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Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Polymeric Antibiofilm coating comprising synergistic combination of citral and thymol prevents methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation on titanium.
Materials science & engineering. C Materials for biological applications, 2021Co-Authors: Alaguvel Valliammai, Anthonymuthu Selvaraj, Poobalan Mathumitha, Chairmandurai Aravindraja, Shunmugiah Karutha PandianAbstract:Biomaterial associated microbial infections are complicated and mostly lead to revision surgery or removal which are painful to the patients and quite expensive. These infections are difficult to treat with antibiotics as it is often related to biofilm formation. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the leading pathogen in biomaterial associated infections and well known to form biofilm on foreign materials. To reduce the risk of biomaterial associated infections, recent treatment strategies focus on modification of the implant surface to prevent the adhesion of bacteria. Antibiofilm coating is the effective approach than coating with antimicrobials as Antibiofilm agents will not create selective pressure thereby excludes possibility of drug resistance. The current study identified and validated the synergistic Antibiofilm activity of citral (CIT) and thymol (THY) by crystal violet quantification and microscopic analysis without alteration in growth and metabolic viability of MRSA. Polymeric Antibiofilm coating with CIT + THY as active ingredients was formulated and coated on titanium surface by the process of spin coating. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the effective blending of polymeric formulation and the presence of CIT and THY. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images revealed the homogenous coating and reduced surface roughness and thickness of the coating was measured by surface profilometer. Antibiofilm coating released CIT and THY in a sustained manner for 60 days. Antibiofilm coating effectively inhibited MRSA adherence in vitro and Antibiofilm activity of coating was not affected by plasma conditioning. In addition, Antibiofilm coating was non-hemolytic and non-toxic to PBMC. Thus, the current study demonstrated the effectual strategy to prevent biomaterial associated infections and proposes the prospective role of Antibiofilm coating in clinical applications.
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inhibition of biofilm and biofilm associated virulence factor production in methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus by docosanol
Journal of Biotechnology, 2020Co-Authors: Selvaraj Alagu Lakshmi, James Prabhanand Bhaskar, Venkateswaran Krishnan, Sivasamy Sethupathy, Selvapandi Pandipriya, Wilson Aruni, Shunmugiah Karutha PandianAbstract:Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health concern in infection control. Hence, a multi-pronged approach is necessary to curb the severity of infections. The present study entails the identification of docosanol (fatty alcohol) from Streptomyces as a novel Antibiofilm agent which can target the virulence factors of MRSA. Results showed that docosanol as a potent Antibiofilm agent and found to inhibit several virulence factors of MRSA. The Antibiofilm efficacy of docosanol analyzed through light and scanning electron microscopy showed a significant reduction in adherent cells. Moreover, analysis of three-dimensional structure of biofilm matrix by confocal laser scanning microscope demonstrated effective Antibiofilm potential of docosanol. In addition, docosanol reduced the survival rate of MRSA in healthy human blood and enhanced the neutrophil-mediated killing by interfering with hemolysin production. RT-qPCR analysis revealed the down regulation of several virulence genes, possibly by affecting the expression of the accessory gene regulator (agr) system and transcriptional regulator sarA. These findings suggest that docosanol could effectively reduce the biofilm phenotype and virulence production, and thus becomes a promising candidate to treat MRSA infections.
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umbelliferone impedes biofilm formation and virulence of methicillin resistant staphylococcus epidermidis via impairment of initial attachment and intercellular adhesion
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2019Co-Authors: Thirukannamangai Krishnan Swetha, Ganapathy Ashwinkumar Subramenium, Krishnaswamy Balamurugan, Murugesan Pooranachithra, Velayutham Divya, Shunmugiah Karutha PandianAbstract:Abstract Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic human pathogen, which is involved in numerous nosocomial and implant associated infections. Biofilm formation is one of the prime virulence factors of S. epidermidis that supports its colonization on biotic and abiotic surfaces. The global dissemination of three lineages of S. epidermidis superbugs highlights its clinical significance and the imperative need to combat its pathogenicity. Thus, in the current study, the Antibiofilm activity of umbelliferone (UMB), a natural product of the coumarin family, was assessed against methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE). UMB exhibited significant Antibiofilm activity (83%) at 500 µg/ml concentration without growth alteration. Microscopic analysis corroborated the Antibiofilm potential of UMB and unveiled its potential to impair intercellular adhesion, which was reflected in auto-aggregation and solid phase adherence assays. Furthermore, real time PCR analysis revealed the reduced expression of adhesion encoding genes (icaD, atlE, aap, bhp, ebh, sdrG and sdrF). Down regulation of agrA and reduced production of secreted hydrolases upon UMB treatment were, speculated to hinder invasive lifestyle of MRSE. Additionally, UMB hindered slime synthesis and biofilm matrix components, which were believed to augment antibiotic susceptibility. In vivo assays using Caenorhabditis elegans divulged the non-toxic nature of UMB and validated the Antibiofilm, antivirulence and antiadherence properties of UMB observed in in vitro assays. Thus, UMB impairs MRSE biofilm by turning down the initial attachment and intercellular adhesion. Altogether, the obtained results suggest the potent Antibiofilm activity of UMB and the feasibility of using it in clinical settings for combating S. epidermidis infections.
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In vitro evaluation of indole-3-carboxaldehyde on Vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilms
Biologia, 2016Co-Authors: Murugan Rajalaxmi, Vivekanandham Amsa Devi, Shunmugiah Karutha PandianAbstract:This study was aimed to explore Antibiofilm agents from the hitherto underexplored Palk Bay seawater bacteria. The cell free culture supernatant of the isolate Marinomonas sp. showed profound Antibiofilm activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802. The active principle responsible for Antibiofilm activity was identified as indole-3-carboxaldehyde (ICA) after bioassay guided purification and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Further, in vitro Antibiofilm activity of ICA was confirmed through light microscopy, confocal imaging, scanning electron microscopy and biofilm disruption studies. In addition, ICA efficiently reduced the swarming motility of the pathogen and promoted the swimming ability. Furthermore, the control of biofilms and swarming efficiency by quorum sensing pathway of the pathogen was modulated by ICA, which was substantiated using real-time analysis for opaR, cpsA , and lafA genes. This study divulged the efficacy of ICA as an Antibiofilm agent against V. parahaemolyticus in vitro .
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covR Mediated Antibiofilm Activity of 3-Furancarboxaldehyde Increases the Virulence of Group A Streptococcus.
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Ganapathy Ashwinkumar Subramenium, Dharmaprakash Viszwapriya, Prasanth Mani Iyer, Krishnaswamy Balamurugan, Shunmugiah Karutha PandianAbstract:Background Group A streptococcus (GAS, Streptococcus pyogenes), a multi-virulent, exclusive human pathogen responsible for various invasive and non-invasive diseases possesses biofilm forming phenomenon as one of its pathogenic armaments. Recently, Antibiofilm agents have gained prime importance, since inhibiting the biofilm formation is expected to reduce development of antibiotic resistance and increase their susceptibility to the host immune cells. Principal Findings The current study demonstrates the Antibiofilm activity of 3Furancarboxaldehyde (3FCA), a floral honey derived compound, against GAS biofilm, which was divulged using crystal violet assay, light microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The report is extended to study its effect on various aspects of GAS (morphology, virulence, aggregation) at its minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (132μg/ml). 3FCA was found to alter the growth pattern of GAS in solid and liquid medium and increased the rate of auto-aggregation. Electron microscopy unveiled the increase in extra polymeric substances around cell. Gene expression studies showed down-regulation of covR gene, which is speculated to be the prime target for the Antibiofilm activity. Increased hyaluronic acid production and down regulation of srtB gene is attributed to the enhanced rate of auto-aggregation. The virulence genes (srv, mga, luxS and hasA) were also found to be over expressed, which was manifested with the increased susceptibility of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to 3FCA treated GAS. The toxicity of 3FCA was ruled out with no adverse effect on C. elegans. Significance Though 3FCA possess Antibiofilm activity against GAS, it was also found to increase the virulence of GAS. This study demonstrates that, covR mediated Antibiofilm activity may increase the virulence of GAS. This also emphasizes the importance to analyse the acclimatization response and virulence of the pathogen in the presence of Antibiofilm compounds prior to their clinical trials.
Jeffrey B Kaplan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Environmental bacteria produce abundant and diverse Antibiofilm compounds.
Journal of applied microbiology, 2014Co-Authors: Jackson T. Farmer, Anton V. Shimkevitch, P.s. Reilly, Kevin D. Mlynek, K.s. Jensen, Mary Theresa Callahan, Karen L. Bushaw-newton, Jeffrey B KaplanAbstract:Aims The aim of this study was to isolate novel Antibiofilm compounds produced by environmental bacteria. Methods and Results Cell-free extracts were prepared from lawns of bacteria cultured on agar. A total of 126 bacteria isolated from soil, cave and river habitats were employed. Extracts were tested for their ability to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in a 96-well microtitre plate assay. A total of 55/126 extracts (44%) significantly inhibited Staph. aureus biofilm. Seven extracts were selected for further analysis. The Antibiofilm activities in all seven extracts exhibited unique patterns of molecular mass, chemical polarity, heat stability and spectrum of activity against Staph. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, suggesting that these seven Antibiofilm activities were mediated by unique chemical compounds with different mechanisms of action. Conclusions Environmental bacteria produce abundant and diverse Antibiofilm compounds. Significance and Impact of the Study Screening cell-free extracts is a useful method for identifying secreted compounds that regulate biofilm formation. Such compounds may represent a novel source of Antibiofilm agents for technological development.
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Antibiofilm activity of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 capsular polysaccharide
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Michael T Karwacki, Daniel E Kadouri, Meriem Bendaoud, Era A Izano, Vandana Sampathkumar, Thomas J Inzana, Jeffrey B KaplanAbstract:Cell-free extracts isolated from colony biofilms of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 were found to inhibit biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, but not by A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 itself, in a 96-well microtiter plate assay. Physical and chemical analyses indicated that the Antibiofilm activity in the extract was due to high-molecular-weight polysaccharide. Extracts isolated from a mutant strain deficient in the production of serotype 5 capsular polysaccharide did not exhibit Antibiofilm activity. A plasmid harboring the serotype 5 capsule genes restored the Antibiofilm activity in the mutant extract. Purified serotype 5 capsular polysaccharide also exhibited Antibiofilm activity against S. aureus. A. pleuropneumoniae wild-type extracts did not inhibit S. aureus growth, but did inhibit S. aureus intercellular adhesion and binding of S. aureus cells to stainless steel surfaces. Furthermore, polystyrene surfaces coated with A. pleuropneumoniae wild-type extracts, but not with capsule-mutant extracts, resisted S. aureus biofilm formation. Our findings suggest that the A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 capsule inhibits cell-to-cell and cell-to-surface interactions of other bacteria. A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 capsular polysaccharide is one of a growing number of bacterial polysaccharides that exhibit broad-spectrum, nonbiocidal Antibiofilm activity. Future studies on these Antibiofilm polysaccharides may uncover novel functions for bacterial polysaccharides in nature, and may lead to the development of new classes of Antibiofilm agents for industrial and clinical applications.
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Antibiofilm polysaccharides: Bacterial Antibiofilm polysaccharides
Environmental microbiology, 2012Co-Authors: Olaya Rendueles, Jeffrey B Kaplan, Jean-marc GhigoAbstract:Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides have been shown to mediate many of the cell-to-cell and cell-to-surface interactions that are required for the formation, cohesion and stabilization of bacterial biofilms. However, recent studies have identified several bacterial polysaccharides that inhibit biofilm formation by a wide spectrum of bacteria and fungi both in vitro and in vivo. This review discusses the composition, modes of action and potential biological roles of Antibiofilm polysaccharides recently identified in bacteria and eukarya. Some of these molecules may have technological applications as Antibiofilm agents in industry and medicine.
Huancai Lin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antibiofilm peptides as a promising strategy: comparative research.
Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2021Co-Authors: Dongru Chen, Huancai LinAbstract:Biofilms lead to approximately 65% of infections, and these infections are hard to treat. Thus, it is crucial to identify effective Antibiofilm agents with low cytotoxicity. Peptides with Antibiofilm activity have been regarded as promising solutions, and peptides with MBICs (minimal biofilm inhibitory concentrations) that are lower than their minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) (minimal inhibitory concentrations) are appealing. Therefore, we systematically summarized and classified previously reported peptides with Antibiofilm activity. A total of 51 peptides with Antibiofilm activity were classified into 14 categories. The MICs and MBICs of these fourteen representative peptides, one selected from each category, were compared against the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus mutans, the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the fungus Candida albicans. Six representative peptides (C5-pleurocidin, C6-Pac-525, C9-protegrin-1, C11-TetraF2W-RR, C13-WLBU2, and C14-melittin) showed Antibiofilm activity against both bacteria and fungi, and among these 6 representative peptides, 4 peptides (C9-protegrin-1, C11-TetraF2W-RR, C13-WLBU2, and C14-melittin) could prevent biofilm formation with lower MBIC values than their MICs. CLSM (confocal laser scanning microscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) were further used to observe the morphologies of the biofilms after treatment with the peptides. Among the above 4 peptides, WLBU2 and melittin sparsely scattered the biofilms without destroying the bacteria. In conclusion, the currently reported peptides with Antibiofilm activity are limited in number, but peptides with lower MBICs than MICs exist as promising candidates against biofilm-related infections and need further study. KEY POINTS: • Antibiofilm peptides could inhibit biofilm formation with MBICs that are lower than MICs. • The mechanism of Antibiofilm peptides is not only due to antimicrobial activity.
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The broad‐spectrum Antibiofilm activity of amyloid‐forming hexapeptides
Microbial biotechnology, 2020Co-Authors: Dongru Chen, Ting Pan, Ye Tao, Huancai LinAbstract:Evidence suggests that short amyloid-forming peptides derived from bacterial proteomes have functional roles; however, the reported activities are diverse and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we simulated short amyloid-forming peptides from the amyloid-forming truncated protein C123 of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), studied their biological functions in microbial proliferation and biofilm formation, and further investigated the underlying mechanism. Fourteen hexapeptides were simulated, 13 of which were successfully synthesized. We found that the amyloid-forming hexapeptides (AFhPs) displayed efficient broad-spectrum Antibiofilm activity against the Gram-positive bacteria S. mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and fungus Candida albicans, by aggregating into rigid amyloid fibres agglutinating microbes, whereas the non-amyloid-forming hexapeptides (non-AFhPs) did not. The AFhPs did not kill microbes and showed little or no cytotoxicity. Furthermore, a set of AFhPs displayed broad-spectrum Antibiofilm activity, regardless of its source. The microbial cell wall carbohydrates, peptidoglycan (PGN), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), glucan and zymosan A, mediated AFhP binding and triggered significant AFhP fibrillation. Although amyloid fibres agglutinated lipid membrane model - large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) - and LUVs facilitated AFhP fibrillation, the roles of lipid membranes in AFhP Antibiofilm activities remain to be elucidated. We highlight the potential use of AFhPs as novel Antibiofilm agents.
Alexandre José Macedo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Triterpene Derivatives as Relevant Scaffold for New Antibiofilm Drugs
MDPI AG, 2019Co-Authors: Gloria Narjara Santos Da Silva, Alexandre José Macedo, Muriel Primon-barros, Simone Cristina Baggio GnoattoAbstract:New medicines for the treatment of bacterial biofilm formation are required. For this reason, this study shows the in vitro activity of betulinic acid (BA), ursolic acid (UA) and their twenty derivatives against planktonic and biofilm cells (gram-positive bacterial pathogens: Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis). We evaluated the Antibiofilm activity (through the crystal violet method), as well as the antibacterial activity via absorbance (OD600) at concentrations of 5, 25 and 100 µM. Likewise, the cytotoxicity of all compounds was evaluated on a kidney African green monkey (VERO) cell line at the same concentration, by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) methodology. We verified for the first time whether different groups at carbon 3 (C-3) of triterpenes may interfere in the Antibiofilm activity with minimal or no antibacterial effect. After the screening of 22 compounds at three distinct concentrations, we found Antibiofilm activity for eight distinct derivatives without antibiotic effect. In particular, the derivative 2f, with an isopentanoyl ester at position C-3, was an Antibiofilm activity against S. aureus without any effect upon mammalian cells
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Antibiofilm activity of Cobetia marina filtrate upon Staphylococcus epidermidis catheter-related isolates
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Danielle Da Silva Trentin, Daniela Fernandes Gorziza, Ana Lúcia Souza Antunes, Cléa Beatriz Lerner, Beatriz Mothes, Carlos Termignoni, Wolf-rainer Abraham, Alexandre José MacedoAbstract:We report the Antibiofilm activity by the sponge-associated bacterium Cobetia marina upon Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolates obtained from central venous catheters. Antibiofilm activity/antimicrobial susceptibility correlation might predict the action of the metabolite(s) upon Staphylococcus epidermidis in the clinic, making it a possible adjuvant in therapies against biofilm-associated infections.
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potential of medicinal plants from the brazilian semi arid region caatinga against staphylococcus epidermidis planktonic and biofilm lifestyles
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011Co-Authors: Danielle Da Silva Trentin, Raquel Brandt Giordani, Karine Rigon Zimmer, Alexandre Gomes Da Silva, Marcia Vanusa Da Silva, Maria Tereza Dos Santos Correia, I J R Baumvol, Alexandre José MacedoAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Medicinal plants from the Caatinga, a Brazilian xeric shrubland, are used in folk medicine to treat infections. These ethnopharmacological data can contribute to obtaining new antimicrobial/Antibiofilm extracts and natural product prototypes for the development of new drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the Antibiofilm and antibacterial activities of 45 aqueous extracts from 24 Caatinga plant species. Materials and methods The effect of aqueous extracts on planktonic cells and on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis was studied by the OD600 absorbance and by the crystal violet assay, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to generate comparative images of extract-treated and untreated biofilms. Chromatographic analyses were performed to characterize the active extracts. Results The in vitro screening, at 0.4 mg/mL and 4.0 mg/mL, showed 20 plants effective in preventing biofilm formation and 13 plants able to inhibit planktonic bacterial growth. SEM images demonstrated distinct profiles of bacterial adhesion, matrix production and cell morphology according to different treatments and surfaces. The phytochemical analysis of the selected active extracts indicates the polyphenols, coumarins, steroids and terpenes as possible active compounds. Conclusion This study describes the first Antibiofilm and antibacterial screening of Caatinga plants against S. epidermidis. The evaluation presented in this study confirms several ethnopharmacological reports and can be utilized to identify new Antibiofilm and antibacterial products against S. epidermidis from traditional Brazilian medicine.
Alex J Oneill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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potential for repurposing the personal care product preservatives bronopol and bronidox as broad spectrum Antibiofilm agents for topical application
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2019Co-Authors: Victoria E Lee, Alex J OneillAbstract:Objectives Bacterial biofilms represent a major impediment to healing in chronic wounds and are largely refractory to the antibacterial agents currently used in wound management. From a repurposing screen of compounds considered safe for topical application in humans, we report the identification of the personal care product preservatives bronopol and bronidox as broad-spectrum Antibiofilm agents and potential candidates for reducing biofilm burden in chronic wounds. Methods Antibiofilm activity was assessed by viable counting against single-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Calgary Biofilm Device, and against mixed-species biofilms of the two organisms growing on nitrocellulose discs. Results Bronopol and bronidox exhibited broad-spectrum Antibiofilm activity that encompassed the two major wound pathogens, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. When impregnated into gauze dressings at their existing maximum authorized concentrations for safe use and placed onto an established mixed-species biofilm, bronopol and bronidox completely eradicated P. aeruginosa and achieved an ∼5 log10 reduction in the S. aureus population. The Antibiofilm action of bronopol and bronidox was attributed to their ability to kill slow- or non-growing bacteria found in biofilms, and both compounds exhibited synergistic Antibiofilm effects in combination with established wound-treatment agents. Conclusions Bronopol and bronidox kill bacteria regardless of growth state, a property that endows them with broad-spectrum Antibiofilm activity. As this effect is observed at concentrations authorized for use on human skin, these compounds represent promising candidates for the treatment of chronic wounds.