The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David L. Garbers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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heritable and stable gene knockdown in rats
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006Co-Authors: Christina Tenenhaus Dann, Alma L Alvarado, Robert E Hammer, David L. GarbersAbstract:The rat has served as an excellent model for studies on Animal Physiology and as a model for human diseases such as diabetes and alcoholism; however, genetic studies have been limited because of the inability to knock out genes. Our goal was to produce heritable deficiencies in specific gene function in the rat using RNA interference to knock down gene expression in vivo. Lentiviral-mediated transgenesis was used to produce rats expressing a short hairpin RNA targeting Dazl, a gene expressed in germ cells and required for fertility in mice [Ruggiu, M., Speed, R., Taggart, M., McKay, S. J., Kilanowski, F., Saunders, P., Dorin, J. & Cooke, H. J. (1997) Nature 389, 73–77]. Germ-line transmission of the transgene occurred, and its expression correlated with significant reductions in DAZL protein levels and male sterility, and the knockdown was stable over multiple generations (F1–F3). This study demonstrates an efficient system by which directed reverse genetic analysis can now be performed in the rat.
R D Warner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of heat stress on Animal Physiology metabolism and meat quality a review
Meat Science, 2020Co-Authors: P A Gonzalezrivas, Surinder S Chauhan, Narelle Fegan, F R Dunshea, R D WarnerAbstract:Heat stress is one of the most stressful events in the life of livestock with harmful consequences for Animal health, productivity and product quality. Ruminants, pigs and poultry are susceptible to heat stress due to their rapid metabolic rate and growth, high level of production, and species-specific characteristics such as rumen fermentation, sweating impairment, and skin insulation. Acute heat stress immediately before slaughter stimulates muscle glycogenolysis and can result in pale, soft and exudative (PSE) meat characterized by low water holding capacity (WHC). By contrast, Animals subjected to chronic heat stress, have reduced muscle glycogen stores resulting in dark, firm and dry (DFD) meat with high ultimate pH and high WHC. Furthermore, heat stress leads to oxidative stress, lipid and protein oxidation, and reduced shelf life and food safety due to bacterial growth and shedding. This review discusses the scientific evidence regarding the effects of heat stress on livestock Physiology and metabolism, and their consequences for meat quality and safety.
Else Verbeek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reduced cortisol and metabolic responses of thin ewes to an acute cold challenge in mid pregnancy implications for Animal Physiology and welfare
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Else Verbeek, Mark H Oliver, Joseph R Waas, Lance M Mcleay, Dominique Blache, L R MatthewsAbstract:Background: Low food availability leading to reductions in Body Condition Score (BCS; 0 indicates emaciation and 5 obesity) in sheep often coincides with low temperatures associated with the onset of winter in New Zealand. The ability to adapt to reductions in environmental temperature may be impaired in Animals with low BCS, in particular during pregnancy when metabolic demand is higher. Here we assess whether BCS affects a pregnant Animal's ability to cope with cold challenges. Results: During the BCS change phase, plasma glucose and leptin concentrations declined while free fatty acids (FFA) increased in LBC compared to MBC (P,0.01, P,0.01 and P,0.05, respectively) and HBC ewes (P,0.05, P,0.01 and P,0.01, respectively). During the cold challenge, plasma cortisol concentrations were lower in LBC than MBC (P,0.05) and HBC ewes (P,0.05), and FFA and insulin concentrations were lower in LBC than HBC ewes (P,0.05 and P,0.001, respectively). Leptin concentrations declined in MBC and HBC ewes while remaining unchanged in LBC ewes (P,0.01). Glucose concentrations and internal body temperature (Tcore) increased in all treatments, although peak Tcore tended to be higher in HBC ewes (P,0.1). During the recovery phase, T4 concentrations were lower in LBC ewes (P,0.05). Conclusion: Even though all ewes were able to increase Tcore and mobilize glucose, low BCS Animals had considerably reduced cortisol and metabolic responses to a cold challenge in mid-pregnancy, suggesting that their ability to adapt to cold challenges through some of the expected pathways was reduced.
Michael P Lisanti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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caveolae from cell biology to Animal Physiology
Pharmacological Reviews, 2002Co-Authors: Babak Razani, Scott Eric Woodman, Michael P LisantiAbstract:Among the membrane compartments of a cell, vesicles known as "caveolae" have long defied functional characterization. However, since the identification of a family of proteins termed "caveolins", that form and reside in caveolae, a better understanding has emerged. It is now clear that caveolae do not merely play a singular role in the cell, but are pleiotropic in nature-serving to modulate many cellular functions. The purpose of this review is to explicate what is known about caveolins/caveolae and highlight growing areas of caveolar research.
Luciano De Petrocellis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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endocannabinoids and related compounds walking back and forth between plant natural products and Animal Physiology
Chemistry & Biology, 2007Co-Authors: Vincenzo Di Marzo, Tiziana Bisogno, Luciano De PetrocellisAbstract:Cannabis sativa has been known, used, and misused by mankind for centuries, and yet only over the last two decades has research stemming from the chemical constituents specific to this plant, the cannabinoids, started to provide fundamental insights into Animal Physiology and pathology, resulting in the development of new therapeutics. The discovery of the endocannabinoid system, and its targeting with two new pharmaceutical preparations now on the market in several countries, represent the most recent example of how studies on medicinal plants and on the mechanism of their biological effects can reveal, through a chain of breakthroughs, new systems of endogenous signals and physiological phenomena that can become the source of novel strategies for unmet therapeutic challenges.