The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Alan Buckle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Anticoagulant resistance in the united kingdom and a new guideline for the management of resistant infestations of norway rats rattus norvegicus berk
Pest Management Science, 2013Co-Authors: Alan BuckleAbstract:Anticoagulant resistance was first discovered in UK Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus Berk.) in 1958 and has been present ever since. The possible detrimental impact of resistance on effective rodent control was quickly recognised, and, for almost three decades, extensive research was conducted on the geographical distribution and severity of Anticoagulant resistance in UK rats. Various schemes for the eradication of resistant rats were also implemented. At first, surveys showed resistance only to the first-generation Anticoagulants, such as warfarin, chlorophacinone and coumatetralyl, but, later, resistance to the more potent second-generation Anticoagulants, such as difenacoum and bromadiolone, was also discovered. Unlike some European countries, where only one or two resistance mutations occur, virtually all known rat resistance mutations occur in the United Kingdom, and five (Leu128Gln, Tyr139Ser, Tyr139Cys, Tyr139Phe and Leu120Gln) are known to have significant impacts on Anticoagulant efficacy. Little is currently known of the geographical extent of Anticoagulant resistance among Norway rats in the United Kingdom because no comprehensive survey has been conducted recently. At an operational level, Anticoagulants generally retain their utility for Norway rat control, but it is impossible to control resistant rats in some areas because of restrictions on the use of the more potent resistance-breaking compounds. This paper reviews the development of resistance in Norway rats in the United Kingdom, outlines the present situation for resistance management and introduces a new resistance management guideline from the UK Rodenticide Resistance Action Group. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Francesco Violi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of Anticoagulants in patients with cirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis a systematic review and meta analysis
Gastroenterology, 2017Co-Authors: Lorenzo Loffredo, Daniele Pastori, Alessio Farcomeni, Francesco VioliAbstract:Background & Aims Liver cirrhosis is complicated by bleeding from portal hypertension but also by portal vein thrombosis (PVT). PVT occurs in approximately 20% to 50% of patients with cirrhosis, and is a warning sign for poor outcome. It is a challenge to treat patients with cirrhosis using Anticoagulants, because of the perception that the coexistent coagulopathy could promote bleeding. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effects of Anticoagulant therapy in patients with cirrhosis and PVT. Methods We searched the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases through February 14, 2017, for studies that assessed the effect of Anticoagulant therapy vs no treatment in patients with cirrhosis and PVT. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the effect of Anticoagulant treatment vs no therapy on recanalization and progression of PVT in patients with cirrhosis. We also assessed variceal and nonvariceal bleeding. Results We analyzed data from 8 studies, comprising 353 patients, that assessed the effects of Anticoagulant therapy (low-weight heparin or warfarin vs no therapy) in patients with cirrhosis and PVT; these studies reported rates of complete and partial recanalization. A significantly higher proportion of patients treated with Anticoagulants underwent PVT recanalization than patients who did not receive Anticoagulants (71% vs 42%, respectively; P P = .002). From 6 studies (comprising 225 patients), PVT progressed in 9% of patients treated with Anticoagulants vs 33% of patients who did not receive these drugs ( P P = .04). Conclusions Based on a systematic review and meta-analysis, patients with cirrhosis and PVT who receive Anticoagulant therapy have increased recanalization and reduced progression of thrombosis, compared with patients who do not receive Anticoagulants, with no excess of major and minor bleedings and less incidence of variceal bleeding.
Ann Wittkowsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pharmacology of Anticoagulants used in the treatment of venous thromboembolism
Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis, 2016Co-Authors: Edith A. Nutescu, Allison Burnett, John Fanikos, Sarah Spinler, Ann WittkowskyAbstract:Anticoagulant drugs are the foundation of therapy for patients with VTE. While effective therapeutic agents, Anticoagulants can also result in hemorrhage and other side effects. Thus, Anticoagulant therapy selection should be guided by the risks, benefits and pharmacologic characteristics of each agent for each patient. Safe use of Anticoagulants requires not only an in-depth knowledge of their pharmacologic properties but also a comprehensive approach to patient management and education. This paper will summarize the key pharmacologic properties of the Anticoagulant agents used in the treatment of patients with VTE.
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Pharmacology of Anticoagulants used in the treatment of venous thromboembolism
Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis, 2016Co-Authors: Edith A. Nutescu, Allison Burnett, John Fanikos, Sarah Spinler, Ann WittkowskyAbstract:Anticoagulant drugs are the foundation of therapy for patients with VTE. While effective therapeutic agents, Anticoagulants can also result in hemorrhage and other side effects. Thus, Anticoagulant therapy selection should be guided by the risks, benefits and pharmacologic characteristics of each agent for each patient. Safe use of Anticoagulants requires not only an in-depth knowledge of their pharmacologic properties but also a comprehensive approach to patient management and education. This paper will summarize the key pharmacologic properties of the Anticoagulant agents used in the treatment of patients with VTE.
Charles J. Fox - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Regional Anesthesia in Patients on Anticoagulation Therapies—Evidence-Based Recommendations
Current Pain and Headache Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Alan David Kaye, Andrew J. Brunk, Aaron J. Kaye, Jordan S. Renschler, Brendon M. Hart, Prathima Anandi, Shilpa Patil, Elyse M. Cornett, Charles J. FoxAbstract:Purpose of Review Anticoagulant use among patients is prevalent and increasing. It is important for anesthesiologists to be aware of patients on Anticoagulants while performing regional anesthesia. Recent Findings In recent years, the FDA has approved many new Anticoagulants. With new drugs coming to the market, new side effect profiles should be considered when treating patients, especially when using regional anesthesia. Both ASRA and European agencies have laid out recommendations regarding Anticoagulant use and neuraxial/regional techniques. Regarding newer Anticoagulants, the guidelines for discontinuation prior to neuraxial injection are based on pharmacokinetics, including half-life duration for each drug. Summary While each clinical scenario requires an individualized approach, general guidelines can serve as a starting point to help with anesthetic planning and potentially improve patient safety in this evolving field.
Marcel Levi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Emergency reversal of antithrombotic treatment
Internal and Emergency Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Marcel LeviAbstract:The most important adverse effect of antithrombotic treatment is the occurrence of bleeding. In case of serious or even life-threatening bleeding in a patient who uses Anticoagulant agents or when a patient on Anticoagulants needs to undergo an urgent invasive procedure, Anticoagulant treatment can be reversed by various specific strategies. Heparin and heparin derivatives can be counteracted by protamine sulphate, whereas the Anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonists may be neutralized by administration of vitamin K or prothrombin complex concentrates. The anti-hemostatic effect of aspirin and other anti-platelet strategies can be corrected by the administration of platelet concentrate or desmopressin, if needed. Recently, a new generation of Anticoagulants with a greater specificity towards activated coagulation factors has been introduced and most of these agents are presently being evaluated in clinical studies. The new generation Anticoagulants include specific inhibitors of factor IIa, factor Xa (including pentasaccharides) and agents that interfere with tissue factor activity. A limitation of this new class of Anticoagulants may be the lack of an appropriate strategy to reverse the effect if a bleeding event occurs, although in some cases the administration of recombinant factor VIIa may be an option.
