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Denise Pedrini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hydraulic conductance of dentin after treatment with fluoride Toothpaste containing sodium trimetaphosphate microparticles or nanoparticles
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2020Co-Authors: Carla Oliveira Favretto, Priscila Toninatto Alves Toledo, Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem, Denise PedriniAbstract:Objectives To evaluate the hydraulic conductance of dentin after treatment with fluoride Toothpastes containing sodium trimetaphosphate microparticles (TMPmicro) or nanoparticles (TMPnano). Materials and methods The dentinal tubules of bovine dentin blocks (4 × 4 × 1 mm) were unobstructed for determination of the maximum hydraulic conductance of the dentin. The dentin blocks were randomized into four groups ( n = 15/group) of Toothpastes (placebo, 1100 ppm F, and 1100 with 3% TMPmicro or 3% TMPnano) which were applied for 7 days (2×/day) using a brushing machine. The dentin surface (5/group) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The hydraulic conductance post-treatment was measured in the other ten blocks. Thereafter, the same blocks were immersed in citric acid (pH 3.2) for 1 min, and the conductance was determined again. The data were submitted to 2-way ANOVA repeated measures, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test ( p < 0.05). Results The percentage conductance reduction post-treatment for the groups were placebo = 1100 ppm F < 1100 TMPnano < 1100 TMPmicro ( p < 0.001). After acid attack, the percentage reduction was placebo < 1100 ppm F < 1100 TMPnano < 1100 TMPmicro ( p < 0.001). The Toothpastes containing TMP showed the highest obliteration of dentinal tubules. Conclusions The addition of TMPmicro to fluoride Toothpaste produced a greater reduction in hydraulic conductance when compared with 1100 ppm F Toothpaste. Clinical relevance The increased capacity of Toothpastes containing TMP to reduce hydraulic conductance indicates their potential to reduce symptoms of dentinal hypersensitivity.
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Dentinal tubule obliteration using Toothpastes containing sodium trimetaphosphate microparticles or nanoparticles
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2018Co-Authors: Carla Oliveira Favretto, João Carlos Silos Moraes, Emerson Rodrigues Camargo, Priscila Toninatto Alves Toledo, Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem, Denise PedriniAbstract:ObjectivesThis in vitro study evaluated the effect of microparticles (TMPmicro) or nanoparticles (TMPnano) TMP associated with fluoride (F) in Toothpaste formulations on the obliteration of dentinal tubules (DT).Materials and methodsThe dentinal tubules of bovine dentin blocks were unobstructed by immersion in 37% phosphoric acid solution. Blocks (n = 20/group) underwent mechanical brushing (2×/day) during 7 days with Toothpastes: placebo, 1100 ppm F, and 1100 with 3% TMPmicro or 3% TMPnano. After that, ten blocks of each group were immersed in citric acid (pH 3.2) for 1 min. The number, diameter and area of unobstructed DT, atomic % of chemical elements from precipitates, and the mineral concentration were quantified. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test (P
Thiago Saads Carvalho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Toothpaste factors related to dentine tubule occlusion and dentine protection against erosion and abrasion
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2019Co-Authors: Samira Helena João-souza, Leticia Oba Sakae, Ana Cecilia Corrêa Aranha, Anderson Hara, Tommy Baumann, Tais Scaramucci, Adrian Lussi, Thiago Saads CarvalhoAbstract:Objectives To investigate the effect of Toothpastes on dentine surface loss and tubule occlusion, and the association of Toothpaste-related factors to each of the outcomes. Materials and methods One hundred and sixty human dentine specimens were randomly distributed into 10 groups, according to different Toothpastes. The specimens were submitted to artificial saliva (60 min), citric acid (3 min), and brushing abrasion (25 s; totalizing 2 min in Toothpaste slurries). This was repeated five times and two outcome variables were analyzed: dentine surface loss (dSL; μm) and tubule occlusion by measurement of the total area of open tubules (Area-OT; μm^2). Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α = 0.05); bivariate and multivariate regressions were used to model the association of the chemical (pH, concentration of F^−, Ca^2+, and PO_4^3− and presence of Sn^2+) and physical (% weight of solid particles, particle size, and wettability) factors of the Toothpastes to both outcome variables. Results Toothpastes caused different degrees of dSL and did not differ in Area-OT. All chemical and physical factors, except the presence of Sn^2+, were associated with dSL ( p
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Toothpaste factors related to dentine tubule occlusion and dentine protection against erosion and abrasion.
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2019Co-Authors: Samira Helena João-souza, Leticia Oba Sakae, Ana Cecilia Corrêa Aranha, Tommy Baumann, Tais Scaramucci, Adrian Lussi, Anderson T Hara, Thiago Saads CarvalhoAbstract:OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of Toothpastes on dentine surface loss and tubule occlusion, and the association of Toothpaste-related factors to each of the outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and sixty human dentine specimens were randomly distributed into 10 groups, according to different Toothpastes. The specimens were submitted to artificial saliva (60 min), citric acid (3 min), and brushing abrasion (25 s; totalizing 2 min in Toothpaste slurries). This was repeated five times and two outcome variables were analyzed: dentine surface loss (dSL; μm) and tubule occlusion by measurement of the total area of open tubules (Area-OT; μm2). Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α = 0.05); bivariate and multivariate regressions were used to model the association of the chemical (pH, concentration of F-, Ca2+, and PO43- and presence of Sn2+) and physical (% weight of solid particles, particle size, and wettability) factors of the Toothpastes to both outcome variables. RESULTS Toothpastes caused different degrees of dSL and did not differ in Area-OT. All chemical and physical factors, except the presence of Sn2+, were associated with dSL (p
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efficacy of Toothpastes in the prevention of erosive tooth wear in permanent and deciduous teeth
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2019Co-Authors: Adrian Lussi, Cristiane Meira Assuncao, Jonas De Almeida Rodrigues, Thiago Saads CarvalhoAbstract:To evaluate the erosive preventive effect of Toothpastes in permanent (PT) and deciduous teeth (dt). Enamel samples were divided into five groups (n = 20): G1: placebo Toothpaste; G2: NaF Toothpaste; G3: AmF-NaF-SnCl2 anti-erosion Toothpaste; G4: SnF2−Toothpaste; and G5: NaF anti-erosion Toothpaste for children. The samples were exposed to five erosion-abrasion cycles (artificial saliva incubation; 3 min in 1% citric acid; 2 min in slurry, toothbrush abrasion, 50 strokes, 200 g). Surface microhardness (SMH), surface specular reflection intensity (SRI), and cumulative surface loss (CSL) were measured. Comparisons among Toothpastes were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis tests and comparisons between PT and dt were evaluated using Wilcoxon’s rank sum test. G1 exhibited significantly lower SMH values in PT than the other Toothpastes (p < 0.05), with no significant differences among the others groups. In dt, G1 and G4 exhibited significantly different values than the other groups (p < 0.05). G4 exhibited lower values of SRI in both types of teeth. Deciduous teeth presented significantly higher SRI than PT (p < 0.05), except for G3. Deciduous teeth generally presented higher CSL than PT, except for G3. Deciduous teeth were more prone to mineral loss than permanent teeth. G5 exhibited better efficacy for both teeth, while G3 exhibited a better preventive effect only for deciduous teeth. Erosive tooth wear prevalence in children is growing and deciduous teeth are more susceptible than permanent teeth. Considering this, it is important to know the preventive effect of different Toothpastes in an initial erosion-abrasion model.
Carla Oliveira Favretto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hydraulic conductance of dentin after treatment with fluoride Toothpaste containing sodium trimetaphosphate microparticles or nanoparticles
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2020Co-Authors: Carla Oliveira Favretto, Priscila Toninatto Alves Toledo, Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem, Denise PedriniAbstract:Objectives To evaluate the hydraulic conductance of dentin after treatment with fluoride Toothpastes containing sodium trimetaphosphate microparticles (TMPmicro) or nanoparticles (TMPnano). Materials and methods The dentinal tubules of bovine dentin blocks (4 × 4 × 1 mm) were unobstructed for determination of the maximum hydraulic conductance of the dentin. The dentin blocks were randomized into four groups ( n = 15/group) of Toothpastes (placebo, 1100 ppm F, and 1100 with 3% TMPmicro or 3% TMPnano) which were applied for 7 days (2×/day) using a brushing machine. The dentin surface (5/group) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The hydraulic conductance post-treatment was measured in the other ten blocks. Thereafter, the same blocks were immersed in citric acid (pH 3.2) for 1 min, and the conductance was determined again. The data were submitted to 2-way ANOVA repeated measures, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test ( p < 0.05). Results The percentage conductance reduction post-treatment for the groups were placebo = 1100 ppm F < 1100 TMPnano < 1100 TMPmicro ( p < 0.001). After acid attack, the percentage reduction was placebo < 1100 ppm F < 1100 TMPnano < 1100 TMPmicro ( p < 0.001). The Toothpastes containing TMP showed the highest obliteration of dentinal tubules. Conclusions The addition of TMPmicro to fluoride Toothpaste produced a greater reduction in hydraulic conductance when compared with 1100 ppm F Toothpaste. Clinical relevance The increased capacity of Toothpastes containing TMP to reduce hydraulic conductance indicates their potential to reduce symptoms of dentinal hypersensitivity.
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Dentinal tubule obliteration using Toothpastes containing sodium trimetaphosphate microparticles or nanoparticles
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2018Co-Authors: Carla Oliveira Favretto, João Carlos Silos Moraes, Emerson Rodrigues Camargo, Priscila Toninatto Alves Toledo, Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem, Denise PedriniAbstract:ObjectivesThis in vitro study evaluated the effect of microparticles (TMPmicro) or nanoparticles (TMPnano) TMP associated with fluoride (F) in Toothpaste formulations on the obliteration of dentinal tubules (DT).Materials and methodsThe dentinal tubules of bovine dentin blocks were unobstructed by immersion in 37% phosphoric acid solution. Blocks (n = 20/group) underwent mechanical brushing (2×/day) during 7 days with Toothpastes: placebo, 1100 ppm F, and 1100 with 3% TMPmicro or 3% TMPnano. After that, ten blocks of each group were immersed in citric acid (pH 3.2) for 1 min. The number, diameter and area of unobstructed DT, atomic % of chemical elements from precipitates, and the mineral concentration were quantified. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test (P
Martin Addy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the chemical stain removal properties of whitening Toothpaste products studies in vitro
British Dental Journal, 2000Co-Authors: N Sharif, John G Hughes, Emma L Macdonald, Robert G. Newcombe, Martin AddyAbstract:Background A considerable number of Toothpastes are available as tooth whitening products. Most appear to contain ingredients that might remove extrinsic stains rather than change natural tooth colour. Extrinsic stain removal could be achieved by physical or chemical means. Aim The purpose of this study was to measure the chemical stain removal properties of a range of whitening Toothpaste products and experimental formulations using a standardised method in vitro. Materials and method 5 separate studies were conducted involving a total of 39 agents of which 28 were whitening products, 7 were experimental formulations, 2 were oxidising mouthrinses used as positive controls, 1 was a popular fluoride Toothpaste product as a benchmark control, and 1 was water as the negative control. The formulations and controls varied in each study. The stain model was saliva/chlorhexidine/tea stain developed on optically clear acrylic to an optical density of at least 2.0. Groups of stained specimens were exposed to standard slurries or solutions of each test agent for 1 minute periods up to 5 minutes. Optical density readings were taken at each 1 minute time point. Analyses were based on per cent stain remaining after 5 minutes and time to 75% stain remaining. Results 3 Toothpaste products achieved 100% stain removal by 5 minutes; 2 of these in 3 out of 4 studies in which they were used. 4 experimental formulations also achieved 100% stain removal. In general agents with high total stain removal also had short times to 75% stain remaining. The majority of agents tested had low total chemical stain removal and prolonged times to 75% stain remaining. A few agents were little different from water and several similar in effect to the conventional fluoride Toothpaste. This method in vitro tests agents under the best case scenario conditions for chemical stain removal. Conclusion Only a small number of the whitening Toothpaste products have good chemical stain removal potential; the majority are unlikely to achieve their claimed benefits through chemical stain removal. There is clearly a need for further data on the actual effects of such products using both methods in vitro and particularly in vivo or in situ.
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The effect of a commercially available triclosan-containing Toothpaste compared to a sodium-fluoride-containing Toothpaste and a chlorhexidine rinse on 4-day plaque regrowth.
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 1995Co-Authors: A. Binney, Martin Addy, S. Mckeown, L. EverattAbstract:Abstract Many compounds could be added to Toothpaste to assist plaque inhibition, but ionic interactions can cause formulation difficulties. Moreover, the actual chemical action of a plaque inhibitory agent added to a Toothpaste is difficult to assess when the product is used in the conventional manner, i.e., in addition to toothbrushing. The non-ionic antimicrobial triclosan has been incorporated in Toothpastes and shown to have variable plaque inhibitory activity both alone and in conjunction with certain polymers or metal ions. Little is known of the efficacy of triclosan Toothpastes compared to conventional fluoride Toothpastes. The aim of this study was to compare a commercially available Toothpaste containing 0.3% triclosan/co-polymer with a sodium fluoride Toothpaste for chemical plaque inhibitory effects over a 4-day period. The study was designed to stratify the relative efficacy plaque inhibitory action of the products, comparisons were made with a positive control, chlorhexidine rinse and a negative control, saline. The study design was a randomised single blind crossover design balanced for first-order carryover. A total of 18 healthy, dentate volunteers participated in the study. On day i of each period the volunteers suspended toothcleaning and rinsed 2 X daily with the allocated mouthrinse or Toothpaste slurry. On day 5, the plaque on the teeth was disclosed and scored by index and area. Increasing plaque scores were in the order chlorhexidine, triclosan Toothpaste, fluoride Toothpaste, and saline. Chlorhexidine was significantly more effective than all the other agents tested, and both Toothpaste preparations were significantly better than the saline rinse. There was no significant difference between the two Toothpaste rinses. Consistent with other studies the triclosan Toothpaste offers only moderate plaque inhibitory properties when compared to a conventional Toothpaste.
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Dentine hypersensitivity: uptake of Toothpastes onto dentine and effects of brushing, washing and dietary acid--SEM in vitro study.
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 1995Co-Authors: Elias George Absi, Martin Addy, D. AdamsAbstract:Summary Toothpastes are commonly used in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. One mode of action could be to block patent dentinal tubules with Toothpaste ingredients or by abrasion to form a smear layer. Studies in vitro have shown that tooth-paste abrasives have variable affinity for the dentine surface but retention may be limited. This SEM study extended previous work and determined the uptake in vitro of Toothpaste ingredients onto the dentine surface and their retention when challenged by washing with water or orange juice. All products were seen to leave variable residues on the surface of etched or unetched dentine specimens, furthermore brush application produced some smearing with closure of previously open tubules. Washing with water and more particularly orange juice removed most residues and orange juice etched the dentine to open previously closed tubules. One product with an artificial silica abrasive was relatively resistant to both water and orange juice washings and in a pilot experiment showed some penetration into tubules not seen with another desensitizing product. These findings suggest that some abrasives may be usefully employed in desensitizing products, but without consideration of erosive factors in the aetiology of dentine hypersensitivity recurrences of the condition will be common.
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Comparison of an herbal Toothpaste with a fluoride Toothpaste on plaque and gingivitis.
Clinical preventive dentistry, 1991Co-Authors: J. Moran, Martin Addy, Robert G. NewcombeAbstract:: An herbal/bicarbonate Toothpaste has received some attention from the public and profession following a number of studies which have reported beneficial effects of the paste on both plaque and gingivitis. The present study, one of several ongoing clinical trials, evaluated the Toothpaste in mouthrinse form using a 19-day, no oral hygiene, triple-crossover design in which it was compared with a commercial fluoride Toothpaste rinse and the antiplaque mouthrinse chlorhexidine. Over the three periods of the study an increase in plaque and gingivitis was seen for all three products. However, while significant reductions in both parameters were seen with chlorhexidine compared to the Toothpastes, there were no significant differences between the herbal and fluoride Toothpaste. From these findings it can be concluded that in the long term, the herbal/bicarbonate Toothpaste may not exert significant therapeutic effects on plaque and gingivitis beyond that of a conventional commercial paste. Nevertheless, where there is a demand for a natural product, the herbal/bicarbonate paste may be a worthwhile alternative.
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the use of acrylic to compare the abrasivitand stain removal properties of Toothpastes
Clinical Materials, 1991Co-Authors: Martin Addy, Simon Goodfield, Alan HarrisonAbstract:Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the abrasivity and stain removal properties of Toothpastes using acrylic. Acrylic blocks were exposed to 2·5 × 104 and 5·0 × 104 brush strokes with a number of Toothpastes. Abrasion measurements were made using a surfometer. Percentage stain removal with time was recorded from specimens stained by chlorhexidine and tea soaking. Pre- and post-treatment optical densities were recorded spectrophotometrically. Products were applied to specimens as slurries alone or with brushing. Depth of abrasion was ⩽ 10 μm for most Toothpastes (5 × 104 strokes). For two desensitising Toothpastes the depth reached > 40 μm. Stain removal was dependant on the duration of brushing, but at 1 min., ranged from 97% to 50% for Toothpastes and 45% for a brush and water. Slurries of Toothpaste also variably removed stain; effects at 1 min. ranged from 90% to levels similar to water, namely 5%. It is concluded that the model is a simple and reproducible method to compare oral hygiene products and allows chemical stain removal properties to be ascertained and divorced from abrasion and chemical erosion.
R P Ellwood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a randomized clinical trial of the anti caries efficacy of 5 000 compared to 1 450 ppm fluoridated Toothpaste on root caries lesions in elderly disabled nursing home residents
Caries Research, 2013Co-Authors: Kim R Ekstrand, J E Poulsen, Borge Hede, Svante Twetman, Vibeke Qvist, R P EllwoodAbstract:Root caries is prevalent in elderly disabled nursing home residents in Denmark. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of tooth brushing with 5,000 versus 1,450 ppm of fluoridated Toothpaste (F-Toothpaste) for controlling root caries in nursing home residents. The duration of the study was 8 months. Elderly disabled residents (n = 176) in 6 nursing homes in the Copenhagen area consented to take part in the study. They were randomly assigned to use one of the two Toothpastes. Both groups had their teeth brushed twice a day by the nursing staff. A total of 125 residents completed the study. Baseline and follow-up clinical examinations were performed by one calibrated examiner. Texture, contour, location and colour of root caries lesions were used to evaluate lesion activity. No differences (p values >0.16) were noted in the baseline examination with regards to age, mouth dryness, wearing of partial or full dentures in one of the jaws, occurrence of plaque and active (2.61 vs. 2.67; SD, 1.7 vs.1.8) or arrested lesions (0.62 vs. 0.63; SD, 1.7 vs. 1.7) between the 5,000 and the 1,450 ppm fluoride groups, respectively. Mean numbers of active root caries lesions at the follow-up examination were 1.05 (2.76) versus 2.55 (1.91) and mean numbers of arrested caries lesions were 2.13 (1.68) versus 0.61 (1.76) in the 5,000 and the 1,450 ppm fluoride groups, respectively (p < 0.001). To conclude, 5,000 ppm F-Toothpaste is significantly more effective for controlling root caries lesion progression and promoting remineralization compared to 1,450 ppm F-Toothpaste.
