The Experts below are selected from a list of 54636 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ulrike Niemeier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over china observed from space
Nature, 2005Co-Authors: Andreas Richter, J P Burrows, Hendrik Nuss, Claire Granier, Ulrike NiemeierAbstract:The rapid expansion of the Chinese economy is making its mark on the environment. Atmospheric pollution due to the release of nitrogen oxides from fossil fuel and biomass burning is expected to decrease in most industrialized countries but in some parts of the world rapid economic development could have the opposite effect. Satellite observations over the period 1996–2004 now provide confirmation of these predictions. Across parts of Europe and North America there have been dramatic reductions in nitrogen oxide concentrations in the lower atmosphere (the troposphere). But there was a significant increase of about 50% — with an accelerating trend in Annual Growth Rate — over the industrial areas of China; this is much larger than predictions made based on emission inventories. Emissions from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning reduce local air quality and affect global tropospheric chemistry. Nitrogen oxides are emitted by all combustion processes and play a key part in the photochemically induced catalytic production of ozone, which results in summer smog and has increased levels of tropospheric ozone globally1. Release of nitrogen oxide also results in nitric acid deposition, and—at least locally—increases radiative forcing effects due to the absorption of downward propagating visible light2. Nitrogen oxide concentrations in many industrialized countries are expected to decrease3, but rapid economic development has the potential to increase significantly the emissions of nitrogen oxides4,5,6,7 in parts of Asia. Here we present the tropospheric column amounts of nitrogen dioxide retrieved from two satellite instruments GOME8,9 and SCIAMACHY10 over the years 1996–2004. We find substantial reductions in nitrogen dioxide concentrations over some areas of Europe and the USA, but a highly significant increase of about 50 per cent—with an accelerating trend in Annual Growth Rate—over the industrial areas of China, more than recent bottom-up inventories suggest6.
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increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over china observed from space
Nature, 2005Co-Authors: Andreas Richter, J P Burrows, Hendrik Nuss, Claire Granier, Ulrike NiemeierAbstract:The rapid expansion of the Chinese economy is making its mark on the environment. Atmospheric pollution due to the release of nitrogen oxides from fossil fuel and biomass burning is expected to decrease in most industrialized countries but in some parts of the world rapid economic development could have the opposite effect. Satellite observations over the period 1996–2004 now provide confirmation of these predictions. Across parts of Europe and North America there have been dramatic reductions in nitrogen oxide concentrations in the lower atmosphere (the troposphere). But there was a significant increase of about 50% — with an accelerating trend in Annual Growth Rate — over the industrial areas of China; this is much larger than predictions made based on emission inventories. Emissions from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning reduce local air quality and affect global tropospheric chemistry. Nitrogen oxides are emitted by all combustion processes and play a key part in the photochemically induced catalytic production of ozone, which results in summer smog and has increased levels of tropospheric ozone globally1. Release of nitrogen oxide also results in nitric acid deposition, and—at least locally—increases radiative forcing effects due to the absorption of downward propagating visible light2. Nitrogen oxide concentrations in many industrialized countries are expected to decrease3, but rapid economic development has the potential to increase significantly the emissions of nitrogen oxides4,5,6,7 in parts of Asia. Here we present the tropospheric column amounts of nitrogen dioxide retrieved from two satellite instruments GOME8,9 and SCIAMACHY10 over the years 1996–2004. We find substantial reductions in nitrogen dioxide concentrations over some areas of Europe and the USA, but a highly significant increase of about 50 per cent—with an accelerating trend in Annual Growth Rate—over the industrial areas of China, more than recent bottom-up inventories suggest6.
Chongying Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of rural residential energy consumption and corresponding carbon emissions in china
Energy Policy, 2012Co-Authors: Chunsheng Yao, Chongying ChenAbstract:The analysis of rural residential energy consumption in China from 2001 to 2008 and corresponding impacts on climate change is presented in the paper. It is found that rural residential energy consumption has shown obvious transition from non-commercial energy to commercial energy. The percentage of biomass energy consumption dropped from 81.5% in 2001 to 70.9% in 2008, while the percentage of commercial energy increased from 17.1% to 25.1%. Besides, other renewable energy increased very fast with Annual Growth Rate of 19.8%. Correspondingly, total CO2 emissions from rural residential energy consumption had significant increase from 152.2 Million tons in 2001 to 283.6 Million tons in 2008. The Annual Growth Rate of per capita CO2 emissions was nearly 2 times faster than that of urban area. The major driving force for the consumption of commercial energy was the income of rural farmers, while strong rural energy policies supported the development of renewable energy. To satisfy the goals of energy supply and CO2 emissions reduction in rural areas, it is advised to change the energy structure and improve the energy efficiency, such as to geneRate electricity using renewable technologies and to replace coal with modern biomass energy for cooking and heating.
Andreas Richter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over china observed from space
Nature, 2005Co-Authors: Andreas Richter, J P Burrows, Hendrik Nuss, Claire Granier, Ulrike NiemeierAbstract:The rapid expansion of the Chinese economy is making its mark on the environment. Atmospheric pollution due to the release of nitrogen oxides from fossil fuel and biomass burning is expected to decrease in most industrialized countries but in some parts of the world rapid economic development could have the opposite effect. Satellite observations over the period 1996–2004 now provide confirmation of these predictions. Across parts of Europe and North America there have been dramatic reductions in nitrogen oxide concentrations in the lower atmosphere (the troposphere). But there was a significant increase of about 50% — with an accelerating trend in Annual Growth Rate — over the industrial areas of China; this is much larger than predictions made based on emission inventories. Emissions from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning reduce local air quality and affect global tropospheric chemistry. Nitrogen oxides are emitted by all combustion processes and play a key part in the photochemically induced catalytic production of ozone, which results in summer smog and has increased levels of tropospheric ozone globally1. Release of nitrogen oxide also results in nitric acid deposition, and—at least locally—increases radiative forcing effects due to the absorption of downward propagating visible light2. Nitrogen oxide concentrations in many industrialized countries are expected to decrease3, but rapid economic development has the potential to increase significantly the emissions of nitrogen oxides4,5,6,7 in parts of Asia. Here we present the tropospheric column amounts of nitrogen dioxide retrieved from two satellite instruments GOME8,9 and SCIAMACHY10 over the years 1996–2004. We find substantial reductions in nitrogen dioxide concentrations over some areas of Europe and the USA, but a highly significant increase of about 50 per cent—with an accelerating trend in Annual Growth Rate—over the industrial areas of China, more than recent bottom-up inventories suggest6.
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increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over china observed from space
Nature, 2005Co-Authors: Andreas Richter, J P Burrows, Hendrik Nuss, Claire Granier, Ulrike NiemeierAbstract:The rapid expansion of the Chinese economy is making its mark on the environment. Atmospheric pollution due to the release of nitrogen oxides from fossil fuel and biomass burning is expected to decrease in most industrialized countries but in some parts of the world rapid economic development could have the opposite effect. Satellite observations over the period 1996–2004 now provide confirmation of these predictions. Across parts of Europe and North America there have been dramatic reductions in nitrogen oxide concentrations in the lower atmosphere (the troposphere). But there was a significant increase of about 50% — with an accelerating trend in Annual Growth Rate — over the industrial areas of China; this is much larger than predictions made based on emission inventories. Emissions from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning reduce local air quality and affect global tropospheric chemistry. Nitrogen oxides are emitted by all combustion processes and play a key part in the photochemically induced catalytic production of ozone, which results in summer smog and has increased levels of tropospheric ozone globally1. Release of nitrogen oxide also results in nitric acid deposition, and—at least locally—increases radiative forcing effects due to the absorption of downward propagating visible light2. Nitrogen oxide concentrations in many industrialized countries are expected to decrease3, but rapid economic development has the potential to increase significantly the emissions of nitrogen oxides4,5,6,7 in parts of Asia. Here we present the tropospheric column amounts of nitrogen dioxide retrieved from two satellite instruments GOME8,9 and SCIAMACHY10 over the years 1996–2004. We find substantial reductions in nitrogen dioxide concentrations over some areas of Europe and the USA, but a highly significant increase of about 50 per cent—with an accelerating trend in Annual Growth Rate—over the industrial areas of China, more than recent bottom-up inventories suggest6.
Gregorio Montero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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shrub biomass accumulation and Growth Rate models to quantify carbon stocks and fluxes for the mediterranean region
European Journal of Forest Research, 2015Co-Authors: Maria Pasalodostato, Ricardo Ruizpeinado, Miren Del Rio, Gregorio MonteroAbstract:The importance of shrub formations in the Mediterranean area both in terms of area occupied and carbon sequestered by them is currently being recognized. However, due to the lack of suitable models to estimate biomass accumulation and Growth Rate in this region, the carbon sequestered by these formations is not included when computing the total carbon stocks in aboveground biomass in Mediterranean forest ecosystems, according to the IPCC guidelines. The aim of the present study is to develop equations to predict biomass accumulation and Growth Rate for the main shrub formations in the region of Andalusia (Southern Spain), using the fraction of canopy cover (FCC m ) and the average height of the shrub formations (H m ) as predictors. To build these models, more than 800 plots were inventoried using destructive sampling; the mean value found in the region for biomass accumulation and Annual Growth Rate being 16.73 Mg ha−1 and 1.14 Mg ha−1 year−1, respectively. Heathers and big-size Cistaceae formations were the ones that presented the highest values of biomass accumulation (24.99 and 21.01 Mg ha−1, respectively), while the highest values for Annual Growth Rate were achieved by Leguminous gorse shrubs and, again, big-size Cistaceae bushes (1.49 and 1.64 Mg ha−1 year−1, respectively). The carbon content for the main shrub species and formations in the area was also obtained. The developed models provide the opportunity to estimate shrub carbon stocks in Mediterranean forest management from easy-to-obtain variables, namely FCC m and H m . Moreover, the used shrub formations classifications and model structure allow their applicability to compute biomass accumulation and Growth Rate at regional and national level using as input data from the Spanish National Forest Inventory.
Chunsheng Yao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of rural residential energy consumption and corresponding carbon emissions in china
Energy Policy, 2012Co-Authors: Chunsheng Yao, Chongying ChenAbstract:The analysis of rural residential energy consumption in China from 2001 to 2008 and corresponding impacts on climate change is presented in the paper. It is found that rural residential energy consumption has shown obvious transition from non-commercial energy to commercial energy. The percentage of biomass energy consumption dropped from 81.5% in 2001 to 70.9% in 2008, while the percentage of commercial energy increased from 17.1% to 25.1%. Besides, other renewable energy increased very fast with Annual Growth Rate of 19.8%. Correspondingly, total CO2 emissions from rural residential energy consumption had significant increase from 152.2 Million tons in 2001 to 283.6 Million tons in 2008. The Annual Growth Rate of per capita CO2 emissions was nearly 2 times faster than that of urban area. The major driving force for the consumption of commercial energy was the income of rural farmers, while strong rural energy policies supported the development of renewable energy. To satisfy the goals of energy supply and CO2 emissions reduction in rural areas, it is advised to change the energy structure and improve the energy efficiency, such as to geneRate electricity using renewable technologies and to replace coal with modern biomass energy for cooking and heating.