The Experts below are selected from a list of 177 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Jin Chung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans‐Induced AIM2 Inflammasome Activation Is Suppressed by Xylitol in Differentiated THP‐1 Macrophages
    Journal of Periodontology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Se-yeon Kim, Mi Hee Park, Yu Ri Song, Jin Chung
    Abstract:

    Background: Aggressive periodontitis is characterized by rapid destruction of periodontal tissue caused by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Interleukin (IL)-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine, and its production is tightly regulated by inflammasome activation. Xylitol, an Anticaries Agent, is anti-inflammatory, but its effect on inflammasome activation has not been researched. This study investigates the effect of xylitol on inflammasome activation induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans.Methods: The differentiated THP-1 macrophages were stimulated by A. actinomycetemcomitans with or without xylitol and the expressions of IL-1β and inflammasome components were detected by real time PCR, ELISA, confocal microscopy and Immunoblot analysis. The effects of xylitol on the adhesion and invasion of A. actinomycetemcomitans to cells were measured by viable cell count.Results: A. actinomycetemcomitans increased pro IL-1β synthesis and IL-1β secretion in a multiplicity of infection- and time-dependent manner. A. ac...

  • Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-Induced AIM2 Inflammasome Activation Is Suppressed by Xylitol in Differentiated THP-1 Macrophages.
    Journal of periodontology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Se-yeon Kim, Mi Hee Park, Yu Ri Song, Jin Chung
    Abstract:

    Aggressive periodontitis is characterized by rapid destruction of periodontal tissue caused by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Interleukin (IL)-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine, and its production is tightly regulated by inflammasome activation. Xylitol, an Anticaries Agent, is anti-inflammatory, but its effect on inflammasome activation has not been researched. This study investigates the effect of xylitol on inflammasome activation induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans. The differentiated THP-1 macrophages were stimulated by A. actinomycetemcomitans with or without xylitol and the expressions of IL-1β and inflammasome components were detected by real time PCR, ELISA, confocal microscopy and Immunoblot analysis. The effects of xylitol on the adhesion and invasion of A. actinomycetemcomitans to cells were measured by viable cell count. A. actinomycetemcomitans increased pro IL-1β synthesis and IL-1β secretion in a multiplicity of infection- and time-dependent manner. A. actinomycetemcomitans also stimulated caspase-1 activation. Among inflammasome components, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) proteins were upregulated by A. actinomycetemcomitans infection. When cells were pretreated with xylitol, proIL-1β and IL-1β production by A. actinomycetemcomitans infection was significantly decreased. Xylitol also inhibited ASC and AIM2 proteins and formation of ASC puncta. Furthermore, xylitol suppressed internalization of A. actinomycetemcomitans into differentiated THP-1 macrophages without affecting viability of A. actinomycetemcomitans within cells. A. actinomycetemcomitans induced IL-1β production and AIM2 inflammasome activation. Xylitol inhibited these effects, possibly by suppressing internalization of A. actinomycetemcomitans into cells. Thus, this study proposes a mechanism for IL-1β production via inflammasome activation and discusses a possible use for xylitol in periodontal inflammation caused by A. actinomycetemcomitans.

  • Xylitol, an Anticaries Agent, Exhibits Potent Inhibition of Inflammatory Responses in Human THP-1-Derived Macrophages Infected With Porphyromonas gingivalis
    Journal of periodontology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Eunjoo Park, Sheon Min Kim, Shannon M. Wallet, Seunghee Cha, Jin Chung
    Abstract:

    Background: Xylitol is a well-known Anticaries Agent and has been used for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of xylitol are evaluated for possible use in the prevention and treatment of periodontal infections.Methods: Cytokine expression was stimulated in THP-1 (human monocyte cell line)-derived macrophages by live Porphyromonas gingivalis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a commercial multiplex assay kit were used to determine the effects of xylitol on live P. gingivalis–induced production of cytokine. The effects of xylitol on phagocytosis and the production of nitric oxide were determined using phagocytosis assay, viable cell count, and Griess reAgent. The effects of xylitol on P. gingivalis adhesion were determined by immunostaining, and costimulatory molecule expression was examined by flow cytometry.Results: Live P. gingivalis infection increased the production of representative proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis facto...

Se-yeon Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans‐Induced AIM2 Inflammasome Activation Is Suppressed by Xylitol in Differentiated THP‐1 Macrophages
    Journal of Periodontology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Se-yeon Kim, Mi Hee Park, Yu Ri Song, Jin Chung
    Abstract:

    Background: Aggressive periodontitis is characterized by rapid destruction of periodontal tissue caused by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Interleukin (IL)-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine, and its production is tightly regulated by inflammasome activation. Xylitol, an Anticaries Agent, is anti-inflammatory, but its effect on inflammasome activation has not been researched. This study investigates the effect of xylitol on inflammasome activation induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans.Methods: The differentiated THP-1 macrophages were stimulated by A. actinomycetemcomitans with or without xylitol and the expressions of IL-1β and inflammasome components were detected by real time PCR, ELISA, confocal microscopy and Immunoblot analysis. The effects of xylitol on the adhesion and invasion of A. actinomycetemcomitans to cells were measured by viable cell count.Results: A. actinomycetemcomitans increased pro IL-1β synthesis and IL-1β secretion in a multiplicity of infection- and time-dependent manner. A. ac...

  • Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-Induced AIM2 Inflammasome Activation Is Suppressed by Xylitol in Differentiated THP-1 Macrophages.
    Journal of periodontology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Se-yeon Kim, Mi Hee Park, Yu Ri Song, Jin Chung
    Abstract:

    Aggressive periodontitis is characterized by rapid destruction of periodontal tissue caused by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Interleukin (IL)-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine, and its production is tightly regulated by inflammasome activation. Xylitol, an Anticaries Agent, is anti-inflammatory, but its effect on inflammasome activation has not been researched. This study investigates the effect of xylitol on inflammasome activation induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans. The differentiated THP-1 macrophages were stimulated by A. actinomycetemcomitans with or without xylitol and the expressions of IL-1β and inflammasome components were detected by real time PCR, ELISA, confocal microscopy and Immunoblot analysis. The effects of xylitol on the adhesion and invasion of A. actinomycetemcomitans to cells were measured by viable cell count. A. actinomycetemcomitans increased pro IL-1β synthesis and IL-1β secretion in a multiplicity of infection- and time-dependent manner. A. actinomycetemcomitans also stimulated caspase-1 activation. Among inflammasome components, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) proteins were upregulated by A. actinomycetemcomitans infection. When cells were pretreated with xylitol, proIL-1β and IL-1β production by A. actinomycetemcomitans infection was significantly decreased. Xylitol also inhibited ASC and AIM2 proteins and formation of ASC puncta. Furthermore, xylitol suppressed internalization of A. actinomycetemcomitans into differentiated THP-1 macrophages without affecting viability of A. actinomycetemcomitans within cells. A. actinomycetemcomitans induced IL-1β production and AIM2 inflammasome activation. Xylitol inhibited these effects, possibly by suppressing internalization of A. actinomycetemcomitans into cells. Thus, this study proposes a mechanism for IL-1β production via inflammasome activation and discusses a possible use for xylitol in periodontal inflammation caused by A. actinomycetemcomitans.

Waranuch Pitiphat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The effect of a new toothpaste containing potassium nitrate and triclosan on gingival health, plaque formation and dentine hypersensitivity
    Journal of clinical periodontology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Nawarat Wara-aswapati, Duangporn Krongnawakul, Duangporn Jiraviboon, Supreda Adulyanon, Nadeem Y. Karimbux, Waranuch Pitiphat
    Abstract:

    Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a new toothpaste containing an antiplaque and antiinflammatory Agent (0.3% triclosan), a desensitizing Agent (5% potassium nitrate) and an Anticaries Agent (0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP)) on gingival health, plaque formation and dentine hypersensitivity in a 12-week home study. The efficacy of the test toothpaste was compared with that of a control toothpaste containing 5% potassium nitrate and 0.76% SMFP and a benchmark product containing only 0.76% SMFP. Material and Methods: One hundred and two healthy volunteers, who had a minimum of 20 natural permanent teeth with no probing depth >4 mm and at least one sensitive tooth, participated in this study. Following enrollment, the subjects received a dental prophylaxis and instruction in brushing technique. After a 4-week pre-experimental phase, baseline gingival bleeding index (GBI), plaque index (PI) and visual analogue scales (VASs) indicating dentine hypersensitivity levels responding to tactile and air stimuli were assessed. The subjects were then randomly given one of the three toothpastes; test, control, or benchmark toothpaste, and a soft-filamented toothbrush for home use. The GBI, PI and VASs were re-examined at weeks 4 and 12. Results: Overall, the GBI scores were significantly reduced compared with baseline in all groups (p

  • the effect of a new toothpaste containing potassium nitrate and triclosan on gingival health plaque formation and dentine hypersensitivity
    Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Nawarat Waraaswapati, Duangporn Krongnawakul, Duangporn Jiraviboon, Supreda Adulyanon, Nadeem Y. Karimbux, Waranuch Pitiphat
    Abstract:

    Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a new toothpaste containing an antiplaque and antiinflammatory Agent (0.3% triclosan), a desensitizing Agent (5% potassium nitrate) and an Anticaries Agent (0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP)) on gingival health, plaque formation and dentine hypersensitivity in a 12-week home study. The efficacy of the test toothpaste was compared with that of a control toothpaste containing 5% potassium nitrate and 0.76% SMFP and a benchmark product containing only 0.76% SMFP. Material and Methods: One hundred and two healthy volunteers, who had a minimum of 20 natural permanent teeth with no probing depth >4 mm and at least one sensitive tooth, participated in this study. Following enrollment, the subjects received a dental prophylaxis and instruction in brushing technique. After a 4-week pre-experimental phase, baseline gingival bleeding index (GBI), plaque index (PI) and visual analogue scales (VASs) indicating dentine hypersensitivity levels responding to tactile and air stimuli were assessed. The subjects were then randomly given one of the three toothpastes; test, control, or benchmark toothpaste, and a soft-filamented toothbrush for home use. The GBI, PI and VASs were re-examined at weeks 4 and 12. Results: Overall, the GBI scores were significantly reduced compared with baseline in all groups (p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in GBI score among the three comparison groups. The PI score decreased in the test group and benchmark group from baseline to the end of study, whereas there was no significant change in the control group. Post hoc comparison indicated that the PI score was not statistically different between the three groups. There was a significant difference between the three treatment groups for sensitivity. For both the tactile and air stimuli, the reductions in VAS sensitivity scores for the test group and the control group were significantly greater compared with the benchmark group. Although the sensitivity score for air stimulus decreased more rapidly from baseline to week 4 in the test group, there was no overall difference between the test group and the control group. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the new toothpaste was effective in reducing dentine hypersensitivity. More studies are needed to further determine the potential interaction between triclosan and potassium nitrate in dentifrices.

S G Karkera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • potential of the aqueous extract of terminalia chebula as an Anticaries Agent
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1999
    Co-Authors: A G Jagtap, S G Karkera
    Abstract:

    The aqueous extract from Terminalia chebula was tested for its ability to inhibit the growth and some physiological functions of Streptococcus mutans. The extract strongly inhibited the growth, sucrose induced adherence and glucan induced aggregation of S. mutans. Mouthrinsing with a 10% solution of the extract inhibited the salivary bacterial count and salivary glycolysis. Mouthrinsing with the extract significantly reduced total bacterial counts and the total streptococcal counts in the saliva samples obtained up to and including 3 h after rinsing, compared with the counts obtained prerinsing or after placebo rinsing. The extract successfully inhibited glycolysis of salivary bacteria for up to 90 min postrinsing.

Yl Lou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Reaction of silver diamine fluoride with hydroxyapatite and protein
    Journal of dentistry, 2011
    Co-Authors: Yl Lou, M G Botelho, Brian W. Darvell
    Abstract:

    Abstract Silver diammine fluoride (SDF) is used as an Anticaries Agent; however, its mode of action is uncertain, whether chemical, physical, mechanical or antibacterial. As a preliminary study, the effect of SDF on hydroxyapatite (HAp) and gelatin (as a chemically-representative protein) was examined. Methods 2.5 mg HAp powder specimens and 0.5 mL 10% gelatin (Riedel-de Haen) (initially as a sol at ∼37 °C), were mixed with 0.5 mL of 38% SDF (J. Morita), 4% NaF (Sigma) or 40% AgNO3 (Sigma) and tumbled in 1.5 mL polypropylene tubes (Sarstedt) for 48 h at ∼23 °C, in two series: exposed to laboratory lighting, and kept dark at all times. The HAp specimens were separated by centrifugation and decanting, then these and one set of gelatin specimens were dried at 60 °C in situ; a second parallel set of gelatin specimens were dried at ∼23 °C. Each was washed with 1 mL deionized water for 1 min, 3 times. Treated materials were observed, before and after washing, with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM); energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and electron diffraction (ED). Results SDF appeared to produce globular particles of CaF2 on the surface of the HAp, but these disappeared on washing, whilst with AgNO3 yellow cubic crystals of Ag3PO4 formed which were not dissolved on washing, but which darkened, converting gradually to metallic silver, on exposure to light. NaF had no effect on gelatin, whilst with SDF and AgNO3, particles of silver were produced which were resistant to washing. Conclusions Both principal components of tooth tissue react with SDF; the solubility of the putative CaF2 formed weakens the case for it exerting a caries-protective effect. The importance of the persistent silver needs further study.

  • Reaction of silver diamine fluoride with hydroxyapatite and protein
    'Elsevier BV', 2011
    Co-Authors: Mg Botelho, Bw Darvell, Yl Lou
    Abstract:

    Silver diammine fluoride (SDF) is used as an Anticaries Agent; however, its mode of action is uncertain, whether chemical, physical, mechanical or antibacterial. As a preliminary study, the effect of SDF on hydroxyapatite (HAp) and gelatin (as a chemically-representative protein) was examined. Methods: 2.5 mg HAp powder specimens and 0.5 mL 10% gelatin (Riedel-de Haën) (initially as a sol at ∼37 °C), were mixed with 0.5 mL of 38% SDF (J. Morita), 4% NaF (Sigma) or 40% AgNO 3 (Sigma) and tumbled in 1.5 mL polypropylene tubes (Sarstedt) for 48 h at ∼23 °C, in two series: exposed to laboratory lighting, and kept dark at all times. The HAp specimens were separated by centrifugation and decanting, then these and one set of gelatin specimens were dried at 60 °C in situ; a second parallel set of gelatin specimens were dried at ∼23 °C. Each was washed with 1 mL deionized water for 1 min, 3 times. Treated materials were observed, before and after washing, with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM); energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and electron diffraction (ED). Results: SDF appeared to produce globular particles of CaF 2 on the surface of the HAp, but these disappeared on washing, whilst with AgNO 3 yellow cubic crystals of Ag 3PO 4 formed which were not dissolved on washing, but which darkened, converting gradually to metallic silver, on exposure to light. NaF had no effect on gelatin, whilst with SDF and AgNO 3, particles of silver were produced which were resistant to washing. Conclusions: Both principal components of tooth tissue react with SDF; the solubility of the putative CaF 2 formed weakens the case for it exerting a caries-protective effect. The importance of the persistent silver needs further study. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

  • The effect of silver diammine fluoride on demineralized enamel and dentine
    'S. Karger AG', 2009
    Co-Authors: Bw Darvell, Mg Botelho, Yl Lou
    Abstract:

    pp. 179–244 of this journal issue entitled: 56th ORCA Congress. July 1–4, 2009, Budapest, HungarySession 4 - Fluoride ISilver diammine fluoride (SDF) has been used as an Anticaries Agent but its mode of action is uncertain. This study examined the effects of SDF on demineralized enamel and dentine. 5 X 1 mm enamel and dentine discs were prepared from human teeth. Test groups were demineralized in 50 mM acetate buffer solution at pH 4.5 (containing 2.2 mM each of KH 2 PO 4 and CaCl2) for 3 days at 37°C in situ, then washed in deionized water ultrasonically. 20µl 38% SDF (J. Morita), 4% NaF (Sigma) or 40% AgNO3 (Sigma) solution were applied to the deminineralized surface for 5 min. They were wash...link_to_OA_fulltex

  • Reaction of silver diammine fluoride with hydroxyapatite and collagen
    International Association of Dental Research., 2008
    Co-Authors: Bw Darvell, Yl Lou
    Abstract:

    Poster: Seq no. 86 - Fluoride/Caries Inhibition. Abstract no 0632OBJECTIVES: Silver diammine fluoride (SDF) is used as an Anticaries Agent; however, its mode of action is uncertain, whether chemical, physical or mechanical. As a preliminary study, the effect of SDF on hydroxyapatite (HAp) and gelatine (as a chemical equivalent of collagen) was examined. METHODS: 2.5 mg HAp powder specimens and 0.5 mL 10% gelatine (Riedel-de Haën) (initially as a sol at 37 °C), were mixed with 0.5 mL of 38% SDF (J. Morita), 4% NaF (Sigma) or 40% AgNO3 (Sigma) and tumbled in 1.5 mL polypropylene tubes (Sarstedt) for 48 h at 23 °C, in two series: exposed to laboratory lighting, and kept dark at all times. The HAp specimens were separated by centrifugation and decanting, then these and one set of gelatine specimens were dried at 60 °C in situ; a second parallel set of gelatine specimens were dried at 23 °C. Each was washed with 1 mL deionized water for 1 min, 3 times. Treated materials were observed, before and after washing, with Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (SEM, TEM); Energy-Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). RESULTS: SDF appeared to produce globular particles of CaF2 on the surface of the HAp, but these disappeared on washing, while with AgNO3 yellow cubic crystals of Ag3PO4 formed, not dissolved on washing, which darkened, converting gradually to metallic silver, on exposure to light. NaF had no effect on gelatine, while with SDF and AgNO3 particles of silver were produced which were resistant to washing. CONCLUSIONS: Both principal components of tooth tissue react with SDF; the solubility of the putative CaF2 formed weakens the case for it exerting a caries-protective effect. The importance of the persistent silver needs further study.The 86th General Session & Exhibition of the International Association of Dental Research (IADR), Toronto, Canada, 1-5 July 2008