Torovirus

14,000,000 Leading Edge Experts on the ideXlab platform

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

The Experts below are selected from a list of 510 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Jim E. Horne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Pignatelli Garrigos Jaime - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Proteínas N, M y HE de Torovirus porcino, procedimiento de obtención y sus aplicaciones en diagnóstico y tratamiento de Torovirus porcino
    2007
    Co-Authors: Rodríguez Aguirre Dolores, Pignatelli Garrigos Jaime
    Abstract:

    Proteínas N, M y HE de Torovirus porcino, procedimiento de obtención y sus aplicaciones en diagnóstico y tratamiento de Torovirus porcino. La presente invención describe la capacidad inmunogénica de las proteínas N, M y HE de Torovirus porcino, y el empleo de las mismas para el desarrollo de procedimientos de diagnóstico inmunológico de Torovirus porcino así como para la elaboración de anticuerpos específicos. Por otro lado, estas proteínas pueden utilizarse para la elaboración de vacunas dirigidas a la prevención de esta enfermedad en cerdos.Peer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)B1 Patente sin examen previ

  • Proteínas N, M y HE de Torovirus porcino, procedimiento de obtención y sus aplicaciones en diagnóstico y tratamiento de Torovirus porcino
    2007
    Co-Authors: Rodríguez Aguirre Dolores, Pignatelli Garrigos Jaime
    Abstract:

    Fecha de solicitud: 24.05.2010.- Titular: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC).Proteínas N, M y HE de Torovirus porcino, procedimiento de obtención y sus aplicaciones en diagnóstico y tratamiento de Torovirus porcino. La presente invención describe la capacidad inmunogénica de las proteínas N, M y HE de Torovirus porcino, y el empleo de las mismas para el desarrollo de procedimientos de diagnóstico inmunológico de Torovirus porcino así como para la elaboración de anticuerpos específicos. Por otro lado, estas proteínas pueden utilizarse para la elaboración de vacunas dirigidas a la prevención de esta enfermedad en cerdos.Peer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)A1 Solicitud de patentes con informe sobre el estado de la técnic

  • Proteínas N, M y HE de Torovirus porcino, procedimiento de obtención y sus aplicaciones en diagnóstico y tratamiento de Torovirus porcino
    2007
    Co-Authors: Rodríguez Aguirre Dolores, Pignatelli Garrigos Jaime
    Abstract:

    Fecha de solicitud: 23-10-2007.- Titular: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)[EN] The present invention describes the immunogenic capacity of the porcine Torovirus proteins N, M and HE, and the use thereof for development of methods for immunological diagnosis of porcine Torovirus and also for preparation of specific antibodies. In addition, these proteins can be used for preparation of vaccines for the prevention of this disease in pigs.[ES] La presente invención describe la capacidad inmunogénica de las proteínas porcinas N, M y ÉL, y el uso del Torovirus de eso para el desarrollo de los métodos para el diagnóstico inmunológico del Torovirus porcino y también para la preparación de anticuerpos específicos. Además, el bote de estas proteínas sea utilizado para la preparación de las vacunas para la prevención de esta enfermedad en cerdos.Peer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)A1 Solicitud de patentes con informe sobre el estado de la técnic

Marion Koopmans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • norovirus infection in harbor porpoises
    Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2017
    Co-Authors: Miranda De Graaf, Sarah Getu, Georgina I Aron, Judith M A Van Den Brand, Rogier Bodewes, Marco W.g. Van De Bildt, Thijs Kuiken, Georges M G M Verjans, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus, Marion Koopmans
    Abstract:

    A norovirus was detected in harbor porpoises, a previously unknown host for norovirus. This norovirus had low similarity to any known norovirus. Viral RNA was detected primarily in intestinal tissue, and specific serum antibodies were detected in 8 (24%) of 34 harbor porpoises from the North Sea.

  • Human norovirus transmission and evolution in a changing world
    Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Miranda De Graaf, Janko Van Beek, Marion Koopmans
    Abstract:

    Norovirus infections are a major cause of gastroenteritis, and outbreaks occur frequently. Several factors are currently increasing the challenge posed by norovirus infections to global health, notably the increasing number of infections in immunocompromised individuals, who are more susceptible to disease, and the globalization of the food industry, which enables large norovirus outbreaks to occur on an international scale. Furthermore, the rapid rate of the genetic and antigenic evolution of circulating noroviruses complicates the development of vaccines and therapies that are required to counter these challenges. In this Review, we describe recent advances in the study of the transmission, pathogenesis and evolution of human noroviruses, and consider the ongoing risk of norovirus outbreaks, together with the future prospects for therapeutics, in a rapidly changing world. Norovirus infections pose a substantial risk to human health worldwide. Modes of viral transmission, the severity of illness and evolutionary pressures all contribute to this risk and can vary between viral genotypes. Many details about the transmission of noroviruses remain unknown, especially regarding the origin of newly emerging strains. The recent emergence of genotype GII.P17-GII.17 noroviruses in Asia should serve as a warning that future risks from norovirus outbreaks might arise from genotypes other than those currently targeted by vaccine development. Bacteria in the host microbiota might influence human norovirus infections by providing HBGA-like sugars for norovirus attachment and by modulating host immunity. B cells support norovirus replication in the presence of bacteria that express histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-like sugars. A recently described cell culture system for the study of noroviruses in B cells will hopefully advance our understanding of many aspects of human noroviruses, ranging from the molecular characterization of their life cycle to the development of improved vaccines. In the modern world, several factors have increased the global health challenge posed by noroviruses. In this Review, Koopmans and colleagues describe advances in the study of norovirus transmission, pathogenesis and evolution, and consider future prospects for therapeutics.

  • Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Relationships among Torovirus Field Variants: Evidence for Multiple Intertypic Recombination Events
    Journal of Virology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Saskia L. Smits, Marion Koopmans, Antonio Lavazza, K. Matiz, Marian C. Horzinek, R. J. De Groot
    Abstract:

    Toroviruses (family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales) are enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that have been implicated in enteric disease in cattle and possibly in humans. Despite their potential veterinary and clinical relevance, little is known about Torovirus epidemiology and molecular genetics. Here, we present the first study into the diversity among Toroviruses currently present in European swine and cattle herds. Comparative sequence analysis was performed focusing on the genes for the structural proteins S, M, HE, and N, with fecal specimens serving as sources of viral RNA. Sequence data published for animal and human Torovirus variants were included. Four genotypes, displaying 30 to 40% divergence, were readily distinguished, exemplified by bovine Torovirus (BToV) Breda, porcine Torovirus (PToV) Markelo, equine Torovirus Berne, and the putative human Torovirus. The ungulate Toroviruses apparently display host species preference. In phylogenetic analyses, all PToV variants clustered, while the recent European BToVs mostly resembled the New World BToV variant Breda, identified 19 years ago. However, we found ample evidence for recurring intertypic recombination. All newly characterized BToV variants seem to have arisen from a genetic exchange, during which the 3' end of the HE gene, the N gene, and the 3' nontranslated region of a Breda virus-like parent had been swapped for those of PToV. Moreover, some PToV and BToV variants carried chimeric HE genes, which apparently resulted from recombination events involving hitherto unknown Toroviruses. From these observations, the existence of two additional Torovirus genotypes can be inferred. Toroviruses may be even more promiscuous than their closest relatives, the coronaviruses and arteriviruses.

  • Toroviruses of animals and humans: a review
    Advances in Virus Research, 1994
    Co-Authors: Marion Koopmans, Marian C. Horzinek
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary Toroviruses are a group of enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses that cause enteric, respiratory, and perhaps generalized infections in animals and humans. Their name refers to their unique morphological features: an elongated bacilliform core with two rounded ends is surrounded by a membrane that may either tightly adhere to or “shrink-wrap” it, without respecting the capsid's rod shape; in the first instance, straight or curved rhabdovirus-like particles are formed, whereas in the latter a biconcave disk results. Torovirus history is brief: the first representative, Berne virus (BEV), was isolated in Berne, Switzerland, in 1972 from a rectal swab taken from a horse with diarrhea 1 week before it died. BEV is the only equine Torovirus isolate that replicates in cell culture; since most molecular data have been obtained with this isolate, BEV has been acknowledged as the Torovirus prototype. Recognition of Toroviruses as a new group of potentially pathogenic viruses came seven years after the discovery of BEV, when morphologically similar particles were discovered by electron microscopy (EM) in stool specimens from calves with severe diarrhea in a dairy herd in Breda, Iowa. Despite repeated attempts, BRV has not been adapted to the growth in cell or tissue culture, a problem which has hampered its biochemical, bio-physical, and molecular characterization. However, its pathogenesis and pathology have been studied in the experimentally infected gnotobiotic calves, showing that BRV infections may cause gastroenteritis. Recently, Vanopdenbosch et al. reported the isolation of a Torovirus-like virus from the respiratory tract of calves with pneumonia, suggesting that both enterotropic and pneumotropic bovine Toroviruses exist. Besides the established Toroviruses of horses and cattle, Torovirus-like particles (TVLPs) have been found by EM in different animal species; Torovirus antibodies appear to be widespread in higher vertebrates, indicating that these viruses infect a broad range of animal hosts. The possibility of a Torovirus infecting humans was first reported in 1984 and has become more likely in view of the recent data. This chapter is intended to update the information about Toroviruses, and to describe the similarities and differences with the related coronaviruses.

  • enzyme linked immunosorbent assayreactivity of Torovirus like particles infecalspecimens fromhumanswithdiarrhea
    1993
    Co-Authors: Marion Koopmans, Martin Petric
    Abstract:

    Toroviruses arerecognized enteric pathogens ofcattle andhorses; inhumans, similar pleomorphic particles havebeendescribed, butdoubt hasbeenraised concerning their identity asviruses. We screened fecal samples fromhumanswithdiarrhea forthepresence ofTorovirus-like particles (TVLPs) byelectron microscopy and subsequently usedanenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) withbovine Torovirus reference reagents to test forthepresence ofTorovirus antigens. Toaddanother selection criterion tothis heterologous ELISA, we enriched theTVLPsfromthestool specimens byusing sucrose density gradients before testing. Theresults of ELISAandEM correlated significantly, theELISAhaving asensitivity of68%andaspecificity of86% (chi-square, P <0.0001). Inthegradient, peaks ofELISAreactivity werefound atabuoyant density of1.16 g/ml andwereparallel tothose foundwhenusing bovine Torovirus. Furthermore, in50%ooftheELISA-positive gradients, ahemagglutinin forhumangroup0erythrocytes comigrated withthepeaks ofELISAreactivity. We wereunable toisolate humanTVLPsinhumancolonic tumororrectal tumorcells. We cloned andsequenced amplification products obtained bylow-stringency polymerase chain reaction amplification using consensus primers mapping tothe3'endofthegenomeofanimal Toroviruses, butfound nosignificant homologies with animal Torovirus sequences. Rabbits wereinoculated withmaterial fromthegradient peakfractions ofhuman stool specimens, andtheir serawereassayed forimmunologic comparison withbovine Torovirus asareference. A two-way antigenic cross-reactivity wasseenbetween humanTVLPandbovine Torovirus reagents whentested byELISA.Therabbit antisera tohumanTVLPdetected ahigher numberofelectron microscopy-positive stool specimens thandidtherabbit antisera tobovine Torovirus. Theapplication ofthese assays andreagents should helptoelucidate theroles ofTVLPsandToroviruses indiarrheal disease inhumans.

Rodríguez Aguirre Dolores - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Proteínas N, M y HE de Torovirus porcino, procedimiento de obtención y sus aplicaciones en diagnóstico y tratamiento de Torovirus porcino
    2007
    Co-Authors: Rodríguez Aguirre Dolores, Pignatelli Garrigos Jaime
    Abstract:

    Proteínas N, M y HE de Torovirus porcino, procedimiento de obtención y sus aplicaciones en diagnóstico y tratamiento de Torovirus porcino. La presente invención describe la capacidad inmunogénica de las proteínas N, M y HE de Torovirus porcino, y el empleo de las mismas para el desarrollo de procedimientos de diagnóstico inmunológico de Torovirus porcino así como para la elaboración de anticuerpos específicos. Por otro lado, estas proteínas pueden utilizarse para la elaboración de vacunas dirigidas a la prevención de esta enfermedad en cerdos.Peer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)B1 Patente sin examen previ

  • Proteínas N, M y HE de Torovirus porcino, procedimiento de obtención y sus aplicaciones en diagnóstico y tratamiento de Torovirus porcino
    2007
    Co-Authors: Rodríguez Aguirre Dolores, Pignatelli Garrigos Jaime
    Abstract:

    Fecha de solicitud: 24.05.2010.- Titular: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC).Proteínas N, M y HE de Torovirus porcino, procedimiento de obtención y sus aplicaciones en diagnóstico y tratamiento de Torovirus porcino. La presente invención describe la capacidad inmunogénica de las proteínas N, M y HE de Torovirus porcino, y el empleo de las mismas para el desarrollo de procedimientos de diagnóstico inmunológico de Torovirus porcino así como para la elaboración de anticuerpos específicos. Por otro lado, estas proteínas pueden utilizarse para la elaboración de vacunas dirigidas a la prevención de esta enfermedad en cerdos.Peer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)A1 Solicitud de patentes con informe sobre el estado de la técnic

  • Proteínas N, M y HE de Torovirus porcino, procedimiento de obtención y sus aplicaciones en diagnóstico y tratamiento de Torovirus porcino
    2007
    Co-Authors: Rodríguez Aguirre Dolores, Pignatelli Garrigos Jaime
    Abstract:

    Fecha de solicitud: 23-10-2007.- Titular: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)[EN] The present invention describes the immunogenic capacity of the porcine Torovirus proteins N, M and HE, and the use thereof for development of methods for immunological diagnosis of porcine Torovirus and also for preparation of specific antibodies. In addition, these proteins can be used for preparation of vaccines for the prevention of this disease in pigs.[ES] La presente invención describe la capacidad inmunogénica de las proteínas porcinas N, M y ÉL, y el uso del Torovirus de eso para el desarrollo de los métodos para el diagnóstico inmunológico del Torovirus porcino y también para la preparación de anticuerpos específicos. Además, el bote de estas proteínas sea utilizado para la preparación de las vacunas para la prevención de esta enfermedad en cerdos.Peer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)A1 Solicitud de patentes con informe sobre el estado de la técnic

Martin Petric - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • human Torovirus a new virus associated with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
    Acta Paediatrica, 2005
    Co-Authors: Abhay Lodha, Martin Petric, Nicole De Silva, Aideen M Moore
    Abstract:

    Aim: Toroviruses have been associated with gastroenteritis in both animals and humans. The aim of this study was to examine the fecal excretion of Torovirus in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Methods: We reviewed all infants with NEC admitted to our tertiary care NICU over a 5-y period who had stool specimens sent for microbial culture and virology. Infants in the NICU during the same period with diagnoses other than NEC served as controls. Results: Forty-four infants with NEC stages I–III were identified, and pathogenic organisms were identified in 27 (61%). Toroviruses were identified in stool cultures in 48% of patients with NEC, and 17% of the non-NEC controls (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in illness severity or mortality between the Torovirus-positive and -negative infants with NEC. Conclusion: Torovirus should be added to the list of infectious agents associated with NEC in newborn infants. The exact role Torovirus plays in the etiology and progression of NEC warrants further investigation.

  • The novel hemagglutinin-esterase genes of human Torovirus and Breda virus.
    Virus Research, 1999
    Co-Authors: Lynn Duckmanton, Raymond Tellier, Christopher D. Richardson, Martin Petric
    Abstract:

    Abstract Human Torovirus (HTV) and Breda virus (BRV), members of the genus Torovirus in the family Coronaviridae, are established infectious agents of humans and cattle, respectively. The hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) gene of Breda virus serotype 2 (BRV-2) has been identified and the nucleotide sequence for BRV serotype 1 (BRV-1) genome which contains the open reading frames for the viral structural proteins has been reported revealing the presence of a 1.25 kb gene whose nucleotide sequence is identical to that of the BRV-2 HE gene. In this study, we amplified the 1.2kb HE gene from the HTV genome using long RT-PCR and sequenced the amplicon directly. At the nucleotide level, the HTV HE gene manifests 85% sequence identity to the HE genes of BRV-1 and BRV-2 and 89% identity with the X pseudogene sequence of BEV. The 1.25 kb amplicons which contained the HE genes of BRV-1 and HTV were cloned and expressed in a baculovirus system and the proteins purified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Hyperimmune sera prepared in guinea pigs against these proteins were reactive with both bovine Torovirus (BTV) and human Torovirus (HTV) antigens. By immunoblot, they reacted specifically with a 65 kDa protein corresponding in size to the Torovirus HE protein. Furthermore, the hyperimmune sera but not the preimmune sera reacted with a series of BTV-positive and HTV-positive fecal specimens by immunoblot and dot blot analysis. By immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) Torovirus particles from BTV-positive specimens from calves with diarrhea and HTV-positive specimens from patients were aggregated by the hyperimmune sera. Human convalescent sera and gnotobiotic calf post-infection sera reacted by immunoblot with the expressed 65 kDa protein. The expressed HE protein of HTV has important diagnostic potential.

  • human Torovirus a new nosocomial gastrointestinal pathogen
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1998
    Co-Authors: Frances Jamieson, Elaine E L Wang, Cindy Bain, Jennifer Good, Lynn Duckmanton, Martin Petric
    Abstract:

    Studies were undertaken to determine if human Torovirus is associated with gastroenteritis and to examine the clinical features of Torovirus illness in children. The fecal excretion of Torovirus in patients with gastroenteritis was compared with that in matched asymptomatic controls in a case-control study. Toroviruses were identified in 72 (35.0%) of 206 gastroenteritis cases compared with 30 (14.5%) of 206 controls (P<.001). Clinical features of Torovirus gastroenteritis in 172 patients positive for Torovirus were compared with those of 115 patients infected with rotavirus or astrovirus. Persons infected with Torovirus were more frequently immunocompromised (43.0% vs. 15.7%) and nosocomially infected (57.6% vs. 31.3%). They also experienced less vomiting (46.4% vs. 66.7%) but had more bloody diarrhea (11.2% vs. 1.8%). An antibody response to Torovirus developed mainly in older, nonimmunocompromised children (P<.01). These studies demonstrate an association between Torovirus excretion and gastroenteritis in the pediatric population among immunocompromised hospitalized patients and in previously healthy patients.

  • Hum. Torovirus: a new nosocomial gastrointestinal pathogen
    1998
    Co-Authors: Frances B. Jamieson, Elaine E L Wang, Cindy Bain, Jennifer Good, Lynn Duckmanton, Martin Petric
    Abstract:

    Studies were undertaken to determine if human Torovirus is associated with gastroenteritis and to examine the clinical features of Torovirus illness in children. The fecal excretion of Torovirus in patients with gastroenteritis was compared with that in matched asymptomatic controls in a case-control study. Toroviruses were identified in 72 (35.0%) of 206 gastroenteritis cases compared with 30 (14.5%) of 206 controls (). Clinical features of Torovirus gas-P!.001 troenteritis in 172 patients positive for Torovirus were compared with those of 115 patients infected with rotavirus or astrovirus. Persons infected with Torovirus were more frequently immunocompromised (43.0 % vs. 15.7%) and nosocomially infected (57.6 % vs. 31.3%). They also experienced less vomiting (46.4 % vs. 66.7%) but had more bloody diarrhea (11.2 % vs. 1.8%). An antibody response to Torovirus developed mainly in older, nonimmunocompromised children (). These studies demonstrate an association between Torovirus excretion andP!.01 gastroenteritis in the pediatric population among immunocompromised hospitalized patients and in previously healthy patients. Acute viral gastroenteritis in family studies was second in prevalence only to the common cold and accounted for 16

  • Human Torovirus: a new nosocomial gastrointestinal pathogen
    1998
    Co-Authors: Frances B. Jamieson, Elaine E L Wang, Cindy Bain, Jennifer Good, Lynn Duckmanton, Martin Petric
    Abstract:

    Studies were undertaken to determine if human Torovirus is associated with gastroenteritis and to examine the clinical features of Torovirus illness in children. The fecal excretion of Torovirus in patients with gastroenteritis was compared with that in matched asymptomatic controls in a case-control study. Toroviruses were identified in 72 (35.0%) of 206 gastroenteritis cases compared with 30 (14.5%) of 206 controls (). Clinical features of Torovirus gas-P!.001 troenteritis in 172 patients positive for Torovirus were compared with those of 115 patients infected with rotavirus or astrovirus. Persons infected with Torovirus were more frequently immunocompromised (43.0 % vs. 15.7%) and nosocomially infected (57.6 % vs. 31.3%). They also experienced less vomiting (46.4 % vs. 66.7%) but had more bloody diarrhea (11.2 % vs. 1.8%). An antibody response to Torovirus developed mainly in older, nonimmunocompromised children (). These studies demonstrate an association between Torovirus excretion andP!.01 gastroenteritis in the pediatric population among immunocompromised hospitalized patients and in previously healthy patients. Acute viral gastroenteritis in family studies was second in prevalence only to the common cold and accounted for 16

Related terms

Torovirus - 15 days free trial to Access Experts & Abstracts