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Tongzuo Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the four Antelope species on the qinghai tibet plateau face habitat loss and redistribution to higher latitudes under climate change
Ecological Indicators, 2021Co-Authors: Jingjie Zhang, Feng Jiang, Wen Qin, Yuansheng Hou, Pengfei Song, Zhenyuan Cai, Tongzuo ZhangAbstract:Abstract Climate change is predicted to directly or indirectly affect species distribution and abundance, especially the species that live on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau that is highly sensitive to climate change. The Przewalski’s gazelle (Procapra przewalskii), the Goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa), the Tibetan gazelle (Procapra picticaudata) and the Tibetan Antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) are the only four existing Antelopes living on the plateau. They play indispensable roles in regulating the structure and function of the plateau ecosystem. To understand how climate change affects the spatial distribution and migration direction of these ungulates, we applied the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model and used 82, 57, 397 and 324 GPS points of Przewalski’s gazelle, Goitered gazelle, Tibetan gazelle and Tibetan Antelope, respectively. These points were mainly obtained through the survey of the line transect method and a small part from the database, and then we combined with the related environmental variables, and afterwards evaluated to predict the habitat change and shift of species geographic range under three climate scenarios in the 2050s and 2070s. Additionally, the potential migration paths in the future were simulated by the Minimal Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model. The results showed that climate change would cause habitat loss for all four species. The Tibetan Antelope was predicted to lose over 50% of its current inhabited area under the most severe climate scenario. Also, the suitable habitat of all species would shift to higher latitudes. In particular, the Przewalski’s gazelle as an endangered species that occupies narrow habitat area would face more severe challenges in the future. Therefore, all suitable habitats should be considered as important protection areas, and our results also provide a reference for designing the optimal migration corridors for the investigated species.
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Adaptation of migratory Tibetan Antelope to infrastructure development
'Informa UK Limited', 2021Co-Authors: Xinming Lian, Dong Wang, Jiaping Chen, Ziyan Miao, Tongzuo ZhangAbstract:The Tibetan Antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) is a migratory ungulate species that inhabits the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. In recent years, the population of Tibetan Antelope has steadily increased owing to rigorous protection measures to safeguard the species from commercial poaching. Currently, infrastructure development, competition with domestic livestock, and predation are the principal factors threatening the survival of Tibetan Antelope. Our study found that migratory Tibetan Antelope can adapt to the development of infrastructure over time, decreasing the potential negative impacts of such developments. We, therefore, urge infrastructure development companies to incorporate wildlife corridors that enable free movement of wildlife populations, particularly for migratory species
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prevalence and parasite composition of gastrointestinal parasites in the endangered tibetan Antelope pantholops hodgsonii from the calving ground of hoh xil nature world heritage site qinghai china
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Yifan Cao, Tongzuo Zhang, Yuangang Yang, Donald W Duszynski, Yahui Zhu, Guozhen Shang, Chu Hou, Jianghui BianAbstract:Our objective was to provide baseline information on the gastrointestinal parasites of the female Tibetan Antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) on its calving ground at the Zhuonai Lake region, in the Hoh Xil Nature World Heritage site, Qinghai, China. On 3 July 2018, 238 freshly deposited fecal samples were collected from the calving grounds and analyzed by flotation technique to recover eggs, oocysts, and nematode larvae. All fecal samples demonstrated the presence of gastrointestinal parasites: 93% (221/238) had nematodes, 36% (86/238) had cestodes, and 99% (235/238) had coccidian oocysts. For each Tibetan Antelope, mean (SD) parasite species richness was 3.4 (1.3). Coinfections with five parasite genera were found in 19% (45/238) of fecal samples. These results showed that prevalence of Trichostrongylus, Marshallagia, and Eimeria infections in these Tibetan Antelopes were sufficiently high to suggest long-term monitoring be implemented because the climate there is becoming warmer and moisture is increasing, both presumably due to the influence of global warming which, in turn, may be contributing to increased infection risks with these parasites.
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Group size effects on foraging and vigilance in migratory Tibetan Antelope
Behavioural processes, 2007Co-Authors: Xinming Lian, Tongzuo Zhang, Yifan Cao, Simon J. ThirgoodAbstract:Large group sizes have been hypothesized to decrease predation risk and increase food competition. We investigated group size effects on vigilance and foraging behaviour during the migratory period in female Tibetan Antelope Pantholops hodgsoni, in the Kekexili Nature Reserve of Qinghai Province, China. During June to August, adult female Antelope and yearling females gather in large migratory groups and cross the Qinghai-Tibet highway to calving grounds within the Nature Reserve and return to Qumalai county after calving. Large groups of Antelope aggregate in the migratory corridor where they compete for limited food resources and attract the attention of mammalian and avian predators and scavengers. We restricted our sampling to groups of less than 30 Antelopes and thus limit our inference accordingly. Focal-animal sampling was used to record the behaviour of the free-ranging Antelope except for those with lambs. Tibetan Antelope spent more time foraging in larger groups but frequency of foraging bouts was not affected by group size. Conversely, the time spent vigilant and frequency of vigilance bouts decreased with increased group size. We suggest that these results are best explained by competition for food and risk of predation. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Marcus Clauss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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solute and particle retention in a small grazing Antelope the blackbuck antilope cervicapra
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2015Co-Authors: Jurgen Hummel, Sven Hammer, C Hammer, Julia Ruf, Monique Lechenne, Marcus ClaussAbstract:Digesta retention patterns have been suggested to play a major role in ruminant diversification. Two major digestion types have been proposed, termed 'cattle-type' and 'moose-type', that broadly correspond to the feeding categories of grazers and intermediate feeders on the one, and browsers on the other hand. We measured and calculated the mean retention time (MRT) of a solute and a particle (>2mm) marker in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the reticulorumen (RR) of a small grazer, the Indian blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra, n=5, body mass of 26±4kg) and an intermediate feeder, the nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus, n=5, body mass of 168±21kg). MRTsolute and MRTparticle were 29±4.1h and 60±6.6h in blackbuck and 28±2.5h and 54±8.9h in the nilgai for the GIT, and 14±1.7h, 45±5.0h, 19±2.0h and 45±8.4h for the RR, respectively. With a selectivity factor (SF, the ratio of MRTparticle to MRTsolute) in the RR of 3.2±0.28 for blackbuck and 2.3±0.36 for nilgai, both species are clearly in the category of 'cattle-type' ruminants. In particular, the high SFRR of blackbuck, in spite of its small body size, is remarkable, and leads to specific predictions on the RR anatomy of this species (such as a particularly large omasum), which can be tested in further studies. The adaptive value of a high SFRR is mainly considered as an increase in microbial productivity in the RR; exemplary estimations based on the measured passage rates of solutes indicate an 8% higher production of microbial mass in blackbuck compared to nilgai.
Veblen, Kari E. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Soil and Vegetation Survey of Antelope Pasture, Curlew Grazing Allotment, Oneida County, ID
Hosted by Utah State University Libraries, 2020Co-Authors: Veblen, Kari E.Abstract:Antelope Pasture, located in the Black Pine Valley of Oneida County, Idaho, is a 1500-acre portion of the Curlew Grazing Allotment, managed by the Pocatello Field Office of the BLM. The pasture is heavily invaded with exotic annuals and grazing is temporarily discontinued. The Pocatello BLM Office partnered with Utah State University in 2017 to provide detailed soil and vegetation maps of Antelope Pasture, and determine plant-soil relationships. A survey of the soil and vegetation of Antelope Pasture was conducted in the summer of 2017. Vegetation sampling took place in May and early June, and soil sampling in June and July. We found a total of 42 plant species at Antelope Pasture, 26 of which are native to the region. However, species of the highest cover and frequency were introduced annuals such as Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass), Lepidium perfoliatum (clasping pepperweed), Descurainia pinnata (flixweed) and Ranunculus testiculatus (burr buttercup), as well as the seeded perennial Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass). The soils of Antelope pasture are primarily characterized by translocated accumulations of calcium carbonate and exchangeable sodium in the subsurface horizons, and the primary difference among pedons was the presence or absence of natric horizons. The majority of soils were classified into the Xeric Natrargids subgroup and were similar in morphology to the Mellor soil series. We concluded that the strongest driving factor in relationships between pasture soils and vegetation identified through analyses was the presence or absence of a biological soil crust or moss cover. Because so few relationships were found between vegetation and soil variables, other factors, such as disturbance history, are more likely to be the central cause of variation in vegetation across the pasture
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Data from: Soil and Vegetation Survey of Antelope Pasture, Curlew Grazing Allotment, Oneida County, ID
Hosted by Utah State University Libraries, 2020Co-Authors: Veblen, Kari E.Abstract:Antelope Pasture, located in the Black Pine Valley of Oneida County, Idaho, is a 1500-acre portion of the Curlew Grazing Allotment, managed by the Pocatello Field Office of the BLM. The pasture is heavily invaded with exotic annuals and grazing is temporarily discontinued. The Pocatello BLM Office partnered with Utah State University in 2017 to provide detailed soil and vegetation maps of Antelope Pasture, and determine plant-soil relationships. A survey of the soil and vegetation of Antelope Pasture was conducted in the summer of 2017. Vegetation sampling took place in May and early June, and soil sampling in June and July. We found a total of 42 plant species at Antelope Pasture, 26 of which are native to the region. However, species of the highest cover and frequency were introduced annuals such as Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass), Lepidium perfoliatum (clasping pepperweed), Descurainia pinnata (flixweed) and Ranunculus testiculatus (burr buttercup), as well as the seeded perennial Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass). The soils of Antelope pasture are primarily characterized by translocated accumulations of calcium carbonate and exchangeable sodium in the subsurface horizons, and the primary difference among pedons was the presence or absence of natric horizons. The majority of soils were classified into the Xeric Natrargids subgroup and were similar in morphology to the Mellor soil series. We concluded that the strongest driving factor in relationships between pasture soils and vegetation identified through analyses was the presence or absence of a biological soil crust or moss cover. Because so few relationships were found between vegetation and soil variables, other factors, such as disturbance history, are more likely to be the central cause of variation in vegetation across the pasture
Jurgen Hummel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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solute and particle retention in a small grazing Antelope the blackbuck antilope cervicapra
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2015Co-Authors: Jurgen Hummel, Sven Hammer, C Hammer, Julia Ruf, Monique Lechenne, Marcus ClaussAbstract:Digesta retention patterns have been suggested to play a major role in ruminant diversification. Two major digestion types have been proposed, termed 'cattle-type' and 'moose-type', that broadly correspond to the feeding categories of grazers and intermediate feeders on the one, and browsers on the other hand. We measured and calculated the mean retention time (MRT) of a solute and a particle (>2mm) marker in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the reticulorumen (RR) of a small grazer, the Indian blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra, n=5, body mass of 26±4kg) and an intermediate feeder, the nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus, n=5, body mass of 168±21kg). MRTsolute and MRTparticle were 29±4.1h and 60±6.6h in blackbuck and 28±2.5h and 54±8.9h in the nilgai for the GIT, and 14±1.7h, 45±5.0h, 19±2.0h and 45±8.4h for the RR, respectively. With a selectivity factor (SF, the ratio of MRTparticle to MRTsolute) in the RR of 3.2±0.28 for blackbuck and 2.3±0.36 for nilgai, both species are clearly in the category of 'cattle-type' ruminants. In particular, the high SFRR of blackbuck, in spite of its small body size, is remarkable, and leads to specific predictions on the RR anatomy of this species (such as a particularly large omasum), which can be tested in further studies. The adaptive value of a high SFRR is mainly considered as an increase in microbial productivity in the RR; exemplary estimations based on the measured passage rates of solutes indicate an 8% higher production of microbial mass in blackbuck compared to nilgai.
Jing Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characterization and Identification of a Novel Torovirus Associated With Recombinant Bovine Torovirus From Tibetan Antelope in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China
'Frontiers Media SA', 2021Co-Authors: Jing Yang, Xiaoyi Dai, Guobao Shang, Wentao ZhuAbstract:Toroviruses (ToVs) are enteric pathogens and comprise three species, equine torovirus (EToV), bovine torovirus (BToV), and porcine torovirus (PToV). In this study, a novel torovirus (Antelope torovirus, AToV) was discovered from fecal samples of Tibetan Antelopes (Pantholops hodgsonii) with viral loads of 2.10×109 to 1.76×1010 copies/g. The genome of AToV is 28,438 nucleotides (nt) in length encoding six open reading frames (ORFs) with 11 conserved domains in pp1ab and a putative slippery sequence (14171UUUAAAC14177) in the overlapping region of ORF1a and ORF1b. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated strains of AToV form a unique clade within ToVs and comparative analysis showed AToV share relatively low sequence identity with other ToVs in six ORFs (68.2–91.6% nucleotide identity). These data suggested that AToV represents a novel and distinct species of ToVs. Based on the M genes, evolutionary analysis with BEAST of AToV and other ToVs led to a most recent common ancestor estimate of 366years ago. Remarkably, recombination analysis revealed AToV was the unknown parental ToV that once involving in the recombinant events of HE genes of two Dutch strains of BToV (B150 and B155), which indicated that AToV occurred cross-species transmission and existed both in the Netherlands and China. This study revealed a novel torovirus, a natural reservoir host (Tibetan Antelope) of toroviruses for the first time, and appealed to further related studies to better understand the diversity of toroviruses
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Data_Sheet_3_Precise Fecal Microbiome of the Herbivorous Tibetan Antelope Inhabiting High-Altitude Alpine Plateau.XLSX
2018Co-Authors: Xiangning Bai, Jing Yang, Dong Jin, Sara Díaz Moyá, Yanwen Xiong, Ramon Rossello-moraAbstract:The metataxonomic approach combining 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using the PacBio Technology with the application of the operational phylogenetic unit (OPU) approach, has been used to analyze the fecal microbial composition of the high-altitude and herbivorous Tibetan Antelopes. The fecal samples of the Antelope were collected in Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve, at an altitude over 4500 m, the largest depopulated zone in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, where non-native animals or humans may experience life-threatening acute mountain sickness. In total, 104 Antelope fecal samples were enrolled in this study, and were clustered into 61,258 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at an identity of 98.7% and affiliated with 757 OPUs, including 144 known species, 256 potentially new species, 103 potentially higher taxa within known lineages. In addition, 254 comprised sequences not affiliating with any known family, and the closest relatives were unclassified lineages of existing orders or classes. A total of 42 out of 757 OPUs conformed to the core fecal microbiome, of which four major lineages, namely, un-cultured Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Akkermansia, and Christensenellaceae were associated with human health or longevity. The current study reveals that the fecal core microbiome of Antelope is mainly composited of uncultured bacteria. The most abundant core taxa, namely, uncultured Ruminococcaceae, uncultured Akkermansia, uncultured Bacteroides, uncultured Christensenellaceae, uncultured Mollicutes, and uncultured Lachnospiraceae, may represent new bacterial candidates at high taxa levels, and several may have beneficial roles in health promotion or anti-intestinal dysbiosis. These organisms should be further isolated and evaluated for potential effect on human health and longevity.
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Precise Fecal Microbiome of the Herbivorous Tibetan Antelope Inhabiting High-Altitude Alpine Plateau
Frontiers Media S.A., 2018Co-Authors: Xiangning Bai, Jing Yang, Dong Jin, Sara Díaz Moyá, Yanwen Xiong, Ramon Rossello-moraAbstract:The metataxonomic approach combining 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using the PacBio Technology with the application of the operational phylogenetic unit (OPU) approach, has been used to analyze the fecal microbial composition of the high-altitude and herbivorous Tibetan Antelopes. The fecal samples of the Antelope were collected in Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve, at an altitude over 4500 m, the largest depopulated zone in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, where non-native animals or humans may experience life-threatening acute mountain sickness. In total, 104 Antelope fecal samples were enrolled in this study, and were clustered into 61,258 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at an identity of 98.7% and affiliated with 757 OPUs, including 144 known species, 256 potentially new species, 103 potentially higher taxa within known lineages. In addition, 254 comprised sequences not affiliating with any known family, and the closest relatives were unclassified lineages of existing orders or classes. A total of 42 out of 757 OPUs conformed to the core fecal microbiome, of which four major lineages, namely, un-cultured Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Akkermansia, and Christensenellaceae were associated with human health or longevity. The current study reveals that the fecal core microbiome of Antelope is mainly composited of uncultured bacteria. The most abundant core taxa, namely, uncultured Ruminococcaceae, uncultured Akkermansia, uncultured Bacteroides, uncultured Christensenellaceae, uncultured Mollicutes, and uncultured Lachnospiraceae, may represent new bacterial candidates at high taxa levels, and several may have beneficial roles in health promotion or anti-intestinal dysbiosis. These organisms should be further isolated and evaluated for potential effect on human health and longevity
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Data_Sheet_1_Precise Fecal Microbiome of the Herbivorous Tibetan Antelope Inhabiting High-Altitude Alpine Plateau.PDF
2018Co-Authors: Xiangning Bai, Jing Yang, Dong Jin, Sara Díaz Moyá, Yanwen Xiong, Ramon Rossello-moraAbstract:The metataxonomic approach combining 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using the PacBio Technology with the application of the operational phylogenetic unit (OPU) approach, has been used to analyze the fecal microbial composition of the high-altitude and herbivorous Tibetan Antelopes. The fecal samples of the Antelope were collected in Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve, at an altitude over 4500 m, the largest depopulated zone in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, where non-native animals or humans may experience life-threatening acute mountain sickness. In total, 104 Antelope fecal samples were enrolled in this study, and were clustered into 61,258 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at an identity of 98.7% and affiliated with 757 OPUs, including 144 known species, 256 potentially new species, 103 potentially higher taxa within known lineages. In addition, 254 comprised sequences not affiliating with any known family, and the closest relatives were unclassified lineages of existing orders or classes. A total of 42 out of 757 OPUs conformed to the core fecal microbiome, of which four major lineages, namely, un-cultured Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Akkermansia, and Christensenellaceae were associated with human health or longevity. The current study reveals that the fecal core microbiome of Antelope is mainly composited of uncultured bacteria. The most abundant core taxa, namely, uncultured Ruminococcaceae, uncultured Akkermansia, uncultured Bacteroides, uncultured Christensenellaceae, uncultured Mollicutes, and uncultured Lachnospiraceae, may represent new bacterial candidates at high taxa levels, and several may have beneficial roles in health promotion or anti-intestinal dysbiosis. These organisms should be further isolated and evaluated for potential effect on human health and longevity.