The Experts below are selected from a list of 33591 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Arturo Escobar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sustainability design for the pluriverse
Development, 2011Co-Authors: Arturo EscobarAbstract:Arturo Escobar is a Kenan Distinguished Professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and associate editor of Development. His research interests are related to political ecology; the Anthropology of Development, social movements; Latin American Development and politics. Escobar′s research uses critical techniques in his provocative analysis of Development discourse and practice in general. He also explores possibilities for alternative visions for a post-Development era. He is a major figure in the post-Development academic discourse, and a serious critic of Development practices championed by western industrialized societies.
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the Anthropology of Development discourse agency and culture an anthropological critique of Development the growth of ignorance encountering Development the making and unmaking of the third world
Anthropological Quarterly, 1996Co-Authors: David D Gow, Mark Hobart, Arturo EscobarAbstract:L'etude anthropologique sur le developpement a produit deux courants : l'anthropologie developpementale et l'anthropologie du developpement. la seconde semble etre plus appropriee pour parvenir a une reelle reussite. La presentation de deux ouvrages, celui de M. Hobart « An Anthropological Critique of Development » et celui d'A. Escobar « Encountering Development: the Making and Unmaking of the Third World », montre l'importance de leurs implications pour les theoriciens et les praticiens du developpement. Ils soulignent l'importance d'etudier et de comprendre le discours sur le developpement pratique par les institutions du developpement et leurs representants. L'analyse du discours n'est qu'une partie de l'equation : un effort doit etre sur l'etude de ce qui se passe effectivement dans le developpement. Les etudes de developpement doivent aller au dela de l'economique, du social et du politique pour s'interesser vers le culturel
Valery Ridde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the problem of the worst off is dealt with after all other issues the equity and health policy implementation gap in burkina faso
Social Science & Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Valery RiddeAbstract:In West Africa, the famous "implementation gap" concept applies to health policies. During the implementation of the Bamako Initiative (BI), the actors were drawn to policies solely for their orientation towards efficiency, thereby neglecting the equity aspects. This paper aims to present an in-depth understanding of this situation, developed through a case study and socio-anthropological fieldwork. The study is informed by a policy framework of analysis that integrates streams theory and the Anthropology of Development. Multiple sources of data were used: concept mapping (2), in-depth interviews (24), informal interviews (60), focus groups (4), document analysis, and field observation (7 months). The results indicate that the equity aspect of health policies was omitted during training on the use of proceedings from drug sales and user fees; donor agencies and NGOs were more preoccupied with efficiency than equity; the peripheral actors were not driven to ensure that indigents had free access to health care; society was not concerned with the sub-groups of the population; centralized decisions were taken without consultation, remained vague, and were not followed-up; and the concept of equity was perceived differently from those who devised policies. I offer a threefold explanation of why equity was neglected. First, the "windows of opportunity" for achieving equity goals were not seized, at least at the point that led to real change. Second, the policy entrepreneurs did not take on the task of coupling the problem streams with the solutions streams, which is necessary for a successful implementation. Third, the situation of the indigents did not exhibit the necessary characteristics for them to be considered a public problem. For scientific and social reasons it is urgent that we find a solution to halt the exclusion to health care among the poorest groups.
David Mosse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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is good policy unimplementable reflections on the ethnography of aid policy and practice
Development and Change, 2004Co-Authors: David MosseAbstract:Despite the enormous energy devoted to generating the right policy models in Development, strangely little attention is given to the relationship between these models and the practices and events that they are expected to generate or legitimize. Focusing on the unfolding activities of a Development project over more than ten years as it falls under different policy regimes, this article challenges the assumption that Development practice is driven by policy, suggesting that the things that make for ‘good policy’ — policy which legitimizes and mobilizes political support — in reality make it rather unimplementable within its chosen institutions and regions. But although Development practice is driven by a multi-layered complex of relationships and the culture of organizations rather than policy, Development actors work hardest of all to maintain coherent representations of their actions as instances of authorized policy, because it is always in their interest to do so. The article places these observations within the wider context of the Anthropology of Development and reflects on the place, method and contribution of Development ethnography.
Boilève Félix - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Une "Banque du savoir" ? Enquête sur la nature et la politique de l'expertise de la Banque mondiale
HAL CCSD, 2020Co-Authors: Boilève FélixAbstract:In the 1990s, the World Bank was facing an unprecedented crisis, due to the consequences of structural adjustment programs and of some projects it financed, which were considered harmful by many. The response of the international institution was to describe itself as a “Knowledge Bank”, claiming by this term that its primary value lied in its Development knowledge, while acknowledging the political nature and the need to transform this knowledge. This thesis takes up this self-description and investigates the current nature of this Knowledge Bank. To this end, ethnographic studies, mainly in West Africa, were conducted on knowledge that the World Bank itself has identified as one of its prominent concern: the knowledge embedded in its Development interventions (projects, technical assistance). By discussing mainly the literature in Anthropology of Development, and building upon relevant work in Science and technology studies, the thesis identifies an “expertise as operation” at the heart of these interventions. This expression denotes the actions undertaken by World Bank experts (consultants, project managers) to construct or transform the identities and problems of individual or collective entities, through the production and mobilisation of knowledge about them, and often by ensuring that these entities seize upon this knowledge about themselves. The choice made in the thesis to analyse economic interventions (support for the competitiveness of an economic sector, support for the Development of entrepreneurship, or research on industrial policies) allows for an in-depth analysis of the much criticized neoliberal and “economicist” policy of the World Bank, so as to show that the politics of the institution cannot be reduced to those aspects, and is primarily embedded in these operations of expertise on identities and problems.Dans les années 1990, suite aux conséquences jugées néfastes des programmes d’ajustement structurel et de certains projets qu’elle a financés, la Banque mondiale est confrontée à une crise sans précédent. L’institution internationale réagit en s’auto-décrivant comme une « Banque du savoir », expression par laquelle elle revendique que sa valeur première réside dans ses savoirs sur le développement, tout en reconnaissant la nature politique ainsi que la nécessité de transformer ces savoirs. Cette thèse prend pour objet cette auto-description et s’interroge sur la nature actuelle de cette Banque du savoir. À cette fin, des enquêtes ethnographiques, essentiellement en Afrique de l’Ouest, ont été menées sur des savoirs que la Banque mondiale elle-même a identifiés comme un objet de préoccupation : les savoirs embarqués dans ses interventions d’aide au développement (projets, assistances techniques). En discutant principalement la littérature en anthropologie du développement, et en s’appuyant sur des travaux en Sciences, technologies, sociétés, la thèse identifie au cœur de ces interventions ce qu’elle appelle une « expertise comme opération ». Cette expression désigne le fait d’agir, pour les experts de la Banque mondiale (consultants, chefs de projet), en construisant ou en transformant les identités et les problèmes d’entités individuelles ou collectives, à l’aide d’un travail de production et de mobilisation de savoirs sur ces entités, et en faisant souvent en sorte que ces entités se saisissent elles-mêmes des savoirs les concernant. Le choix d’analyser des interventions économiques (soutien à la compétitivité d’un secteur économique, soutien au développement de l’entrepreneuriat, ou recherches sur les politiques industrielles) permet d’entrer au cœur de la Banque mondiale souvent critiquée pour sa politique jugée « économiciste » et néolibérale, pour montrer que le faire politique de l’institution ne s’y réduit pas, et se joue d’abord dans ces opérations d’expertise sur des identités et des problèmes
Patrick Neveling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The political economy machinery: toward a critical Anthropology of Development as a contested capitalist practice
Dialectical Anthropology, 2017Co-Authors: Patrick NevelingAbstract:This article discusses Anthropology’s current mainstream understandings of Development and offers a historical materialist alternative. According to these, Development was and is either a discourse-backed anti-politics machine that strengthens the power of postcolonial governments or a category of practice, a universal that generates frictions when it clashes with local historical–cultural formations. The approach proposed here reintegrates the analysis of Development into the anthropological analysis of capitalism’s uneven and contested histories and practices. A reassessment of World Bank reporting on Lesotho and an analysis of the Bank’s impact on the wider policies of Development in postcolonial Mauritius, one of the twentieth century’s preeminent success stories of capitalist Development, underlines that Development is best understood as a political economy machinery that maintains and amends contested capitalist practices in an encounter with earlier global, national, and local historical–cultural formations.