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Scott A Mcewen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • antimicrobial resistance a one health perspective
    Microbiology spectrum, 2018
    Co-Authors: Scott A Mcewen, Peter Collignon
    Abstract:

    One Health is the collaborative effort of multiple health science professions to attain optimal health for people, domestic animals, wildlife, plants, and our environment. The drivers of antimicrobial resistance include antimicrobial use and abuse in human, animal, and environmental sectors and the spread of resistant bacteria and resistance determinants within and between these sectors and around the globe. Most of the classes of Antimicrobials used to treat bacterial infections in humans are also used in animals. Given the important and interdependent human, animal, and environmental dimensions of antimicrobial resistance, it is logical to take a One Health approach when addressing this problem. This includes taking steps to preserve the continued effectiveness of existing Antimicrobials by eliminating their inappropriate use and by limiting the spread of infection. Major concerns in the animal health and agriculture sectors are mass medication of animals with Antimicrobials that are critically important for humans, such as third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, and the long-term, in-feed use of medically important Antimicrobials, such as colistin, tetracyclines, and macrolides, for growth promotion. In the human sector it is essential to prevent infections, reduce over-prescribing of Antimicrobials, improve sanitation, and improve hygiene and infection control. Pollution from inadequate treatment of industrial, residential, and farm waste is expanding the resistome in the environment. Numerous countries and several international agencies have included a One Health approach within their action plans to address antimicrobial resistance. Necessary actions include improvements in antimicrobial use regulation and policy, surveillance, stewardship, infection control, sanitation, animal husbandry, and alternatives to Antimicrobials. WHO recently has launched new guidelines on the use of medically important Antimicrobials in food-producing animals, recommending that farmers and the food industry stop using Antimicrobials routinely to promote growth and prevent disease in healthy animals. These guidelines aim to help preserve the effectiveness of Antimicrobials that are important for human medicine by reducing their use in animals.

  • world health organization ranking of Antimicrobials according to their importance in human medicine a critical step for developing risk management strategies to control antimicrobial resistance from food animal production
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2016
    Co-Authors: Scott A Mcewen, Peter Collignon, Awa Aidarakane, John Conly, Antoine Andremont, Yvonne Agerso
    Abstract:

    Antimicrobial use in food animals selects for antimicrobial resistance in bacteria, which can spread to people. Reducing use of Antimicrobials-particularly those deemed to be critically important for human medicine-in food production animals continues to be an important step for preserving the benefits of these Antimicrobials for people. The World Health Organization ranking of Antimicrobials according to their relative importance in human medicine was recently updated. Antimicrobials considered the highest priority among the critically important Antimicrobials were quinolones, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, macrolides and ketolides, and glycopeptides. The updated ranking allows stakeholders in the agriculture sector and regulatory agencies to focus risk management efforts on drugs used in food animals that are the most important to human medicine. In particular, the current large-scale use of fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and third-generation cephalosporins and any potential use of glycopeptides and carbapenems need to be addressed urgently.

  • antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter salmonella and escherichia coli isolated from retail turkey meat from southern ontario canada
    Journal of Food Protection, 2009
    Co-Authors: Angela Cook, Richard J Reidsmith, Scott A Mcewen, Rebecca Irwin, Alfonso Valdiviesogarcia, C S Ribble
    Abstract:

    This study estimated the prevalence of Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli isolated from fresh retail turkey purchased at grocery stores in Ontario, Canada. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined and assessed for potential public health risk. From February 2003 to May 2004, 465 raw turkey meat samples were collected. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for Campylobacter isolates with a concentration gradient test and for Salmonella and E. coli isolates with a broth microdilution assay. Campylobacter isolates were recovered from 188 (46%) of 412 samples. The prevalence of resistance to one or more Antimicrobials was 168 (81%) of 208. For Antimicrobials of very high human health importance (category I of Health Canada's antimicrobial categorization), 12 (6%) of 208 Campylobacter isolates were ciprofloxacin resistant. Salmonella isolates were recovered from 95 (24%) of 397 samples. The prevalence of resistance to one or more Antimicrobials was 50 (49%) of 102, and 13 (13%) of 102 samples were resistant to five or more Antimicrobials. For category I Antimicrobials, 14 (14%) of 102 and 1 (1%) of 102 isolates were resistant to ceftiofur and ceftriaxone, respectively. E. coli isolates were recovered from 392 (95%) of 412 turkey samples. The prevalence of resistance to one or more Antimicrobials was 906 (71%) of 1,281, and 225 (18%) of 1,281 samples were resistant to five or more Antimicrobials. For category I Antimicrobials, 30 (2%) of 1,281 samples were resistant to ceftiofur. This study demonstrated that raw turkey pieces are a potential source of human exposure to enteric pathogens, including antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, if undercooked or improperly handled.

  • associations between reported on farm antimicrobial use practices and observed antimicrobial resistance in generic fecal escherichia coli isolated from alberta finishing swine farms
    Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2009
    Co-Authors: Csaba Varga, Richard J Reidsmith, Andrijana Rajic, Margaret Mcfall, Anne E Deckert, Sylvia Checkley, Scott A Mcewen
    Abstract:

    Multilevel random intercept logistic and Poisson regression were used to model associations between various antimicrobial use practices and resistance to individual and multiple Antimicrobials among generic fecal Escherichia coli isolated from Alberta finishing swine. In-feed antimicrobial use in finishers was significantly associated with increased risk of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfisoxazole in generic E. coli isolates. Chlortetracycline use in grower rations was associated with ampicillin and tetracycline resistance. Use of in-feed Antimicrobials in finishers was significantly associated with increased risk of resistance of generic E. coli to multiple Antimicrobials. The study findings suggest that certain farm-level interventions related to antimicrobial use might be beneficial in reducing development and emergence of antimicrobial resistance in swine populations.

  • associations of antimicrobial uses with antimicrobial resistance of fecal escherichia coli from pigs on 47 farrow to finish farms in ontario and british columbia
    Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research-revue Canadienne De Recherche Veterinaire, 2008
    Co-Authors: Holy T Akwar, Cornelis Poppe, Jeffrey S Wilson, Richard J Reidsmith, Monica Dyck, Josh Waddington, Dayue Shang, Scott A Mcewen
    Abstract:

    This study assessed the associations between antimicrobial use and other management practices in pigs and antimicrobial resistance in generic Escherichia coli recovered from feces of weaner and finisher pigs on 39 purposefully selected farrow-to-finish farms in Ontario and 8 in British Columbia. Antimicrobials (n = 13), most frequently penicillins and tetracycline, were administered to different age groups of pigs on study farms through various routes of administration. Logistic regression was used to model risk factors to antimicrobial resistance in fecal E. coli of pigs for the following Antimicrobials: ampicillin, apramycin, carbadox, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, neomycin, nitrofurantoin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole). Use of Antimicrobials in weaner pigs compared with use in finisher pigs was associated with resistance in most models. There was phenotypic evidence of different mechanisms of resistance selection, including direct selection [use of carbadox was associated with carbadox resistance (OR = 6.48)]; cross-resistance [use of spectinomycin was associated with streptomycin resistance (OR = 2.29)]; and possible co-selection [ceftiofur use was associated with tetracycline resistance (OR = 6.12)]. These results provide further evidence that use of Antimicrobials in pigs selects for resistance among fecal E. coli within and between classes of Antimicrobials.

Peter Collignon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • antimicrobial resistance a one health perspective
    Microbiology spectrum, 2018
    Co-Authors: Scott A Mcewen, Peter Collignon
    Abstract:

    One Health is the collaborative effort of multiple health science professions to attain optimal health for people, domestic animals, wildlife, plants, and our environment. The drivers of antimicrobial resistance include antimicrobial use and abuse in human, animal, and environmental sectors and the spread of resistant bacteria and resistance determinants within and between these sectors and around the globe. Most of the classes of Antimicrobials used to treat bacterial infections in humans are also used in animals. Given the important and interdependent human, animal, and environmental dimensions of antimicrobial resistance, it is logical to take a One Health approach when addressing this problem. This includes taking steps to preserve the continued effectiveness of existing Antimicrobials by eliminating their inappropriate use and by limiting the spread of infection. Major concerns in the animal health and agriculture sectors are mass medication of animals with Antimicrobials that are critically important for humans, such as third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, and the long-term, in-feed use of medically important Antimicrobials, such as colistin, tetracyclines, and macrolides, for growth promotion. In the human sector it is essential to prevent infections, reduce over-prescribing of Antimicrobials, improve sanitation, and improve hygiene and infection control. Pollution from inadequate treatment of industrial, residential, and farm waste is expanding the resistome in the environment. Numerous countries and several international agencies have included a One Health approach within their action plans to address antimicrobial resistance. Necessary actions include improvements in antimicrobial use regulation and policy, surveillance, stewardship, infection control, sanitation, animal husbandry, and alternatives to Antimicrobials. WHO recently has launched new guidelines on the use of medically important Antimicrobials in food-producing animals, recommending that farmers and the food industry stop using Antimicrobials routinely to promote growth and prevent disease in healthy animals. These guidelines aim to help preserve the effectiveness of Antimicrobials that are important for human medicine by reducing their use in animals.

  • world health organization ranking of Antimicrobials according to their importance in human medicine a critical step for developing risk management strategies to control antimicrobial resistance from food animal production
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2016
    Co-Authors: Scott A Mcewen, Peter Collignon, Awa Aidarakane, John Conly, Antoine Andremont, Yvonne Agerso
    Abstract:

    Antimicrobial use in food animals selects for antimicrobial resistance in bacteria, which can spread to people. Reducing use of Antimicrobials-particularly those deemed to be critically important for human medicine-in food production animals continues to be an important step for preserving the benefits of these Antimicrobials for people. The World Health Organization ranking of Antimicrobials according to their relative importance in human medicine was recently updated. Antimicrobials considered the highest priority among the critically important Antimicrobials were quinolones, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, macrolides and ketolides, and glycopeptides. The updated ranking allows stakeholders in the agriculture sector and regulatory agencies to focus risk management efforts on drugs used in food animals that are the most important to human medicine. In particular, the current large-scale use of fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and third-generation cephalosporins and any potential use of glycopeptides and carbapenems need to be addressed urgently.

  • world health organization ranking of Antimicrobials according to their importance in human medicine a critical step for developing risk management strategies for the use of Antimicrobials in food production animals
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2009
    Co-Authors: Peter Collignon, John H Powers, Tom Chiller, Awa Aidarakane, Frank Moller Aarestrup
    Abstract:

    The use of Antimicrobials in food animals creates an important source of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria that can spread to humans through the food supply. Improved management of the use of Antimicrobials in food animals, particularly reducing the usage of those that are “critically important” for human medicine, is an important step toward preserving the benefits of Antimicrobials for people. The World Health Organization has developed and applied criteria to rank Antimicrobials according to their relative importance in human medicine. Clinicians, regulatory agencies, policy makers, and other stakeholders can use this ranking when developing risk management strategies for the use of Antimicrobials in food production animals. The ranking allows stakeholders to focus risk management efforts on drugs used in food animals that are the most important to human medicine and, thus, need to be addressed most urgently, such as fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins. Antimicrobials decrease morbidity and mortality associated with serious and life-threatening infections. Antimicrobial resistance decreases the effectiveness of these drugs, increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality in serious diseases and, thus, compromising human health [1–6]. Antimicrobial resistance is an inevitable consequence of antimicrobial use. Poverty; suboptimal control of the sale, quality, and use of Antimicrobials; and poor sewage and water systems are factors that contribute to the emergence and spread of

Martínez Ruiz Lía - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Inmovilización de antimicrobianos de origen natural y su aplicación en la industria alimentaria.
    2020
    Co-Authors: Martínez Ruiz Lía
    Abstract:

    [ES] Los compuestos antimicrobianos de origen natural presentan reconocida actividad antimicrobiana y antifúngica, pero su aplicación en alimentos se ve limitada por sus propiedades fisicoquímicas, así como por la posible interacción con componentes del alimento. Con el fin de evitar estos inconvenientes se han propuesto diversos sistemas de encapsulación y/o inmovilización de los compuestos bioactivos. La inmovilización de los antimicrobianos en diversos soportes y superficies permite mantener la efectividad antimicrobiana del compuesto anclado frente a microorganismos patógenos y alterantes, y posibilita su aplicación en diferentes etapas del procesado de alimentos. Este trabajo se centra en la descripción de los antimicrobianos de origen natural usados en la industria alimentaria para prevenir el crecimiento o inhibir diversos microorganismos, las diferentes metodologías de inmovilización posibles, los distintos materiales que pueden ser usados como soporte de anclaje, así como ejemplos de sistemas de inmovilización de antimicrobianos naturales para su aplicación en la industria alimentaria. Tras realizar la revisión bibliográfica se puede destacar que la inmovilización covalente de antimicrobianos naturales permite que el compuesto activo mantenga o incluso mejore su efectividad sin liberarlo al medio, demostrando así que es una técnica prometedora para la conservación de alimentos y que suple las limitaciones de las metodologías convencionales no afectando a las características organolépticas del alimento y dando lugar a productos mínimamente procesados. Por tanto, esta revisión proporciona información valiosa para el desarrollo de nuevos sistemas antimicrobianos para el control de la contaminación microbiana en los alimentos.[EN] Antimicrobial compounds of natural origin show recognized antimicrobial and antifungal activity, but their application in food is limited by their physicochemical properties, as well as by their potential interaction with food components. In order to avoid these drawbacks, different encapsulation and/or immobilization systems for bioactive compounds have been proposed. The immobilization of Antimicrobials on diverse supports and surfaces allows preserving the antimicrobial effectiveness of the anchored compound against pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, and enables its application at different food processing stages. This work focuses on the description of naturally-occurring Antimicrobials used in the food industry to prevent growth or inhibit microorganisms, established immobilization methodologies, different materials that can be used as grafting support, as well as examples of natural Antimicrobials immobilization systems for application in the food industry. After the literature review it can be noted that the covalent immobilization of natural-occurring Antimicrobials allows the active compound to maintain or even improve its effectiveness without releasing it into the medium, demonstrating that it is a promising technique for food preservation and that it overcomes the limitations of conventional methodologies without affecting the organoleptic characteristics of the food and resulting in minimally processed products. Therefore, this review provides valuable information for the development of new antimicrobial systems for the control of microbial contamination in food.[CA] Els compostos antimicrobians d'origen natural presenten reconeguda activitat antimicrobiana i antifúngica, però la seua aplicació en aliments es veu limitada per les seues propietats fisicoquímiques, així com per la possible interacció amb components de l'aliment. Per tal d'evitar aquests inconvenients s'han proposat diversos sistemes d'encapsulació i/o immobilització dels compostos bioactius. La immobilització dels antimicrobians en diversos suports i superfícies permet mantenir l'efectivitat antimicrobiana del compost ancorat enfront de microorganismes patògens i alterants, i possibilita la seua aplicació en diferents etapes del processat d'aliments. Aquest treball es centra en la descripció dels antimicrobians d'origen natural usats en la indústria alimentària per prevenir el creixement o inhibir diversos microorganismes, les diferents metodologies d'immobilització possibles, els diferents materials que poden ser usats com a suport d'ancoratge, així com exemples de sistemes d'immobilització d'antimicrobians naturals per a la seua aplicació en la indústria alimentària. Després de realitzar la revisió bibliogràfica es pot destacar que la immobilització covalent d'antimicrobians naturals permet que el compost actiu mantinga o inclús millore la seua efectivitat sense alliberar-lo al mig, demostrant així que és una tècnica prometedora per a la conservació d'aliments i que suplix les limitacions de les metodologies convencionals no afectant les característiques organolèptiques de l'aliment i donant lloc a productes mínimament processats. Per tant, esta revisió proporciona informació valuosa per al desenrotllament de nous sistemes antimicrobians per al control de la contaminació microbiana en els aliments. Per tant, aquesta revisió proporciona informació valuosa per al desenvolupament de nous sistemes antimicrobians per al control de la contaminació microbiana en els aliments.A María, por todo su apoyo y dedicación, por estar ahí y ayudarme en todo momento. Sin ti no hubiera sido posible, gracias por todo lo que me has enseñado. A mi tutor, José Manuel Barat, por su amabilidad y confianza desde el primer día. A mi familia, por apoyarme durante esta etapa y hacer posible que haya llegado hasta aquí. A Carolina y Elena, por haberme dado los mejores momentos de estos años. Por la paciencia y los consejos. A todas las personas que han formado parte de estos cuatro años y me han hecho crecer como persona, gracias.Martínez Ruiz, L. (2020). Inmovilización de antimicrobianos de origen natural y su aplicación en la industria alimentaria. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/148959TFG

  • Inmovilización de antimicrobianos de origen natural y su aplicación en la industria alimentaria
    'Universitat Politecnica de Valencia', 2020
    Co-Authors: Martínez Ruiz Lía
    Abstract:

    [ES] Los compuestos antimicrobianos de origen natural presentan reconocida actividad antimicrobiana y antifúngica, pero su aplicación en alimentos se ve limitada por sus propiedades fisicoquímicas, así como por la posible interacción con componentes del alimento. Con el fin de evitar estos inconvenientes se han propuesto diversos sistemas de encapsulación y/o inmovilización de los compuestos bioactivos. La inmovilización de los antimicrobianos en diversos soportes y superficies permite mantener la efectividad antimicrobiana del compuesto anclado frente a microorganismos patógenos y alterantes, y posibilita su aplicación en diferentes etapas del procesado de alimentos. Este trabajo se centra en la descripción de los antimicrobianos de origen natural usados en la industria alimentaria para prevenir el crecimiento o inhibir diversos microorganismos, las diferentes metodologías de inmovilización posibles, los distintos materiales que pueden ser usados como soporte de anclaje, así como ejemplos de sistemas de inmovilización de antimicrobianos naturales para su aplicación en la industria alimentaria. Tras realizar la revisión bibliográfica se puede destacar que la inmovilización covalente de antimicrobianos naturales permite que el compuesto activo mantenga o incluso mejore su efectividad sin liberarlo al medio, demostrando así que es una técnica prometedora para la conservación de alimentos y que suple las limitaciones de las metodologías convencionales no afectando a las características organolépticas del alimento y dando lugar a productos mínimamente procesados. Por tanto, esta revisión proporciona información valiosa para el desarrollo de nuevos sistemas antimicrobianos para el control de la contaminación microbiana en los alimentos.[EN] Antimicrobial compounds of natural origin show recognized antimicrobial and antifungal activity, but their application in food is limited by their physicochemical properties, as well as by their potential interaction with food components. In order to avoid these drawbacks, different encapsulation and/or immobilization systems for bioactive compounds have been proposed. The immobilization of Antimicrobials on diverse supports and surfaces allows preserving the antimicrobial effectiveness of the anchored compound against pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, and enables its application at different food processing stages. This work focuses on the description of naturally-occurring Antimicrobials used in the food industry to prevent growth or inhibit microorganisms, established immobilization methodologies, different materials that can be used as grafting support, as well as examples of natural Antimicrobials immobilization systems for application in the food industry. After the literature review it can be noted that the covalent immobilization of natural-occurring Antimicrobials allows the active compound to maintain or even improve its effectiveness without releasing it into the medium, demonstrating that it is a promising technique for food preservation and that it overcomes the limitations of conventional methodologies without affecting the organoleptic characteristics of the food and resulting in minimally processed products. Therefore, this review provides valuable information for the development of new antimicrobial systems for the control of microbial contamination in food.[CA] Els compostos antimicrobians d'origen natural presenten reconeguda activitat antimicrobiana i antifúngica, però la seua aplicació en aliments es veu limitada per les seues propietats fisicoquímiques, així com per la possible interacció amb components de l'aliment. Per tal d'evitar aquests inconvenients s'han proposat diversos sistemes d'encapsulació i/o immobilització dels compostos bioactius. La immobilització dels antimicrobians en diversos suports i superfícies permet mantenir l'efectivitat antimicrobiana del compost ancorat enfront de microorganismes patògens i alterants, i possibilita la seua aplicació en diferents etapes del processat d'aliments. Aquest treball es centra en la descripció dels antimicrobians d'origen natural usats en la indústria alimentària per prevenir el creixement o inhibir diversos microorganismes, les diferents metodologies d'immobilització possibles, els diferents materials que poden ser usats com a suport d'ancoratge, així com exemples de sistemes d'immobilització d'antimicrobians naturals per a la seua aplicació en la indústria alimentària. Després de realitzar la revisió bibliogràfica es pot destacar que la immobilització covalent d'antimicrobians naturals permet que el compost actiu mantinga o inclús millore la seua efectivitat sense alliberar-lo al mig, demostrant així que és una tècnica prometedora per a la conservació d'aliments i que suplix les limitacions de les metodologies convencionals no afectant les característiques organolèptiques de l'aliment i donant lloc a productes mínimament processats. Per tant, esta revisió proporciona informació valuosa per al desenrotllament de nous sistemes antimicrobians per al control de la contaminació microbiana en els aliments. Per tant, aquesta revisió proporciona informació valuosa per al desenvolupament de nous sistemes antimicrobians per al control de la contaminació microbiana en els aliments.Martínez Ruiz, L. (2020). Inmovilización de antimicrobianos de origen natural y su aplicación en la industria alimentaria. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/148959TFG

Henning Sorum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a brief multi disciplinary review on antimicrobial resistance in medicine and its linkage to the global environmental microbiota
    Frontiers in Microbiology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Leon Cantas, Syed Qaswar Ali Shah, Lina Cavaco, Celia M Manaia, Fiona Walsh, Magdalena Popowska, Hemda Garelick, Helmut Burgmann, Henning Sorum
    Abstract:

    The discovery and introduction of antimicrobial agents to clinical medicine was one of the greatest medical triumphs of the 20th century that revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the gradual emergence of populations of antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic bacteria resulting from use, misuse, and abuse of Antimicrobials has today become a major global health concern. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes have been suggested to originate from environmental bacteria, as clinically relevant resistance genes have been detected on the chromosome of environmental bacteria. As only a few new Antimicrobials have been developed in the last decade, the further evolution of resistance poses a serious threat to public health. Urgent measures are required not only to minimize the use of Antimicrobials for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes but also to look for alternative strategies for the control of bacterial infections. This review examines the global picture of antimicrobial resistance, factors that favor its spread, strategies, and limitations for its control and the need for continuous training of all stake-holders i.e., medical, veterinary, public health, and other relevant professionals as well as human consumers, in the appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs.

  • a brief multi disciplinary review on antimicrobial resistance in medicine and its linkage to the global environmental microbiota
    Frontiers in Microbiology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Leon Cantas, Syed Qaswar Ali Shah, Lina Cavaco, Celia M Manaia, Fiona Walsh, Magdalena Popowska, Hemda Garelick, Helmut Burgmann, Henning Sorum
    Abstract:

    The discovery and introduction of antimicrobial agents to clinical medicine was one of the greatest medical triumphs of the 20th century that revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the gradual emergence of populations of antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic bacteria resulting from use, misuse and abuse of Antimicrobials has today become a major global health concern. Antimicrobial resistance genes have been suggested to originate from environmental bacteria, as clinically relevant resistance genes have been detected on the chromosome of environmental bacteria. As only a few new Antimicrobials have been developed in the last decade, the further evolution of resistance poses a serious threat to public health. Urgent measures are required not only to minimize the use of Antimicrobials for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes but also to look for alternative strategies for the control of bacterial infections. This review examines the global picture of antibacterial resistance, factors that favor its spread, strategies and limitations for its control and the need for continuous training of all stake-holders i.e. medical, veterinary, public health and other relevant professionals as well as human consumers of antibiotic drugs, in the appropriate use of Antimicrobials.

Basas Satorras Jana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Eficàcia in vitro i in vivo de diferents antimicrobians enfront Staphylococcus spp. i Candida spp. creixent en biopel·lícules i causants d'infeccions de catèter de llarga durada /
    2018
    Co-Authors: Basas Satorras Jana, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona. Departament De Medicina
    Abstract:

    Introducció: els catèters venosos centrals de llarga durada (LTCVCs) són la solució pels pacients amb malalties cròniques o greus que necessiten un accés vascular permanent per l'administració de tractaments prolongats. Malgrat la seva importància clínica i els múltiples beneficis que aporten, el seu ús comporta un risc d'infecció que està associat a una elevada morbiditat i mortalitat, derivant a una hospitalització prolongada i el conseqüent increment del cost econòmic associat. Objectiu: avaluar l'eficàcia de diferents antimicrobians utilitzant la tècnica del segellat de catèter enfront soques de Candida spp. i Staphylococcus epidermidis creixent en biopel·lícules, tant in vitro com en un model experimental d'infecció de catèter en conills. Materials i Mètodes: s'han utilitzat 6 aïllaments clínics de Candida spp. i 2 de S. epidermidis productors de biopel·lícules. S'han realitzat estudis de sensibilitat in vitro de les soques creixent en biopel·lícules enfront diferents antimicrobians i un model experimental d'infecció de catèter en conill per avaluar l'eficàcia dels diferents antimicrobians mitjançant l'antimicrobial lock technique (ALT). Resultats: en el cas de les infeccions de catèter produïdes per Candida spp., el tractament va ser depenent d'espècie. En soques de C. albicans, els tractaments d'ALT amb amfotericina B liposomal 5 mg/mL i anidulafungina 3.33 mg/mL van presentar una eficàcia similar. Per contra, en el model de C. glabrata i C. parapsilosis, l'anidulafungina 3.33 mg/mL va ser el tractament més eficaç. Daptomicina 50 mg/mL com a ALT, va ser el tractament amb major activitat en el model experimental d'infecció per S. epidermidis, negativitzant la majoria dels catèters a les 24 hores. Conclusió: aquestes opcions terapèutiques podrien presentar una avantatge terapèutica en el tractament conservador de les infeccions relacionades als LTCVCs, utilitzant l'antimicrobial lock technique, en els casos seleccionats de pacients en que no fos possible la seva retirada i les condicions dels pacients ho permetessin.Introduction: Long-term central venous catheters (LTCVCs) are the solution for patients with chronic or severe disease who require a permanent vascular access for a long-term treatment. Despite their clinical importance and the multiple benefits they entail, their use comes with a risk of infection associated with high morbidity and mortality, resulting in a prolonged hospitalization and a consequent increasement of the cost. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of different Antimicrobials using the antimicrobial lock technique (ALT) against different species of Candida spp. and Staphylococcus epidermidis growing in biofilms, both in vitro and in an experimental model of catheter infection in rabbits. Materials and Methods: 6 clinical isolates of Candida spp. and two of S. epidermidis producing biofilms have been used. In vitro susceptibility studies have been made of different strains growing in biofilms against the different Antimicrobials and an experimental model of catheter infection have been carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the different Antimicrobials using the antimicrobial lock technique. Results: In the case of catheter infections caused by Candida spp. the treatment was species-dependent. In the C. albicans model, treatment with ALT liposomal amphotericin B 5 mg/mL or anidulafungin 3.33 mg/mL had similar efficacy. In contrast, in the C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis model, anidulafungin 3.33 mg/mL was the most effective treatment. Daptomycin 50 mg/mL as ALT was the treatment with the highest activity in the experimental model by S. epidermidis, negativizing most of the catheters at 24 h. Conclusion: These therapeutic options could have a therapeutic advantage in the conservative treatment of LTCVC-related infections, using the antimicrobial lock technique, in selected cases where removal is not possible and patient conditions allow it

  • Eficàcia in vitro i in vivo de diferents antimicrobians enfront Staphylococcus spp. i Candida spp. creixent en biopel·lícules i causants d’infeccions de catèter de llarga durada
    'Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona', 2018
    Co-Authors: Basas Satorras Jana
    Abstract:

    Introducció: els catèters venosos centrals de llarga durada (LTCVCs) són la solució pels pacients amb malalties cròniques o greus que necessiten un accés vascular permanent per l’administració de tractaments prolongats. Malgrat la seva importància clínica i els múltiples beneficis que aporten, el seu ús comporta un risc d’infecció que està associat a una elevada morbiditat i mortalitat, derivant a una hospitalització prolongada i el conseqüent increment del cost econòmic associat. Objectiu: avaluar l’eficàcia de diferents antimicrobians utilitzant la tècnica del segellat de catèter enfront soques de Candida spp. i Staphylococcus epidermidis creixent en biopel·lícules, tant in vitro com en un model experimental d’infecció de catèter en conills. Materials i Mètodes: s’han utilitzat 6 aïllaments clínics de Candida spp. i 2 de S. epidermidis productors de biopel·lícules. S’han realitzat estudis de sensibilitat in vitro de les soques creixent en biopel·lícules enfront diferents antimicrobians i un model experimental d’infecció de catèter en conill per avaluar l’eficàcia dels diferents antimicrobians mitjançant l’antimicrobial lock technique (ALT). Resultats: en el cas de les infeccions de catèter produïdes per Candida spp., el tractament va ser depenent d’espècie. En soques de C. albicans, els tractaments d’ALT amb amfotericina B liposomal 5 mg/mL i anidulafungina 3.33 mg/mL van presentar una eficàcia similar. Per contra, en el model de C. glabrata i C. parapsilosis, l’anidulafungina 3.33 mg/mL va ser el tractament més eficaç. Daptomicina 50 mg/mL com a ALT, va ser el tractament amb major activitat en el model experimental d’infecció per S. epidermidis, negativitzant la majoria dels catèters a les 24 hores. Conclusió: aquestes opcions terapèutiques podrien presentar una avantatge terapèutica en el tractament conservador de les infeccions relacionades als LTCVCs, utilitzant l’antimicrobial lock technique, en els casos seleccionats de pacients en que no fos possible la seva retirada i les condicions dels pacients ho permetessin.Introduction: Long-term central venous catheters (LTCVCs) are the solution for patients with chronic or severe disease who require a permanent vascular access for a long-term treatment. Despite their clinical importance and the multiple benefits they entail, their use comes with a risk of infection associated with high morbidity and mortality, resulting in a prolonged hospitalization and a consequent increasement of the cost. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of different Antimicrobials using the antimicrobial lock technique (ALT) against different species of Candida spp. and Staphylococcus epidermidis growing in biofilms, both in vitro and in an experimental model of catheter infection in rabbits. Materials and Methods: 6 clinical isolates of Candida spp. and two of S. epidermidis producing biofilms have been used. In vitro susceptibility studies have been made of different strains growing in biofilms against the different Antimicrobials and an experimental model of catheter infection have been carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the different Antimicrobials using the antimicrobial lock technique. Results: In the case of catheter infections caused by Candida spp. the treatment was species-dependent. In the C. albicans model, treatment with ALT liposomal amphotericin B 5 mg/mL or anidulafungin 3.33 mg/mL had similar efficacy. In contrast, in the C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis model, anidulafungin 3.33 mg/mL was the most effective treatment. Daptomycin 50 mg/mL as ALT was the treatment with the highest activity in the experimental model by S. epidermidis, negativizing most of the catheters at 24 h. Conclusion: These therapeutic options could have a therapeutic advantage in the conservative treatment of LTCVC-related infections, using the antimicrobial lock technique, in selected cases where removal is not possible and patient conditions allow it