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Landesanstalt Fuer Umweltschutz Baden-wuerttemberg, Karlsruhe Informationsdienste - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • MTBE-Fachgespraech: Umweltbelastungen durch die Nutzung von MTBE (Methyl-tertiaer-butylether) als Kraftstoffzusatz Tagungsband
    2002
    Co-Authors: Landesanstalt Fuer Umweltschutz Baden-wuerttemberg, Karlsruhe Informationsdienste
    Abstract:

    MTBE ist eine leichtfluechtige, gut wasserloesliche, sauerstoffhaltige Fluessigkeit mit hoher Oktanzahl. Es sorbiert fast nicht an die Bodenmatrix, ist sehr schlecht biologisch abbaubar und bewegt sich im Grundwasser praktisch mit der gleichen Geschwindigkeit wie das Grundwasser selbst. Aufgrund dieser Eigenschaften stellt MTBE eine Gefahr fuer das Grundwasser dar. Problematisch aus Sicht der Wasserversorgung ist die niedrige Geruchs- und Geschmacksschwelle von MTBE, weshalb kontaminiertes Wasser nicht mehr als Trinkwasser brauchbar ist. MTBE wird seit Mitte der 70er Jahre in den USA und seit Anfang der 80er Jahre in Deutschland dem Benzin zugesetzt, um die Klopffestigkeit zu verbessern. Der MTBE-Gehalt haengt von der Benzin-Qualitaet ab: Waehrend Normalbenzin bei uns durchschnittlich 0,3% und Super 1,6% MTBE enthalten, liegen die Werte fuer SuperPlus und Optimax bei etwa 6-12% Vol-%. In neun Fachvortraegen und einer ausfuehrlichen Diskussionsrunde, die in dem vorliegenden Tagungsband wiedergegeben sind, wurden Messdaten zur Konzentration von MTBE in Luft, Niederschlag, Oberflaechen- und Grundwasser vorgestellt und die Moeglichkeiten einer Modellbildung eroertert. Die Teilnehmer des Fachgespraechs waren sich einig, dass die derzeitige Datenlage und die Kenntnisse zum Vorkommen und zu den Verbreitungswegen von MTBE in den Umweltmedien keinesfalls geeignet sind, abschliessend Entwarnung zu geben und eine Grundwassergefaehrdung durch MTBE auszuschliessen. (orig.)MTBE is a volatile, water-soluble, oxygen-containing liquid with a high octane Rating. It hardly absorbs to the soil matrix, is hardly degradable by biological means, and moves in groundwater at practically the same speed as the groundwater itself. This makes it an important groundwater hazard. The main problem is the low taste and smell threshold concentration of MTBE, because of which contaminated water is unfit for drinking. MTBE has been used as a fuel additive in the USA since the seventies and in Germany since the eighties for a better Antiknock Rating. MTBE concentrations depend on the fuel quality, ranging from 0.3 percent in normal gasoline and 1.6 percent in super gasoline to 6-12 percent by volume in SuperPlus and Optimax fuels. At this conference, which comprised nine lectures and a round of detailed discussions, measured concentrations of MTBE in air, precipitations, surface water and groundwater were presented, and the possibilities of modelling were discussed. The attendants of the meeting agreed that in view of the available data and at the present state of knowledge concerning the sources and fate of MTBE in environmental media, MTBE cannot be excluded as a groundwater pollutant. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

G.r. Verga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chapter 6 The O-FID and its applications in petroleum product analysis
    Journal of chromatography library, 1995
    Co-Authors: Annalisa Sironi, G.r. Verga
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary This chapter discusses O-FID and its applications in petroleum product analysis. The O-FID, originally described as a stand-alone gas chromatography (GC) device, was primarily used for determining oxygenated Antiknock additives in modern fuels in response to the growing demand for analytic procedures to comply with the requirements of quality control and process development in the petroleum industry. The O-FID method satisfies the requirements for processing gasoline samples with a single-column, direct injection, valveless GC procedure for quantifying oxygenates. Oxygenated enhancers of either natural or industrial origin are used as fuel components because their premium Antiknock Rating enables the preparation of unleaded gasolines with high octane number suitable for high-efficiency engines. In addition, their reactivity and combustion properties provide a significant reduction of emitted pollutants with evident advantages for the environment. When oxygenated compounds are used as neat fuels, they can easily replace gasoline in cars causing a marked reduction of ozone, and when used in place of diesel fuels, they contribute to a considerable reduction of particulate and NOx emissions.

Annalisa Sironi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chapter 6 The O-FID and its applications in petroleum product analysis
    Journal of chromatography library, 1995
    Co-Authors: Annalisa Sironi, G.r. Verga
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary This chapter discusses O-FID and its applications in petroleum product analysis. The O-FID, originally described as a stand-alone gas chromatography (GC) device, was primarily used for determining oxygenated Antiknock additives in modern fuels in response to the growing demand for analytic procedures to comply with the requirements of quality control and process development in the petroleum industry. The O-FID method satisfies the requirements for processing gasoline samples with a single-column, direct injection, valveless GC procedure for quantifying oxygenates. Oxygenated enhancers of either natural or industrial origin are used as fuel components because their premium Antiknock Rating enables the preparation of unleaded gasolines with high octane number suitable for high-efficiency engines. In addition, their reactivity and combustion properties provide a significant reduction of emitted pollutants with evident advantages for the environment. When oxygenated compounds are used as neat fuels, they can easily replace gasoline in cars causing a marked reduction of ozone, and when used in place of diesel fuels, they contribute to a considerable reduction of particulate and NOx emissions.

Бойченко, Сергій Валерійович - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Environmentally clean reformulated aviation gasoline
    'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2018
    Co-Authors: Кондакова, Олеся Геннадіївна, Бойченко, Сергій Валерійович
    Abstract:

    1. Boychenko, S.V., Boychenko, M.S., Boar, S.N., Lychmanenko, O.G. Effect of additives on properties of aliphatic alcohols gasoline: Analytical review (2015) Science-Intensive Technologies, 1 (25), pp. 86-92. 2. Boychenko, S. Causal analysis of aviation gasoline modification (2015) Proceedings of the National Transport University, 2 (32), pp. 3-13. In S.V. Boychenko, Lady K, O.G. Lychmanenko (Eds.). Series "Engineering". Scientific and technical collection 3. Danilov, A.M. (2000) Application additives in fuel for cars: Ref, 232. ed. A.M. Danilov. Chemistry, ill 4. Asyaev, A.N. Study effect of alcohol quality and composition uhlevodorodnoy fraction on physico-chemicals and àkspluatatsyonnble indicators byoàtanolnoho fuel E85 (2010) Technologies of oil and gas, 4, pp. 24-27. In A.N. Asyaev, V.E. Emelyanov, E.A. Nikitin (Eds.) 5. Bondarenko, K. Prospects for the introduction of alternative fuels in aviation (2011) Avyatsyonno kosmycheskaya-technics and technologies, 9 (86), pp. 76-80. In K.V. Bondarenko, S.V. Boychenko, V.G. Semenov (Eds.) 6. Onoychenko, S.M. (2000) , p. 168. Research and development tracks unleaded petrol containing ethanol, dis. . . Candidate Sc. Science.: 05.17.07/Onoychenko Svetlana. M 7. Vdovin, V. Modification of aviation gasoline by adding aliphatic alcohols: Literature review (2014) Open consumer information and computer yntehryrovannble Technology, 64, pp. 164-171. In V.S. Vdovin, K.V. Bondarenko (Eds. 8. (2008) , p. 22. Market research biomethanol and its derivatives: [analyte. Report/Research. Techart]. M 9. Lotko, V., Lukanin V.N.Khachiyan, A.S. Use of alternative fuels in internal combustion engines (2000) , p. 311. MADI (TU) 10. Karpov, S.A., Kunashev, L.H. emonstrate how the aliphatic alcohols as environmentally friendly additives in car. Oil and gas business 2 (2006) The magazine Access http://ogbus.ru/ 11. Ablaev, A.P. Biofuels: Thinking outside of the oil pipe, A.P. Ablaev, Ecologist (2009) , (2), pp. 23-26. Vestnik. Russia 12. Polunkyn, E.V., Kamenev, T.N., Pylyavskyy, V.S. Operational properties of alternative motor fuels on the basis of oxygenates (2012) Catalysis and neftehymyya, 20, pp. 70-74. 13. Pylyavskyy, V.S., Gaidai, O.O., Kyrpach, K.O. Operational properties of alternative motor fuels on the basis of oxygenates (2012) Catalysis and neftehymyya, 21, pp. 162-166. 14. Gaidai, O.O. Environmental and operational characteristics of biological motor fuel E- 85 [electronic resource] (2011) Collected articles "Third Ukrainian Congress ecologists with international participation." Ball, 1, pp. 308-310. In A.A. Gaidai, Zubenko S.A., Polunkin E.V., Pylyavskyy V.S. (Eds.). Access http://eco.com.ua/ 15. Imankulov, N.N. Biobutanol - alternative motor fuel substitute (2010) Scientific Bulletin of the southern region, 5-6 (35-36), pp. 3-7. In N.N. Imankulov (Ed.) 16. Vnukovo, N.V. Alternative fuel type yak basis resursozberezhennya i ekobezpeki road vehicles (2011) Alternative energy sources, 9 (91), pp. 45-55. In N.V. Vnukovo, M.V. Barun (Eds.) 17. Ershov, M.A. (2012) Research biobutanol as a high octane gasoline component: avtopef.dis. for the degree of CAD. those. Sciences: spec. 05.17.07, "Chemical technology of fuel and high-energy substances" MA Ershov. 27. 18. Boychenko, S.V., Kuchma, N.M., Efimenko, V., Titov, A.S., Chernyak, L.M. (2006) Chemmotology: Teach method, p. 160. manual. K: portrait water-in NAU 19. Levinter, M.E., Akhmetov, S. (1992) Deep processing of oil: A manual for schools, p. 224. M.: Chemistry: silt 20. Smyshlyaeva, Y.A., Ivanchina, E.D., Kravtsov, A.V., Zuong, C.H.T., Fan, F. Development of a database on the octane number of a mathematical model of the process of compounding of commercial gasoline (2011) Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University, 318 (3), pp. 75-80. Цитировано 2 раз. 21. Gureev, A.A. Production of high octane gasoline/ (1981) . In A.A. Gora, Y.M. Zhorov, E.V. Smidovich. Moscow: Chemistry 22. Boichenko, S., Lejda, K., Lychmanenko, O., Boichenko, M., Reshetilowski, V. Modification of aviation gasoline with aliphatic alcohols additives: An analytical review of prospects (2015) Internationl Journal Sustainable Aviation, 1 (4), pp. 324-332. 23. Lychmanenko, O.G. Pespektyvy reformulovanyh aviation gasoline (2015) Systemy i srodki transportu samochodowego: Wibrane zagadnienia, pp. 251-256. In O. Lychmanenko, S. Boychenko, K. Lady (Eds.). Monografia No 6. Seria: Transport. Rzesow (Poland)Traditionally components of aviation gasoline are produced by various technological processes. The basic fractions of aviation gasoline are straight gasoline distillation of crude oil and catalytic reforming, cracking, and blending. The main components are high-octane alkylate, technical isooctane, toluene, pirobenzol, alkylbenzene, and ethyl fluid. The main indicator of the quality of gasoline is its Antiknock Rating. This ability to burn fuel without detonation of reciprocating engines with spark ignition, which is estimated octane number and describe the operational and environmental characteristics of transport. To provide Antiknock Rating and high octane number for aviation fuel, add different Antiknock additives. The most effective now is tetraethyl lead (TEL). Today all the known brands of aviation gasoline used TEL as Antiknock additive despite its toxicity. Therefore, development of new environmentally safe aviation gasoline is a topical modern problem that needs solving

Кондакова, Олеся Геннадіївна - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Environmentally clean reformulated aviation gasoline
    'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2018
    Co-Authors: Кондакова, Олеся Геннадіївна, Бойченко, Сергій Валерійович
    Abstract:

    1. Boychenko, S.V., Boychenko, M.S., Boar, S.N., Lychmanenko, O.G. Effect of additives on properties of aliphatic alcohols gasoline: Analytical review (2015) Science-Intensive Technologies, 1 (25), pp. 86-92. 2. Boychenko, S. Causal analysis of aviation gasoline modification (2015) Proceedings of the National Transport University, 2 (32), pp. 3-13. In S.V. Boychenko, Lady K, O.G. Lychmanenko (Eds.). Series "Engineering". Scientific and technical collection 3. Danilov, A.M. (2000) Application additives in fuel for cars: Ref, 232. ed. A.M. Danilov. Chemistry, ill 4. Asyaev, A.N. Study effect of alcohol quality and composition uhlevodorodnoy fraction on physico-chemicals and àkspluatatsyonnble indicators byoàtanolnoho fuel E85 (2010) Technologies of oil and gas, 4, pp. 24-27. In A.N. Asyaev, V.E. Emelyanov, E.A. Nikitin (Eds.) 5. Bondarenko, K. Prospects for the introduction of alternative fuels in aviation (2011) Avyatsyonno kosmycheskaya-technics and technologies, 9 (86), pp. 76-80. In K.V. Bondarenko, S.V. Boychenko, V.G. Semenov (Eds.) 6. Onoychenko, S.M. (2000) , p. 168. Research and development tracks unleaded petrol containing ethanol, dis. . . Candidate Sc. Science.: 05.17.07/Onoychenko Svetlana. M 7. Vdovin, V. Modification of aviation gasoline by adding aliphatic alcohols: Literature review (2014) Open consumer information and computer yntehryrovannble Technology, 64, pp. 164-171. In V.S. Vdovin, K.V. Bondarenko (Eds. 8. (2008) , p. 22. Market research biomethanol and its derivatives: [analyte. Report/Research. Techart]. M 9. Lotko, V., Lukanin V.N.Khachiyan, A.S. Use of alternative fuels in internal combustion engines (2000) , p. 311. MADI (TU) 10. Karpov, S.A., Kunashev, L.H. emonstrate how the aliphatic alcohols as environmentally friendly additives in car. Oil and gas business 2 (2006) The magazine Access http://ogbus.ru/ 11. Ablaev, A.P. Biofuels: Thinking outside of the oil pipe, A.P. Ablaev, Ecologist (2009) , (2), pp. 23-26. Vestnik. Russia 12. Polunkyn, E.V., Kamenev, T.N., Pylyavskyy, V.S. Operational properties of alternative motor fuels on the basis of oxygenates (2012) Catalysis and neftehymyya, 20, pp. 70-74. 13. Pylyavskyy, V.S., Gaidai, O.O., Kyrpach, K.O. Operational properties of alternative motor fuels on the basis of oxygenates (2012) Catalysis and neftehymyya, 21, pp. 162-166. 14. Gaidai, O.O. Environmental and operational characteristics of biological motor fuel E- 85 [electronic resource] (2011) Collected articles "Third Ukrainian Congress ecologists with international participation." Ball, 1, pp. 308-310. In A.A. Gaidai, Zubenko S.A., Polunkin E.V., Pylyavskyy V.S. (Eds.). Access http://eco.com.ua/ 15. Imankulov, N.N. Biobutanol - alternative motor fuel substitute (2010) Scientific Bulletin of the southern region, 5-6 (35-36), pp. 3-7. In N.N. Imankulov (Ed.) 16. Vnukovo, N.V. Alternative fuel type yak basis resursozberezhennya i ekobezpeki road vehicles (2011) Alternative energy sources, 9 (91), pp. 45-55. In N.V. Vnukovo, M.V. Barun (Eds.) 17. Ershov, M.A. (2012) Research biobutanol as a high octane gasoline component: avtopef.dis. for the degree of CAD. those. Sciences: spec. 05.17.07, "Chemical technology of fuel and high-energy substances" MA Ershov. 27. 18. Boychenko, S.V., Kuchma, N.M., Efimenko, V., Titov, A.S., Chernyak, L.M. (2006) Chemmotology: Teach method, p. 160. manual. K: portrait water-in NAU 19. Levinter, M.E., Akhmetov, S. (1992) Deep processing of oil: A manual for schools, p. 224. M.: Chemistry: silt 20. Smyshlyaeva, Y.A., Ivanchina, E.D., Kravtsov, A.V., Zuong, C.H.T., Fan, F. Development of a database on the octane number of a mathematical model of the process of compounding of commercial gasoline (2011) Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University, 318 (3), pp. 75-80. Цитировано 2 раз. 21. Gureev, A.A. Production of high octane gasoline/ (1981) . In A.A. Gora, Y.M. Zhorov, E.V. Smidovich. Moscow: Chemistry 22. Boichenko, S., Lejda, K., Lychmanenko, O., Boichenko, M., Reshetilowski, V. Modification of aviation gasoline with aliphatic alcohols additives: An analytical review of prospects (2015) Internationl Journal Sustainable Aviation, 1 (4), pp. 324-332. 23. Lychmanenko, O.G. Pespektyvy reformulovanyh aviation gasoline (2015) Systemy i srodki transportu samochodowego: Wibrane zagadnienia, pp. 251-256. In O. Lychmanenko, S. Boychenko, K. Lady (Eds.). Monografia No 6. Seria: Transport. Rzesow (Poland)Traditionally components of aviation gasoline are produced by various technological processes. The basic fractions of aviation gasoline are straight gasoline distillation of crude oil and catalytic reforming, cracking, and blending. The main components are high-octane alkylate, technical isooctane, toluene, pirobenzol, alkylbenzene, and ethyl fluid. The main indicator of the quality of gasoline is its Antiknock Rating. This ability to burn fuel without detonation of reciprocating engines with spark ignition, which is estimated octane number and describe the operational and environmental characteristics of transport. To provide Antiknock Rating and high octane number for aviation fuel, add different Antiknock additives. The most effective now is tetraethyl lead (TEL). Today all the known brands of aviation gasoline used TEL as Antiknock additive despite its toxicity. Therefore, development of new environmentally safe aviation gasoline is a topical modern problem that needs solving