelis Frunji, Robert E Steinert, Annamaria Kluenter, Viviane VerlhacAbstract:Abstract Effective functionality of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and its health, are important factors in determining Animal performance. Several, complex mechanisms are involved in the regulation of GIT functionality and health, therefore it is crucial to deepen our knowledge of these interactions so that strategies for the modulation of GIT functionality and health, in context of improved Animal performance, can be developed. The concept of “gut health” has started to attract significant interest within the Animal science community, however a clear definition of gastrointestinal health and functionality and how it can be measured is lacking. Therefore, this review will present a new definition of gastrointestinal functionality and will address how optimal gastrointestinal functionality can promote Animal performances and welfare. The key components of gastrointestinal functionality reviewed in this article are: diet, effective structure and function of the gastrointestinal barrier, host interaction with the gastrointestinal microbiota, effective digestion and absorption of feed and effective immune status. While the relationships between these areas is extremely complex, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to develop Nutritional strategies that would allow farm Animals to become more resilient to the environmental and physiological challenges that they will have to endure during their productive career. As the demand of Animal products from the rapidly growing world human population is ever-growing, the aim of this review is to present Animal and veterinary scientists and Nutritionists, a new definition of gastrointestinal functionality that can be used to establish a multidisciplinary approach to increase Animal health, welfare and performance.
Elizabeth R. Gilbert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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board invited review peptide absorption and utilization implications for Animal Nutrition and health
Journal of Animal Science, 2008Co-Authors: Elizabeth R. Gilbert, E.a. Wong, K.e. WebbAbstract:Over the last 50 yr, the study of intesti- nal peptide transport has rapidly evolved into a field with exciting Nutritional and biomedical applications. In this review, we describe from a historical and cur- rent perspective intestinal peptide transport, the im- portance of peptides to whole-body Nutrition, and the cloning and characterization of the intestinal peptide transporter, PepT1. We focus on the Nutritional signifi- cance of peptide transport and relate these findings to livestock and poultry. Amino acids are transported into the enterocyte as free AA by a variety of AA transport- ers that vary in substrate specificity or as di- and trip- eptides by the peptide transporter, PepT1. Expression of PepT1 is largely restricted to the small intestine in most species; however, in ruminants, peptide transport and activity is observed in the rumen and omasum. The extent to which peptides are absorbed and utilized is still unclear. In ruminants, peptides make a contri- bution to the portal-drained visceral flux of total AA and are detected in circulating plasma. Peptides can be utilized by the mammary gland for milk protein synthesis and by a variety of other tissues. We discuss the factors known to regulate expression of PepT1 in- cluding development, diet, hormones, diurnal rhythm, and disease. Expression of PepT1 is detected during embryological stages in both birds and mammals and increases with age, a strategic event that allows for the immediate uptake of nutrients after hatch or birth. Both increasing levels of protein in the diet and dietary protein deficiencies are found to upregulate the peptide transporter. We also include in this review a discus- sion of the use of dietary peptides and potential alter- nate routes of nutrient delivery to the cell. Our goal is to impart to the reader the Nutritional implications of peptide transport and dietary peptides and share dis- coveries that shed light on various biological processes, including rapid establishment of intestinal function in early neonates and maintenance of intestinal function during fasting, starvation, and disease states.
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board invited review peptide absorption and utilization implications for Animal Nutrition and health
Journal of Animal Science, 2008Co-Authors: Elizabeth R. Gilbert, E.a. Wong, K.e. WebbAbstract:Over the last 50 yr, the study of intesti- nal peptide transport has rapidly evolved into a field with exciting Nutritional and biomedical applications. In this review, we describe from a historical and cur- rent perspective intestinal peptide transport, the im- portance of peptides to whole-body Nutrition, and the cloning and characterization of the intestinal peptide transporter, PepT1. We focus on the Nutritional signifi- cance of peptide transport and relate these findings to livestock and poultry. Amino acids are transported into the enterocyte as free AA by a variety of AA transport- ers that vary in substrate specificity or as di- and trip- eptides by the peptide transporter, PepT1. Expression of PepT1 is largely restricted to the small intestine in most species; however, in ruminants, peptide transport and activity is observed in the rumen and omasum. The extent to which peptides are absorbed and utilized is still unclear. In ruminants, peptides make a contri- bution to the portal-drained visceral flux of total AA and are detected in circulating plasma. Peptides can be utilized by the mammary gland for milk protein synthesis and by a variety of other tissues. We discuss the factors known to regulate expression of PepT1 in- cluding development, diet, hormones, diurnal rhythm, and disease. Expression of PepT1 is detected during embryological stages in both birds and mammals and increases with age, a strategic event that allows for the immediate uptake of nutrients after hatch or birth. Both increasing levels of protein in the diet and dietary protein deficiencies are found to upregulate the peptide transporter. We also include in this review a discus- sion of the use of dietary peptides and potential alter- nate routes of nutrient delivery to the cell. Our goal is to impart to the reader the Nutritional implications of peptide transport and dietary peptides and share dis- coveries that shed light on various biological processes, including rapid establishment of intestinal function in early neonates and maintenance of intestinal function during fasting, starvation, and disease states.