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Bernd Hoffmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neglected Hosts of Small Ruminant Morbillivirus.
Emerging infectious diseases, 2018Co-Authors: Claudia Schulz, Christine Fast, Kore Schlottau, Bernd HoffmannAbstract:Eradication of small Ruminant morbillivirus (PPRV) is targeted for 2030. PPRV lineage IV is found in much of Asia and Africa. We used PPRV lineage IV strain Kurdistan/2011 in transmission trials to investigate the role of pigs, wild boar, and small Ruminants as PPRV reservoirs. Suids were a possible source of infection.
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Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Vulnerable Wild Small Ruminants, Iran, 2014-2016.
Emerging infectious diseases, 2017Co-Authors: Mahmoud Marashi, Siamak Masoudi, Majid Kharazian Moghadam, Hossein Modirrousta, Mahyar Marashi, Masoumeh Parvizifar, Majid Dargi, Mahyar Saljooghian, Farbod Homan, Bernd HoffmannAbstract:In 2014-2016, >1,000 wild goats and sheep in 4 northern and central provinces of Iran died from peste des petits Ruminants virus (PPRV) infection. Partial nucleoprotein sequencing of PPRV from 3 animals showed a close relationship to lineage 4 strains from China. Control measures are needed to preserve vulnerable Ruminant populations.
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A broad spectrum screening of Schmallenberg virus antibodies in wildlife animals in Germany
Veterinary Research, 2015Co-Authors: Susan Mouchantat, Bernd Hoffmann, Walburga Lutz, Rainer G. Ulrich, Konstantin Börner, Ulrich WittstattAbstract:AbstractTo identify native wildlife species possibly susceptible to infection with Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a midge-transmitted orthobunyavirus that predominantly infects domestic Ruminants, samples from various free-living Ruminants, but also carnivores, small mammals and wild boar were analyzed serologically. Before 2011, no SBV-specific antibodies were detectable in any of the tested species, thereafter, a large proportion of the Ruminant population became seropositive, while every sample taken from carnivores or small mammals tested negative. Surprisingly, SBV-specific-antibodies were also present in a large number of blood samples from wild boar during the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 hunting seasons. Hence, free-ranging artiodactyls may play a role as wildlife host.
Ignacio Garciabocanegra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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epidemiological surveillance of schmallenberg virus in small Ruminants in southern spain
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Debora Jimenezmartin, David Canoterriza, Jose M Diazcao, Joan Pujols, Manuel Fernandezmorente, Ignacio GarciabocanegraAbstract:Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging Culicoides-borne Orthobunyavirus that affects Ruminant species. Between 2011 and 2013, it was responsible for a large-scale epidemic in Europe. In the present study, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with SBV exposure in sheep and goats in the region where the first Schmallenberg disease outbreak in Spain was reported. Blood samples from 1,796 small Ruminants from 120 farms were collected in Andalusia (southern Spain) between 2015 and 2017. Antibodies against SBV were detected in 536 of 1,796 animals (29.8%; 95%CI: 27.7-32.0) using a commercial blocking ELISA. The individual seroprevalence according to species was 31.1% (280/900; 95%CI: 28.1-34.1) in sheep and 28.6% (256/896; 95%CI: 25.6-31.5) in goats. The farm prevalence was 76.7% (95%CI: 69.1-84.2). Seropositivity to SBV was confirmed in both sheep and goats in all provinces by virus neutralization test. Two significant (p 14oC) and altitude (<400 metres above sea level) were risk factors associated with SBV exposure in small Ruminants. Our results highlight widespread but not homogeneous circulation of SBV in small Ruminant populations in Spain.
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description of the first schmallenberg disease outbreak in spain and subsequent virus spreading in domestic Ruminants
Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Saul Jimenezruiz, David Canoterriza, Joan Pujols, Jorge Paniagua, Julio Isla, Ana Belen Martinezpadilla, Maria Angeles Risalde, Javier Caballerogomez, A Arenas, Ignacio GarciabocanegraAbstract:Abstract Schmallenberg disease (SBD) is an emerging disease transmitted mainly among Ruminant species by biting midges of the genus Culicoides . Since the Schmallenberg virus (SBV) was first identified in Germany in late 2011, it rapidly spread to other European countries. The aims of the present study were to describe the first SBD outbreak in Spain and to assess the spread and risk factors associated with SBV infection in domestic Ruminants from nearby farms during the following year. In March 2012, one malformed stillborn lamb from a sheep farm located in Cordoba province (Southern Spain) was subjected to necropsy. Pathological compatible lesions and molecular analyses confirmed the first SBV infection in Spain. Afterwards, serum samples from 505 extensively reared domestic Ruminants from 29 farms were analysed using both blocking ELISA and virus neutralization test against SBV. The overall seroprevalence was 54.4% (CI 95% : 50.0–58.7). Antibodies were detected in 70.6%, 46.0% and 34.8% of cattle, sheep and goats, respectively. A generalized estimating equation model indicated that the main risk factors associated with SBV infection were: species (cattle), age (adult), and absence of animal insecticide treatment. Pathological and molecular results confirmed the presence of SBV in Spain few months after it was firstly identified in Germany. The seroprevalence detected indicates a widespread circulation of SBV in nearby domestic Ruminant farms one year after this first outbreak was reported in Spain. Further studies are warranted to determine the spatio-temporal trend of SBV in domestic Ruminants in this country.
Marcus Clauss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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decreasing methane yield with increasing food intake keeps daily methane emissions constant in two foregut fermenting marsupials the western grey kangaroo and red kangaroo
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Adam J. Munn, Marcus Clauss, Catharina Vendl, Mathew Stewart, Keith E A Leggett, Jurgen Hummel, Michael KreuzerAbstract:Fundamental differences in methane (CH4) production between macropods (kangaroos) and Ruminants have been suggested and linked to differences in the composition of the forestomach microbiome. Using six western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) and four red kangaroos (Macropus rufus), we measured daily absolute CH4 production in vivo as well as CH4 yield (CH4 per unit of intake of dry matter, gross energy or digestible fibre) by open-circuit respirometry. Two food intake levels were tested using a chopped lucerne hay (alfalfa) diet. Body mass-specific absolute CH4 production resembled values previously reported in wallabies and non-Ruminant herbivores such as horses, and did not differ with food intake level, although there was no concomitant proportionate decrease in fibre digestibility with higher food intake. In contrast, CH4 yield decreased with increasing intake, and was intermediate between values reported for Ruminants and non-Ruminant herbivores. These results correspond to those in Ruminants and other non-Ruminant species where increased intake (and hence a shorter digesta retention in the gut) leads to a lower CH4 yield. We hypothesize that rather than harbouring a fundamentally different microbiome in their foregut, the microbiome of macropods is in a particular metabolic state more tuned towards growth (i.e. biomass production) rather than CH4 production. This is due to the short digesta retention time in macropods and the known distinct 'digesta washing' in the gut of macropods, where fluids move faster than particles and hence most likely wash out microbes from the forestomach. Although our data suggest that kangaroos only produce about 27% of the body mass-specific volume of CH4 of Ruminants, it remains to be modelled with species-specific growth rates and production conditions whether or not significantly lower CH4 amounts are emitted per kg of meat in kangaroo than in beef or mutton production.
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digesta retention patterns of solute and different sized particles in camelids compared with Ruminants and other foregut fermenters
Journal of Comparative Physiology B-biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology, 2015Co-Authors: Marie T Dittmann, Michael Kreuzer, Ullrich Runge, Sylvia Ortmann, Richard A Lang, Dario Moser, Cordula Galeffi, Angela Schwarm, Marcus ClaussAbstract:The mean retention times (MRT) of solute or particles in the gastrointestinal tract and the forestomach (FS) are crucial determinants of digestive physiology in herbivores. Besides Ruminants, camelids are the only herbi- vores that have evolved rumination as an obligatory physi- ological process consisting of repeated mastication of large food particles, which requires a particle sorting mechanism in the FS. Differences between camelids and Ruminants have hardly been investigated so far. In this study we meas- ured MRTs of solute and differently sized particles (2, 10, and 20 mm) and the ratio of large-to-small particle MRT, i.e. the selectivity factors (SF10/2mm, SF20/2mm, SF20/10mm), in three camelid species: alpacas (Vicugna pacos), llamas (Llama glama), and Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus). The camelid data were compared with literature data from Ruminants and non-Ruminant foregut fermenters (NRFF). Camelids and Ruminants both had higher SF 10/2mm FS than NRFF, suggesting convergence in the function of the FS
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no distinct stratification of ingesta particles and no distinct moisture gradient in the fore stomach of non Ruminants the wallaby peccary hippopotamus and sloth
Mammalian Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Sylvia Ortmann, Angela Schwarm, Julia Fritz, E J Flach, Wolfram Rietschel, Marcus ClaussAbstract:Abstract Herbivores that digest plant material in the fore-stomach can be divided in Ruminants and non-Ruminants. This study describes the distribution of feed particles (and inorganic material) and dry matter (DM) in the digestive tract of non-Ruminant foregut fermenters. Results from passage trials led us to hypothesize that specific particle-sorting mechanisms, as observed in Ruminants, are unlikely in non-Ruminants. Therefore, no systematic particle size distribution effects (indicative of a sorting mechanism) should be evident in the fore-stomachs of these animals, but differences in fluid and particle retention suggest that differences in fluid concentration (measured as DM) could occur in the foregut of macropods and hippos. The gut content of eleven Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus), six collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu), three pygmy hippos (Hexaprotodon liberiensis), two common hippos (Hippopotamus amphibius) and one two-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus) were analyzed with an emphasis on the fore-stomach. The ventral and dorsal regions in sacciform compartments, and peripheral and central regions in tubular compartments, were examined. Results were not uniform across the species studied. A potential sedimentation mechanism was observed firstly by the accumulation of sand in the fore-stomach of the peccary and sloth, and secondly by the lower DM content in peripheral versus central and ventral versus dorsal regions of the fore-stomach of the wallabies and common hippos, respectively. However, pair-comparisons for different gut regions of wallabies and peccaries yielded no differences in mean particle size between fore-stomach regions. To conclude, some digesta fractionation does occur in the fore-stomach of the studied groups of non-Ruminants, but not in a uniform manner, which in turn is in accordance with morphological dissimilarities of their respective foregut structures. The absence of systematic fractionation effects in non-Ruminant foregut fermenters emphasizes the innovative character of the sorting mechanism in Ruminants.
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Higher masseter muscle mass in grazing than in browsing Ruminants
Oecologia, 2008Co-Authors: Marcus Clauss, Reinold R. Hofmann, W. Jürgen Streich, Jörns Fickel, Jurgen HummelAbstract:Using cranioskeletal measurements, several studies have generated evidence that grazing Ruminants have a more pronounced mastication apparatus, in terms of muscle insertion areas and protuberances, than browsing Ruminants, with the resulting hypothesis that grazers should have larger, heavier chewing muscles than browsers. However, the only investigation of this so far [Axmacher and Hofmann (J Zool 215:463–473, 1988 )] did not find differences between Ruminant feeding types in the masseter muscle mass of 22 species. Here, we expand the dataset to 48 Ruminant species. Regardless of phylogenetic control in the statistical treatment, there was a significant positive correlation of body mass and masseter mass, and also a significant association between percent grass in the natural diet and masseter mass. The results support the concept that Ruminant species that ingest more grass have relatively larger masseter muscles, possibly indicating an increased requirement to overcome the resistance of grass forage. The comparative chewing resistance of different forage classes may represent a rewarding field of ecophysiological research.
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observations on the macroscopic digestive anatomy of the himalayan tahr hemitragus jemlahicus
Anatomia Histologia Embryologia, 2005Co-Authors: Marcus Clauss, Jurgen Hummel, F Vercammen, W J StreichAbstract:We measured macroscopic anatomical parameters of the digestive tract of 12 female Himalayan tahrs. According to morphological criteria used sensu Hofmann for the classification of Ruminants into feeding types - in particular the reticuloruminal capacity measured as wet content weights, the ruminal pillar thickness, the reticular honeycomb structure, the size of the omasum and the size of the parotid glands - tahrs can be classified as predominantly grazing Ruminants. As reported in other Ruminant species, the length of the large intestine was a more constant parameter over a range of body weights than that of the small intestine. The weight of the parotid glands scaled to metabolic body weight.
David Canoterriza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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epidemiological surveillance of schmallenberg virus in small Ruminants in southern spain
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Debora Jimenezmartin, David Canoterriza, Jose M Diazcao, Joan Pujols, Manuel Fernandezmorente, Ignacio GarciabocanegraAbstract:Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging Culicoides-borne Orthobunyavirus that affects Ruminant species. Between 2011 and 2013, it was responsible for a large-scale epidemic in Europe. In the present study, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with SBV exposure in sheep and goats in the region where the first Schmallenberg disease outbreak in Spain was reported. Blood samples from 1,796 small Ruminants from 120 farms were collected in Andalusia (southern Spain) between 2015 and 2017. Antibodies against SBV were detected in 536 of 1,796 animals (29.8%; 95%CI: 27.7-32.0) using a commercial blocking ELISA. The individual seroprevalence according to species was 31.1% (280/900; 95%CI: 28.1-34.1) in sheep and 28.6% (256/896; 95%CI: 25.6-31.5) in goats. The farm prevalence was 76.7% (95%CI: 69.1-84.2). Seropositivity to SBV was confirmed in both sheep and goats in all provinces by virus neutralization test. Two significant (p 14oC) and altitude (<400 metres above sea level) were risk factors associated with SBV exposure in small Ruminants. Our results highlight widespread but not homogeneous circulation of SBV in small Ruminant populations in Spain.
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description of the first schmallenberg disease outbreak in spain and subsequent virus spreading in domestic Ruminants
Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Saul Jimenezruiz, David Canoterriza, Joan Pujols, Jorge Paniagua, Julio Isla, Ana Belen Martinezpadilla, Maria Angeles Risalde, Javier Caballerogomez, A Arenas, Ignacio GarciabocanegraAbstract:Abstract Schmallenberg disease (SBD) is an emerging disease transmitted mainly among Ruminant species by biting midges of the genus Culicoides . Since the Schmallenberg virus (SBV) was first identified in Germany in late 2011, it rapidly spread to other European countries. The aims of the present study were to describe the first SBD outbreak in Spain and to assess the spread and risk factors associated with SBV infection in domestic Ruminants from nearby farms during the following year. In March 2012, one malformed stillborn lamb from a sheep farm located in Cordoba province (Southern Spain) was subjected to necropsy. Pathological compatible lesions and molecular analyses confirmed the first SBV infection in Spain. Afterwards, serum samples from 505 extensively reared domestic Ruminants from 29 farms were analysed using both blocking ELISA and virus neutralization test against SBV. The overall seroprevalence was 54.4% (CI 95% : 50.0–58.7). Antibodies were detected in 70.6%, 46.0% and 34.8% of cattle, sheep and goats, respectively. A generalized estimating equation model indicated that the main risk factors associated with SBV infection were: species (cattle), age (adult), and absence of animal insecticide treatment. Pathological and molecular results confirmed the presence of SBV in Spain few months after it was firstly identified in Germany. The seroprevalence detected indicates a widespread circulation of SBV in nearby domestic Ruminant farms one year after this first outbreak was reported in Spain. Further studies are warranted to determine the spatio-temporal trend of SBV in domestic Ruminants in this country.
Joan Pujols - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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epidemiological surveillance of schmallenberg virus in small Ruminants in southern spain
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Debora Jimenezmartin, David Canoterriza, Jose M Diazcao, Joan Pujols, Manuel Fernandezmorente, Ignacio GarciabocanegraAbstract:Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging Culicoides-borne Orthobunyavirus that affects Ruminant species. Between 2011 and 2013, it was responsible for a large-scale epidemic in Europe. In the present study, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with SBV exposure in sheep and goats in the region where the first Schmallenberg disease outbreak in Spain was reported. Blood samples from 1,796 small Ruminants from 120 farms were collected in Andalusia (southern Spain) between 2015 and 2017. Antibodies against SBV were detected in 536 of 1,796 animals (29.8%; 95%CI: 27.7-32.0) using a commercial blocking ELISA. The individual seroprevalence according to species was 31.1% (280/900; 95%CI: 28.1-34.1) in sheep and 28.6% (256/896; 95%CI: 25.6-31.5) in goats. The farm prevalence was 76.7% (95%CI: 69.1-84.2). Seropositivity to SBV was confirmed in both sheep and goats in all provinces by virus neutralization test. Two significant (p 14oC) and altitude (<400 metres above sea level) were risk factors associated with SBV exposure in small Ruminants. Our results highlight widespread but not homogeneous circulation of SBV in small Ruminant populations in Spain.
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description of the first schmallenberg disease outbreak in spain and subsequent virus spreading in domestic Ruminants
Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Saul Jimenezruiz, David Canoterriza, Joan Pujols, Jorge Paniagua, Julio Isla, Ana Belen Martinezpadilla, Maria Angeles Risalde, Javier Caballerogomez, A Arenas, Ignacio GarciabocanegraAbstract:Abstract Schmallenberg disease (SBD) is an emerging disease transmitted mainly among Ruminant species by biting midges of the genus Culicoides . Since the Schmallenberg virus (SBV) was first identified in Germany in late 2011, it rapidly spread to other European countries. The aims of the present study were to describe the first SBD outbreak in Spain and to assess the spread and risk factors associated with SBV infection in domestic Ruminants from nearby farms during the following year. In March 2012, one malformed stillborn lamb from a sheep farm located in Cordoba province (Southern Spain) was subjected to necropsy. Pathological compatible lesions and molecular analyses confirmed the first SBV infection in Spain. Afterwards, serum samples from 505 extensively reared domestic Ruminants from 29 farms were analysed using both blocking ELISA and virus neutralization test against SBV. The overall seroprevalence was 54.4% (CI 95% : 50.0–58.7). Antibodies were detected in 70.6%, 46.0% and 34.8% of cattle, sheep and goats, respectively. A generalized estimating equation model indicated that the main risk factors associated with SBV infection were: species (cattle), age (adult), and absence of animal insecticide treatment. Pathological and molecular results confirmed the presence of SBV in Spain few months after it was firstly identified in Germany. The seroprevalence detected indicates a widespread circulation of SBV in nearby domestic Ruminant farms one year after this first outbreak was reported in Spain. Further studies are warranted to determine the spatio-temporal trend of SBV in domestic Ruminants in this country.
