The Experts below are selected from a list of 55062 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Nicole Darmon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integrating nutrient bioavailability and co-Production links when identifying sustainable diets: How low should we reduce meat consumption?
PLoS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Tangui Barre, Marlene Perignon, Rozenn Gazan, Florent Vieux, Valerie Micard, Marie-josephe Amiot, Nicole DarmonAbstract:Background Reducing the consumption of meat and other Animal-based products is widely advocated to improve the sustainability of diets in high-income countries. However, such reduction may impair nutritional adequacy, since the bioavailability of key nutrients is higher when they come from Animal-vs plant-based foods. Meat reduction may also affect the balance between foods co-produced within the same Animal Production System. Objective The objective was to assess the impact of introducing nutrient bioavailability and co-Production links considerations on the dietary changes needed -especially regarding meat - to improve diet sustainability. Methods Diet optimization with linear and non-linear programming was used to design, for each gender, three modeled diets departing the least from the mean observed French diet (OBS) while reducing by at least 30% the diet-related environmental impacts (greenhouse gas emissions, eutrophication, acidification): i) in the nutrition-environment (NE) model, the fulfillment of recommended dietary allowances for all nutrients was imposed; ii) in the NE-bioavailability (NEB) model, nutritional adequacy was further ensured by accounting for iron, zinc, protein and provitamin A bioavailability; iii) in the NEB-co-Production (NEB-CP) model, two links between co-produced Animal foods (milk +/- beef and blood sausage +/- pork) were additionally included into the models by proportionally co-constraining their respective quantities. The price and environmental impacts of individual foods were assumed to be constant. Results `Fruit and vegetables' and `Starches' quantities increased in all modeled diets compared to OBS. In parallel, total meat and ruminant meat quantities decreased. Starting from 110g/d women's OBS diet (168g/d for men), total meat quantity decreased by 78%, 67% and 32% for women (68%, 66% and 62% for men) in NE, NEB and NEB-CP diets, respectively. Starting from 36g/d women's OBS diet (54g/d for men), ruminant meat quantity dropped severely by 84% and 87% in NE and NEB diets for women (80% and 78% for men), whereas it only decreased by 27% in NEB-CP diets (38% for men). The share of energy and proteins of Animal origin was similar for the 3 modeled diets (approximately 1/5 of total energy, and 1/2 of protein) and lower than in OBS diet (approximately 1/3 of total energy, and 2/3 of protein). Conclusions Decreasing meat content was strictly needed to achieve more sustainable diets for French adults, but the reduction was less severe when nutrient bioavailability and co-Production links were taken into account.
Fusuo Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nitrogen mass flow in china s Animal Production System and environmental implications
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2010Co-Authors: Fanghao Wang, J T Sims, Fusuo ZhangAbstract:China's economic boom in recent decades has stimulated consumer demand for Animal products and consequently, a vast expansion in Animal Production. From 1978 to 2006, the number of Animals increased by 322% for pigs, 209% for poultry, and 2770% for dairy cattle. The objective of the present study was to quantify nitrogen mass flow in China's Animal Production System at the national scale and to elucidate potential environmental implications. A comprehensive analysis was performed combining statistical records with data from the scientific literature and supplemental survey information. Results indicate that approximately 18 Mt of N flowed through the Chinese Animal Production System in 2006. Nitrogen input to the System was from various feed materials, including 6.8 Mt (38% of total) from roughage, 4.4 Mt (24%) from byproducts, 2.3 Mt (13%) from cereal grains, and 1.6 Mt (9%) each from crop residues and oilseed cakes, with the remaining N (16%) obtained from other feedstuffs. Nitrogen outputs from the System included edible Animal products (2.4 t, 13% of total), nonedible Animal parts (e.g., bones, skins) (3.8 Mt, 21%), and excreta (12 Mt, 66%). At the national level, the excreta would average 28 Mg (as excreted) and 90 kg N ha(-1) of cropland. However, at the provincial level, it varied from 1 Mg ha(-1) (5 kg N ha(-1)) in Qinghai to 97 Mg ha(-1) (243 kg N ha(-1)) in Sichuan. In regions with excreta in the intermediate rate (e.g., Hebei Province, 115 kg N ha(-1)) or high rare (e.g., Sichuan Province, 243 kg N ha(-1)), Animal manure contributes significantly to nutrients polluting groundwater and/or surface waters. It is crucial for China to develop and implement proper management practices to maximum the beneficial use of the 12 Mt excreta N while minimizing its environmental footprint.
Tangui Barre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integrating nutrient bioavailability and co-Production links when identifying sustainable diets: How low should we reduce meat consumption?
PLoS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Tangui Barre, Marlene Perignon, Rozenn Gazan, Florent Vieux, Valerie Micard, Marie-josephe Amiot, Nicole DarmonAbstract:Background Reducing the consumption of meat and other Animal-based products is widely advocated to improve the sustainability of diets in high-income countries. However, such reduction may impair nutritional adequacy, since the bioavailability of key nutrients is higher when they come from Animal-vs plant-based foods. Meat reduction may also affect the balance between foods co-produced within the same Animal Production System. Objective The objective was to assess the impact of introducing nutrient bioavailability and co-Production links considerations on the dietary changes needed -especially regarding meat - to improve diet sustainability. Methods Diet optimization with linear and non-linear programming was used to design, for each gender, three modeled diets departing the least from the mean observed French diet (OBS) while reducing by at least 30% the diet-related environmental impacts (greenhouse gas emissions, eutrophication, acidification): i) in the nutrition-environment (NE) model, the fulfillment of recommended dietary allowances for all nutrients was imposed; ii) in the NE-bioavailability (NEB) model, nutritional adequacy was further ensured by accounting for iron, zinc, protein and provitamin A bioavailability; iii) in the NEB-co-Production (NEB-CP) model, two links between co-produced Animal foods (milk +/- beef and blood sausage +/- pork) were additionally included into the models by proportionally co-constraining their respective quantities. The price and environmental impacts of individual foods were assumed to be constant. Results `Fruit and vegetables' and `Starches' quantities increased in all modeled diets compared to OBS. In parallel, total meat and ruminant meat quantities decreased. Starting from 110g/d women's OBS diet (168g/d for men), total meat quantity decreased by 78%, 67% and 32% for women (68%, 66% and 62% for men) in NE, NEB and NEB-CP diets, respectively. Starting from 36g/d women's OBS diet (54g/d for men), ruminant meat quantity dropped severely by 84% and 87% in NE and NEB diets for women (80% and 78% for men), whereas it only decreased by 27% in NEB-CP diets (38% for men). The share of energy and proteins of Animal origin was similar for the 3 modeled diets (approximately 1/5 of total energy, and 1/2 of protein) and lower than in OBS diet (approximately 1/3 of total energy, and 2/3 of protein). Conclusions Decreasing meat content was strictly needed to achieve more sustainable diets for French adults, but the reduction was less severe when nutrient bioavailability and co-Production links were taken into account.
Fanghao Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nitrogen mass flow in china s Animal Production System and environmental implications
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2010Co-Authors: Fanghao Wang, J T Sims, Fusuo ZhangAbstract:China's economic boom in recent decades has stimulated consumer demand for Animal products and consequently, a vast expansion in Animal Production. From 1978 to 2006, the number of Animals increased by 322% for pigs, 209% for poultry, and 2770% for dairy cattle. The objective of the present study was to quantify nitrogen mass flow in China's Animal Production System at the national scale and to elucidate potential environmental implications. A comprehensive analysis was performed combining statistical records with data from the scientific literature and supplemental survey information. Results indicate that approximately 18 Mt of N flowed through the Chinese Animal Production System in 2006. Nitrogen input to the System was from various feed materials, including 6.8 Mt (38% of total) from roughage, 4.4 Mt (24%) from byproducts, 2.3 Mt (13%) from cereal grains, and 1.6 Mt (9%) each from crop residues and oilseed cakes, with the remaining N (16%) obtained from other feedstuffs. Nitrogen outputs from the System included edible Animal products (2.4 t, 13% of total), nonedible Animal parts (e.g., bones, skins) (3.8 Mt, 21%), and excreta (12 Mt, 66%). At the national level, the excreta would average 28 Mg (as excreted) and 90 kg N ha(-1) of cropland. However, at the provincial level, it varied from 1 Mg ha(-1) (5 kg N ha(-1)) in Qinghai to 97 Mg ha(-1) (243 kg N ha(-1)) in Sichuan. In regions with excreta in the intermediate rate (e.g., Hebei Province, 115 kg N ha(-1)) or high rare (e.g., Sichuan Province, 243 kg N ha(-1)), Animal manure contributes significantly to nutrients polluting groundwater and/or surface waters. It is crucial for China to develop and implement proper management practices to maximum the beneficial use of the 12 Mt excreta N while minimizing its environmental footprint.
Aurélie Wilfart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Multiobjective formulation is an effective method to reduce environmental impacts of livestock feeds
British Journal of Nutrition, 2018Co-Authors: Florence Garcia-launay, Léonie Dusart, Sandrine Espagnol, Sarah Laisse-redoux, Didier Gaudré, Bertrand Méda, Aurélie WilfartAbstract:Environmental and economic performances of livestock Production are related largely to the Production of complete feeds provided on commercial farms. Formulating feeds based on environmental and economic criteria appears a suitable approach to address the current challenges of Animal Production. We developed a multiobjective (MO) method of formulating feed which considers both the cost and environmental impacts (estimated via life cycle assessment) of the feed mix. In the first step, least-cost formulation provides a baseline for feed cost and potential impacts per kg of feed. In the second, the minimised MO function includes normalised values of feed cost and impacts climate change, P demand, non-renewable energy demand and land occupation. An additional factor weights the relative influence of economic and environmental objectives. The potential of the method was evaluated using two scenarios of feed formulation for pig, broiler and young bulls. Compared to baseline feeds, MO-formulated feeds had lower environmental impacts in both scenarios studied (-2 to -48%), except for land occupation of broiler feeds, and a moderately higher cost (1-7%). The ultimate potential for this method to mitigate environmental impacts is probably lower than this, as Animal supply chains may compete for the same low-impact feed ingredients. The method developed complements other strategies. and optimising the entire Animal Production System should be explored in the future to substantially decrease the associated impacts.
