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Kazunori Fujii - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spatial analysis of 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Sea-Nine 211) concentrations and probabilistic risk to marine organisms in Hiroshima Bay, Japan.
Environmental Pollution, 2015Co-Authors: Kazuhiko Mochida, Toshimitsu Onduka, Takeshi Hano, Hideki Ichihashi, Haruna Amano, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Kazunori FujiiAbstract:Abstract We analyzed the spatial distribution of an Antifouling Biocide, 4,5-dichloro-2- n -octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Sea-Nine 211) in the surface water and sediments of Hiroshima Bay, Japan to determine the extent of contamination by this Biocide. A quantitative estimate of the environmental concentration distribution (ECD) and species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for marine organisms were derived by using a Bayesian statistical model to carry out a probabilistic ecological risk analysis, such as calculation of the expected potentially affected fraction (EPAF). The spatial distribution analysis supported the notion that Sea-Nine 211 is used mainly for treatment of ship hulls in Japan. The calculated EPAF suggests that approximately up to a maximum of 0.45% of marine species are influenced by the toxicity of Sea-Nine 211 in Hiroshima Bay. In addition, estimation of the ecological risk with a conventional risk quotient method indicated that the risk was a cause for concern in Hiroshima Bay.
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Toxicity of the Antifouling Biocide Sea-Nine 211 to marine algae, crustacea, and a polychaete
Fisheries Science, 2013Co-Authors: Toshimitsu Onduka, Daisuke Ojima, Kazuhiko Mochida, Kazunori FujiiAbstract:We evaluated the acute toxicity of the Antifouling Biocide Sea-Nine 211 to the algae Chaetoceros calcitrans , Dunaliella tertiolecta , Tetraselmis tetrathele , and Skeletonema costatum , the crustacea Tigriopus japonicus and Portunus trituberculatus , and the polychaete Perinereis nuntia . The algae, and especially the diatoms C . calcitrans and S . costatum , were sensitive to Sea-Nine 211 toxicity, with the average acute toxicity values being 0.32, 3.9, 1.6, 0.22, 1.6, 12, and 27 μg/l for C . calcitrans , D . tertiolecta , T . tetrathele , S . costatum , T . japonicus , P . trituberculatus , and P . nuntia , respectively. A sediment toxicity test for Sea-Nine 211 using the polychaete P . nuntia revealed demonstrated that the 14-day median lethal concentration was 110 μg/kg dry-wt sediment and that growth was the most sensitive indicator. The chronic toxicity values of Sea-Nine 211 for the diatoms C . calcitrans and S . costatum were within the range of reported Sea-Nine 211 concentrations in seawater in coastal Japan, and the toxicity values for P . nuntia were within the reported concentrations in sediment. Based on these results, Sea-Nine 211 may have toxic effects on some sensitive species residing in the coastal areas of Japan, but the ecological risk posed by Sea-Nine 211 would appear to be confined to a limited area of Japanese coastal waters.
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Toxicity of Degradation Products of the Antifouling Biocide Pyridine Triphenylborane to Marine Organisms
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Toshimitsu Onduka, Daisuke Ojima, Kazuhiko Mochida, Kazunori FujiiAbstract:We evaluated the acute toxicities of the main degradation products of pyridine triphenylborane (PTPB), namely, diphenylborane hydroxide (DPB), phenylborane dihydroxide (MPB), phenol, and biphenyl, to the alga Skeletonema costatum , the crustacean Tigriopus japonicus , and two teleosts, the red sea bream Pagrus major and the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus . DPB was the most toxic of the degradation products to all four organisms. The acute toxicity values of DPB for S . costatum , T . japonicus , red sea bream, and mummichog were 55, 70, 100, and 200–310 μg/L, respectively. The degradation products were less toxic than PTPB to S . costatum and T . japonicus ; however, the toxicities of DPB and PTPB to the fish species were similar. We also examined changes in the inhibition of growth rate of S . costatum as well as the percentage of immobilization of T . japonicus as end points of toxicity of PTPB after irradiation of PTPB with 432 ± 45 W/m^2 of 290–700 nm wavelength light. After 7 days of irradiation with this light, the concentration of PTPB in the test solutions decreased markedly. A decrease in toxic effects closely coincided with the decrease in the concentration of PTPB caused by the irradiation. PTPB probably accounted for most of the toxicity in the irradiation test solutions. Because the concentrations of PTPB that were acutely toxic to S . costatum and T . japonicus were
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toxicity of degradation products of the Antifouling Biocide pyridine triphenylborane to marine organisms
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Toshimitsu Onduka, Daisuke Ojima, Kazuhiko Mochida, Kazunori FujiiAbstract:We evaluated the acute toxicities of the main degradation products of pyridine triphenylborane (PTPB), namely, diphenylborane hydroxide (DPB), phenylborane dihydroxide (MPB), phenol, and biphenyl, to the alga Skeletonema costatum, the crustacean Tigriopus japonicus, and two teleosts, the red sea bream Pagrus major and the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus. DPB was the most toxic of the degradation products to all four organisms. The acute toxicity values of DPB for S. costatum, T. japonicus, red sea bream, and mummichog were 55, 70, 100, and 200–310 μg/L, respectively. The degradation products were less toxic than PTPB to S. costatum and T. japonicus; however, the toxicities of DPB and PTPB to the fish species were similar. We also examined changes in the inhibition of growth rate of S. costatum as well as the percentage of immobilization of T. japonicus as end points of toxicity of PTPB after irradiation of PTPB with 432 ± 45 W/m2 of 290–700 nm wavelength light. After 7 days of irradiation with this light, the concentration of PTPB in the test solutions decreased markedly. A decrease in toxic effects closely coincided with the decrease in the concentration of PTPB caused by the irradiation. PTPB probably accounted for most of the toxicity in the irradiation test solutions. Because the concentrations of PTPB that were acutely toxic to S. costatum and T. japonicus were <10 % of the corresponding concentrations of its degradation products, PTPB probably accounted for most of the toxicity in the irradiation test solutions.
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induction of apoptosis in testis of the marine teleost mummichog fundulus heteroclitus after in vivo exposure to the Antifouling Biocide 4 5 dichloro 2 n octyl 3 2h isothiazolone sea nine 211
Chemosphere, 2013Co-Authors: Kazuhiko Mochida, Toshimitsu Onduka, Kazunori FujiiAbstract:4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone (Sea-Nine 211) has been widely used as an effective Antifouling Biocide. However, little is known about its reproductive toxicity in fish. Here we investigated testicular toxicity in a marine teleost, the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus, after exposure to Sea-Nine 211 for 28 d. Although Sea-Nine 211 exposure did not affect germ cell proliferation in testis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxy-UTP nick-end labeling revealed that the number of apoptotic spermatocytes was increased in the 1.0- and 3.0-μg L−1 groups, and significant differences emerged between the 1.0-μg L−1 group and control groups. Immunohistochemistry showed that the numbers of cysts expressing caspases 2, 3, 6, and 8 (apoptosis-associated proteins) were significantly increased in the 1.0-μg L−1 group, whereas the signal intensity of an anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the number of cysts positive for neuronal nitric oxide synthase was twofold higher in the 1.0-μg L−1 group than in the control groups. These results suggest that long-term exposure to Sea-Nine 211 induces apoptosis in the testicular germ cells of mummichogs via a caspase-dependent pathway and that oxidative stress via nitric oxide synthesized by neuronal nitric oxide synthase is involved in this induction.
Kazuhiko Mochida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ecological risk assessment of an Antifouling Biocide triphenyl octadecylamine boron in the seto inland sea japan
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2020Co-Authors: Toshimitsu Onduka, Takeshi Hano, Kumiko Kono, Nobuyuki Ohkubo, Kazuhiko MochidaAbstract:Abstract In this study, we derived the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) for triphenyl (octadecylamine) boron (TPB-18) and investigated the occurrence of triphenylboranes (TPBs), including TPB-18, for ecological risk assessment in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. We tested algal growth inhibition, crustacean immobilization, and reproductive toxicity and performed toxicity tests in fish to assess acute and chronic toxicity and generate the PNEC for TPB-18. The minimum toxicity value was 0.30 μg/L, as determined by the 72-h no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) for the alga Chaetoceros gracilis. The 5th-percentile of hazardous concentration (HC5), derived from NOECs using the species sensitivity distributions approach, was 0.059 μg/L, which indicated the PNEC of 0.0059 μg/L. In comparison, the highest concentration in seawater sampled from the Seto Inland Sea was 0.00034 μg/L, suggesting that the ecological risks posed by TPB-18 are currently low.
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Spatial analysis of 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Sea-Nine 211) concentrations and probabilistic risk to marine organisms in Hiroshima Bay, Japan.
Environmental Pollution, 2015Co-Authors: Kazuhiko Mochida, Toshimitsu Onduka, Takeshi Hano, Hideki Ichihashi, Haruna Amano, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Kazunori FujiiAbstract:Abstract We analyzed the spatial distribution of an Antifouling Biocide, 4,5-dichloro-2- n -octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Sea-Nine 211) in the surface water and sediments of Hiroshima Bay, Japan to determine the extent of contamination by this Biocide. A quantitative estimate of the environmental concentration distribution (ECD) and species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for marine organisms were derived by using a Bayesian statistical model to carry out a probabilistic ecological risk analysis, such as calculation of the expected potentially affected fraction (EPAF). The spatial distribution analysis supported the notion that Sea-Nine 211 is used mainly for treatment of ship hulls in Japan. The calculated EPAF suggests that approximately up to a maximum of 0.45% of marine species are influenced by the toxicity of Sea-Nine 211 in Hiroshima Bay. In addition, estimation of the ecological risk with a conventional risk quotient method indicated that the risk was a cause for concern in Hiroshima Bay.
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Toxicity of the Antifouling Biocide Sea-Nine 211 to marine algae, crustacea, and a polychaete
Fisheries Science, 2013Co-Authors: Toshimitsu Onduka, Daisuke Ojima, Kazuhiko Mochida, Kazunori FujiiAbstract:We evaluated the acute toxicity of the Antifouling Biocide Sea-Nine 211 to the algae Chaetoceros calcitrans , Dunaliella tertiolecta , Tetraselmis tetrathele , and Skeletonema costatum , the crustacea Tigriopus japonicus and Portunus trituberculatus , and the polychaete Perinereis nuntia . The algae, and especially the diatoms C . calcitrans and S . costatum , were sensitive to Sea-Nine 211 toxicity, with the average acute toxicity values being 0.32, 3.9, 1.6, 0.22, 1.6, 12, and 27 μg/l for C . calcitrans , D . tertiolecta , T . tetrathele , S . costatum , T . japonicus , P . trituberculatus , and P . nuntia , respectively. A sediment toxicity test for Sea-Nine 211 using the polychaete P . nuntia revealed demonstrated that the 14-day median lethal concentration was 110 μg/kg dry-wt sediment and that growth was the most sensitive indicator. The chronic toxicity values of Sea-Nine 211 for the diatoms C . calcitrans and S . costatum were within the range of reported Sea-Nine 211 concentrations in seawater in coastal Japan, and the toxicity values for P . nuntia were within the reported concentrations in sediment. Based on these results, Sea-Nine 211 may have toxic effects on some sensitive species residing in the coastal areas of Japan, but the ecological risk posed by Sea-Nine 211 would appear to be confined to a limited area of Japanese coastal waters.
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Toxicity of Degradation Products of the Antifouling Biocide Pyridine Triphenylborane to Marine Organisms
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Toshimitsu Onduka, Daisuke Ojima, Kazuhiko Mochida, Kazunori FujiiAbstract:We evaluated the acute toxicities of the main degradation products of pyridine triphenylborane (PTPB), namely, diphenylborane hydroxide (DPB), phenylborane dihydroxide (MPB), phenol, and biphenyl, to the alga Skeletonema costatum , the crustacean Tigriopus japonicus , and two teleosts, the red sea bream Pagrus major and the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus . DPB was the most toxic of the degradation products to all four organisms. The acute toxicity values of DPB for S . costatum , T . japonicus , red sea bream, and mummichog were 55, 70, 100, and 200–310 μg/L, respectively. The degradation products were less toxic than PTPB to S . costatum and T . japonicus ; however, the toxicities of DPB and PTPB to the fish species were similar. We also examined changes in the inhibition of growth rate of S . costatum as well as the percentage of immobilization of T . japonicus as end points of toxicity of PTPB after irradiation of PTPB with 432 ± 45 W/m^2 of 290–700 nm wavelength light. After 7 days of irradiation with this light, the concentration of PTPB in the test solutions decreased markedly. A decrease in toxic effects closely coincided with the decrease in the concentration of PTPB caused by the irradiation. PTPB probably accounted for most of the toxicity in the irradiation test solutions. Because the concentrations of PTPB that were acutely toxic to S . costatum and T . japonicus were
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toxicity of degradation products of the Antifouling Biocide pyridine triphenylborane to marine organisms
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Toshimitsu Onduka, Daisuke Ojima, Kazuhiko Mochida, Kazunori FujiiAbstract:We evaluated the acute toxicities of the main degradation products of pyridine triphenylborane (PTPB), namely, diphenylborane hydroxide (DPB), phenylborane dihydroxide (MPB), phenol, and biphenyl, to the alga Skeletonema costatum, the crustacean Tigriopus japonicus, and two teleosts, the red sea bream Pagrus major and the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus. DPB was the most toxic of the degradation products to all four organisms. The acute toxicity values of DPB for S. costatum, T. japonicus, red sea bream, and mummichog were 55, 70, 100, and 200–310 μg/L, respectively. The degradation products were less toxic than PTPB to S. costatum and T. japonicus; however, the toxicities of DPB and PTPB to the fish species were similar. We also examined changes in the inhibition of growth rate of S. costatum as well as the percentage of immobilization of T. japonicus as end points of toxicity of PTPB after irradiation of PTPB with 432 ± 45 W/m2 of 290–700 nm wavelength light. After 7 days of irradiation with this light, the concentration of PTPB in the test solutions decreased markedly. A decrease in toxic effects closely coincided with the decrease in the concentration of PTPB caused by the irradiation. PTPB probably accounted for most of the toxicity in the irradiation test solutions. Because the concentrations of PTPB that were acutely toxic to S. costatum and T. japonicus were <10 % of the corresponding concentrations of its degradation products, PTPB probably accounted for most of the toxicity in the irradiation test solutions.
Toshimitsu Onduka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ecological risk assessment of an Antifouling Biocide triphenyl octadecylamine boron in the seto inland sea japan
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2020Co-Authors: Toshimitsu Onduka, Takeshi Hano, Kumiko Kono, Nobuyuki Ohkubo, Kazuhiko MochidaAbstract:Abstract In this study, we derived the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) for triphenyl (octadecylamine) boron (TPB-18) and investigated the occurrence of triphenylboranes (TPBs), including TPB-18, for ecological risk assessment in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. We tested algal growth inhibition, crustacean immobilization, and reproductive toxicity and performed toxicity tests in fish to assess acute and chronic toxicity and generate the PNEC for TPB-18. The minimum toxicity value was 0.30 μg/L, as determined by the 72-h no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) for the alga Chaetoceros gracilis. The 5th-percentile of hazardous concentration (HC5), derived from NOECs using the species sensitivity distributions approach, was 0.059 μg/L, which indicated the PNEC of 0.0059 μg/L. In comparison, the highest concentration in seawater sampled from the Seto Inland Sea was 0.00034 μg/L, suggesting that the ecological risks posed by TPB-18 are currently low.
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Spatial analysis of 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Sea-Nine 211) concentrations and probabilistic risk to marine organisms in Hiroshima Bay, Japan.
Environmental Pollution, 2015Co-Authors: Kazuhiko Mochida, Toshimitsu Onduka, Takeshi Hano, Hideki Ichihashi, Haruna Amano, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Kazunori FujiiAbstract:Abstract We analyzed the spatial distribution of an Antifouling Biocide, 4,5-dichloro-2- n -octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Sea-Nine 211) in the surface water and sediments of Hiroshima Bay, Japan to determine the extent of contamination by this Biocide. A quantitative estimate of the environmental concentration distribution (ECD) and species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for marine organisms were derived by using a Bayesian statistical model to carry out a probabilistic ecological risk analysis, such as calculation of the expected potentially affected fraction (EPAF). The spatial distribution analysis supported the notion that Sea-Nine 211 is used mainly for treatment of ship hulls in Japan. The calculated EPAF suggests that approximately up to a maximum of 0.45% of marine species are influenced by the toxicity of Sea-Nine 211 in Hiroshima Bay. In addition, estimation of the ecological risk with a conventional risk quotient method indicated that the risk was a cause for concern in Hiroshima Bay.
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Toxicity of the Antifouling Biocide Sea-Nine 211 to marine algae, crustacea, and a polychaete
Fisheries Science, 2013Co-Authors: Toshimitsu Onduka, Daisuke Ojima, Kazuhiko Mochida, Kazunori FujiiAbstract:We evaluated the acute toxicity of the Antifouling Biocide Sea-Nine 211 to the algae Chaetoceros calcitrans , Dunaliella tertiolecta , Tetraselmis tetrathele , and Skeletonema costatum , the crustacea Tigriopus japonicus and Portunus trituberculatus , and the polychaete Perinereis nuntia . The algae, and especially the diatoms C . calcitrans and S . costatum , were sensitive to Sea-Nine 211 toxicity, with the average acute toxicity values being 0.32, 3.9, 1.6, 0.22, 1.6, 12, and 27 μg/l for C . calcitrans , D . tertiolecta , T . tetrathele , S . costatum , T . japonicus , P . trituberculatus , and P . nuntia , respectively. A sediment toxicity test for Sea-Nine 211 using the polychaete P . nuntia revealed demonstrated that the 14-day median lethal concentration was 110 μg/kg dry-wt sediment and that growth was the most sensitive indicator. The chronic toxicity values of Sea-Nine 211 for the diatoms C . calcitrans and S . costatum were within the range of reported Sea-Nine 211 concentrations in seawater in coastal Japan, and the toxicity values for P . nuntia were within the reported concentrations in sediment. Based on these results, Sea-Nine 211 may have toxic effects on some sensitive species residing in the coastal areas of Japan, but the ecological risk posed by Sea-Nine 211 would appear to be confined to a limited area of Japanese coastal waters.
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Toxicity of Degradation Products of the Antifouling Biocide Pyridine Triphenylborane to Marine Organisms
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Toshimitsu Onduka, Daisuke Ojima, Kazuhiko Mochida, Kazunori FujiiAbstract:We evaluated the acute toxicities of the main degradation products of pyridine triphenylborane (PTPB), namely, diphenylborane hydroxide (DPB), phenylborane dihydroxide (MPB), phenol, and biphenyl, to the alga Skeletonema costatum , the crustacean Tigriopus japonicus , and two teleosts, the red sea bream Pagrus major and the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus . DPB was the most toxic of the degradation products to all four organisms. The acute toxicity values of DPB for S . costatum , T . japonicus , red sea bream, and mummichog were 55, 70, 100, and 200–310 μg/L, respectively. The degradation products were less toxic than PTPB to S . costatum and T . japonicus ; however, the toxicities of DPB and PTPB to the fish species were similar. We also examined changes in the inhibition of growth rate of S . costatum as well as the percentage of immobilization of T . japonicus as end points of toxicity of PTPB after irradiation of PTPB with 432 ± 45 W/m^2 of 290–700 nm wavelength light. After 7 days of irradiation with this light, the concentration of PTPB in the test solutions decreased markedly. A decrease in toxic effects closely coincided with the decrease in the concentration of PTPB caused by the irradiation. PTPB probably accounted for most of the toxicity in the irradiation test solutions. Because the concentrations of PTPB that were acutely toxic to S . costatum and T . japonicus were
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toxicity of degradation products of the Antifouling Biocide pyridine triphenylborane to marine organisms
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Toshimitsu Onduka, Daisuke Ojima, Kazuhiko Mochida, Kazunori FujiiAbstract:We evaluated the acute toxicities of the main degradation products of pyridine triphenylborane (PTPB), namely, diphenylborane hydroxide (DPB), phenylborane dihydroxide (MPB), phenol, and biphenyl, to the alga Skeletonema costatum, the crustacean Tigriopus japonicus, and two teleosts, the red sea bream Pagrus major and the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus. DPB was the most toxic of the degradation products to all four organisms. The acute toxicity values of DPB for S. costatum, T. japonicus, red sea bream, and mummichog were 55, 70, 100, and 200–310 μg/L, respectively. The degradation products were less toxic than PTPB to S. costatum and T. japonicus; however, the toxicities of DPB and PTPB to the fish species were similar. We also examined changes in the inhibition of growth rate of S. costatum as well as the percentage of immobilization of T. japonicus as end points of toxicity of PTPB after irradiation of PTPB with 432 ± 45 W/m2 of 290–700 nm wavelength light. After 7 days of irradiation with this light, the concentration of PTPB in the test solutions decreased markedly. A decrease in toxic effects closely coincided with the decrease in the concentration of PTPB caused by the irradiation. PTPB probably accounted for most of the toxicity in the irradiation test solutions. Because the concentrations of PTPB that were acutely toxic to S. costatum and T. japonicus were <10 % of the corresponding concentrations of its degradation products, PTPB probably accounted for most of the toxicity in the irradiation test solutions.
Jaesung Rhee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of sublethal concentrations of the Antifouling Biocide sea nine on biochemical parameters of the marine polychaete perinereis aibuhitensis
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology, 2019Co-Authors: Md Niamul Haque, Jaesung RheeAbstract:Abstract Sea-Nine™ 211 is an emerging Biocide that has an adverse impact on aquatic environments. In this study, the marine polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis was exposed to Sea-Nine (0.1, 1, and 10 μg L−1), and acute toxicity and biochemical responses such as changes in the intracellular contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) and enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were evaluated over a period of 14 d. Determined median lethal doses, LC50 were 268 μg L−1, 142 μg L−1, and 55 μg L−1 at 24 h, 96 h, and 14 d, respectively. The MDA content increased significantly in a dose- and time-dependent manner, indicative of lipid peroxidation-related oxidative damage. Significantly higher intracellular GSH levels and antioxidant defense-related enzyme (CAT, SOD, GPx, GR, and GST) activities were observed after exposure to 10 μg L−1 Sea-Nine. In contrast, Sea-Nine treatment significantly reduced AChE activity at the highest concentration of Sea-Nine used (10 μg L−1). Taken together, these results indicate that sublethal concentrations of Sea-Nine are toxic to marine polychaetes through potential lipid peroxidation, induction of oxidative stress, and modulation of the cholinergic system. Our results can contribute to biomonitoring of aquatic environments and ecotoxicological research through the measurements of polychaete cellular defenses against waterborne Biocides.
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constant exposure to environmental concentrations of the Antifouling Biocide sea nine retards growth and reduces acetylcholinesterase activity in a marine mysid
Aquatic Toxicology, 2018Co-Authors: Jeong Wan Do, Md Niamul Haque, Jaesung Rhee, Junghoon Kang, Jeehyun JungAbstract:Abstract Sea-Nine (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazoline3-one; DCOIT) antifoulant has been widely used owing to its broad spectrum of Biocide activity against major fouling organisms. In this study, several physiological parameters of a marine mysid were analyzed upon exposure to sublethal environmental concentrations (1 and 100 ng L−1) of Sea-Nine in two exposure conditions, intermittent (weekly; once per week) and constant (daily; once per 24 h) exposure, for 4 weeks. In both experimental conditions, growth retardation, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, and number of newborn juveniles as second generation, together with their survival were measured. Morphometric parameters of total body, antennal scale, exopod, endopod, and telson were significantly retarded by 22%, 14%, 13%, and 24%, respectively, by daily exposure to 100 ng L−1 Sea-Nine for 4 weeks. Significant inhibition of AChE activity was observed at week 4 in the 100 ng L−1 daily Sea-Nine-exposed groups, whereas no significant GST activity was measured at the same experimental conditions. Inhibition of AChE activity would be associated with impairment of cholinergic system and may adversely modulate growth parameters of the mysid. The number of newly hatched juveniles from females that were exposed daily to 100 ng L−1 Sea-Nine was significantly lower than that of the control. Although no significant differences were observed between survival percentages of newborn juveniles for 30 days, mortality (NOEC and LC50) increased in the surviving offspring from the 100 ng L−1-exposed 1st generation of mysids. These findings suggested that constant exposure to Sea-Nine has detrimental effects on the growth parameters of marine mysids with inhibition of AChE activity.
Md Niamul Haque - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of sublethal concentrations of the Antifouling Biocide sea nine on biochemical parameters of the marine polychaete perinereis aibuhitensis
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology, 2019Co-Authors: Md Niamul Haque, Jaesung RheeAbstract:Abstract Sea-Nine™ 211 is an emerging Biocide that has an adverse impact on aquatic environments. In this study, the marine polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis was exposed to Sea-Nine (0.1, 1, and 10 μg L−1), and acute toxicity and biochemical responses such as changes in the intracellular contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) and enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were evaluated over a period of 14 d. Determined median lethal doses, LC50 were 268 μg L−1, 142 μg L−1, and 55 μg L−1 at 24 h, 96 h, and 14 d, respectively. The MDA content increased significantly in a dose- and time-dependent manner, indicative of lipid peroxidation-related oxidative damage. Significantly higher intracellular GSH levels and antioxidant defense-related enzyme (CAT, SOD, GPx, GR, and GST) activities were observed after exposure to 10 μg L−1 Sea-Nine. In contrast, Sea-Nine treatment significantly reduced AChE activity at the highest concentration of Sea-Nine used (10 μg L−1). Taken together, these results indicate that sublethal concentrations of Sea-Nine are toxic to marine polychaetes through potential lipid peroxidation, induction of oxidative stress, and modulation of the cholinergic system. Our results can contribute to biomonitoring of aquatic environments and ecotoxicological research through the measurements of polychaete cellular defenses against waterborne Biocides.
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constant exposure to environmental concentrations of the Antifouling Biocide sea nine retards growth and reduces acetylcholinesterase activity in a marine mysid
Aquatic Toxicology, 2018Co-Authors: Jeong Wan Do, Md Niamul Haque, Jaesung Rhee, Junghoon Kang, Jeehyun JungAbstract:Abstract Sea-Nine (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazoline3-one; DCOIT) antifoulant has been widely used owing to its broad spectrum of Biocide activity against major fouling organisms. In this study, several physiological parameters of a marine mysid were analyzed upon exposure to sublethal environmental concentrations (1 and 100 ng L−1) of Sea-Nine in two exposure conditions, intermittent (weekly; once per week) and constant (daily; once per 24 h) exposure, for 4 weeks. In both experimental conditions, growth retardation, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, and number of newborn juveniles as second generation, together with their survival were measured. Morphometric parameters of total body, antennal scale, exopod, endopod, and telson were significantly retarded by 22%, 14%, 13%, and 24%, respectively, by daily exposure to 100 ng L−1 Sea-Nine for 4 weeks. Significant inhibition of AChE activity was observed at week 4 in the 100 ng L−1 daily Sea-Nine-exposed groups, whereas no significant GST activity was measured at the same experimental conditions. Inhibition of AChE activity would be associated with impairment of cholinergic system and may adversely modulate growth parameters of the mysid. The number of newly hatched juveniles from females that were exposed daily to 100 ng L−1 Sea-Nine was significantly lower than that of the control. Although no significant differences were observed between survival percentages of newborn juveniles for 30 days, mortality (NOEC and LC50) increased in the surviving offspring from the 100 ng L−1-exposed 1st generation of mysids. These findings suggested that constant exposure to Sea-Nine has detrimental effects on the growth parameters of marine mysids with inhibition of AChE activity.