The Experts below are selected from a list of 90 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Mohammed Assen Seid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Normalization of thyroid function tests among thyrotoxicosis patients attending a University Hospital in North-West Ethiopia
    Thyroid Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes, Emneteab Mesfin Ayele, Soliana Alemayehu Tesfaye, Mohammed Assen Seid
    Abstract:

    Background Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical state that results from inappropriately high thyroid hormone action in tissues. Although it is one of the common endocrine disorders, there is scarcity of data on the management of thyrotoxicosis in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to investigate treatment outcomes and determinants of treatment outcomes among hyperthyroid patients on Antithyroid drugs attending a teaching hospital in Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on medical records of patients with thyrotoxicosis who had attended the medical inpatient ward and chronic ambulatory clinic of the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia between June 2013 and April 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize socio-demographic and other baseline information. A cox regression method was used to determine factors associated with normalization of thyroid function tests (TFTs). All statistical tests were performed using STATA version 14. Results Data from a total 211 patients were eventually analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 47.25 ± 14.26 years with female majority (94.31%). The most common etiology was toxic multinodular goiter (54.90%). Because methimazole or carbimazole are not easily available locally, all of the patients included in this study were taking propylthiouracil (PTU). Nearly 9 out of 10 patients (90.38%) had symptom resolution within a mean period of 5.37 (± 6.59) months. Sixty-two (29.81%) and 122 (58.65%) patients achieved normalization of TSH and FT4, respectively during the study period. The mean time to normalization of TSH and FT4 was 13 (±13.28) and 11.53 (±13.39) months, respectively. On the other hand, T3 and all three TFTs were normalized only among 79 (38.16%) and 55 (26.32%) patients, respectively. Older age and higher baseline FT4 levels were shown to modestly reduce the chances of achieving normalization of TSH. Conclusion Though PTU is not the preferred Antithyroid Agent in the management of thyrotoxicosis, all patients used PTU for the management of hyperthyroidism. All TFTs were normalized in only less than one-third of the participants. Resolution of symptoms took longer period of time than expected.

  • normalization of thyroid function tests among thyrotoxicosis patients attending a university hospital in north west ethiopia
    Thyroid Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes, Emneteab Mesfin Ayele, Soliana Alemayehu Tesfaye, Mohammed Assen Seid
    Abstract:

    Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical state that results from inappropriately high thyroid hormone action in tissues. Although it is one of the common endocrine disorders, there is scarcity of data on the management of thyrotoxicosis in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to investigate treatment outcomes and determinants of treatment outcomes among hyperthyroid patients on Antithyroid drugs attending a teaching hospital in Ethiopia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on medical records of patients with thyrotoxicosis who had attended the medical inpatient ward and chronic ambulatory clinic of the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia between June 2013 and April 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize socio-demographic and other baseline information. A cox regression method was used to determine factors associated with normalization of thyroid function tests (TFTs). All statistical tests were performed using STATA version 14. Data from a total 211 patients were eventually analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 47.25 ± 14.26 years with female majority (94.31%). The most common etiology was toxic multinodular goiter (54.90%). Because methimazole or carbimazole are not easily available locally, all of the patients included in this study were taking propylthiouracil (PTU). Nearly 9 out of 10 patients (90.38%) had symptom resolution within a mean period of 5.37 (± 6.59) months. Sixty-two (29.81%) and 122 (58.65%) patients achieved normalization of TSH and FT4, respectively during the study period. The mean time to normalization of TSH and FT4 was 13 (±13.28) and 11.53 (±13.39) months, respectively. On the other hand, T3 and all three TFTs were normalized only among 79 (38.16%) and 55 (26.32%) patients, respectively. Older age and higher baseline FT4 levels were shown to modestly reduce the chances of achieving normalization of TSH. Though PTU is not the preferred Antithyroid Agent in the management of thyrotoxicosis, all patients used PTU for the management of hyperthyroidism. All TFTs were normalized in only less than one-third of the participants. Resolution of symptoms took longer period of time than expected.

Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Normalization of thyroid function tests among thyrotoxicosis patients attending a University Hospital in North-West Ethiopia
    Thyroid Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes, Emneteab Mesfin Ayele, Soliana Alemayehu Tesfaye, Mohammed Assen Seid
    Abstract:

    Background Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical state that results from inappropriately high thyroid hormone action in tissues. Although it is one of the common endocrine disorders, there is scarcity of data on the management of thyrotoxicosis in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to investigate treatment outcomes and determinants of treatment outcomes among hyperthyroid patients on Antithyroid drugs attending a teaching hospital in Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on medical records of patients with thyrotoxicosis who had attended the medical inpatient ward and chronic ambulatory clinic of the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia between June 2013 and April 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize socio-demographic and other baseline information. A cox regression method was used to determine factors associated with normalization of thyroid function tests (TFTs). All statistical tests were performed using STATA version 14. Results Data from a total 211 patients were eventually analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 47.25 ± 14.26 years with female majority (94.31%). The most common etiology was toxic multinodular goiter (54.90%). Because methimazole or carbimazole are not easily available locally, all of the patients included in this study were taking propylthiouracil (PTU). Nearly 9 out of 10 patients (90.38%) had symptom resolution within a mean period of 5.37 (± 6.59) months. Sixty-two (29.81%) and 122 (58.65%) patients achieved normalization of TSH and FT4, respectively during the study period. The mean time to normalization of TSH and FT4 was 13 (±13.28) and 11.53 (±13.39) months, respectively. On the other hand, T3 and all three TFTs were normalized only among 79 (38.16%) and 55 (26.32%) patients, respectively. Older age and higher baseline FT4 levels were shown to modestly reduce the chances of achieving normalization of TSH. Conclusion Though PTU is not the preferred Antithyroid Agent in the management of thyrotoxicosis, all patients used PTU for the management of hyperthyroidism. All TFTs were normalized in only less than one-third of the participants. Resolution of symptoms took longer period of time than expected.

  • normalization of thyroid function tests among thyrotoxicosis patients attending a university hospital in north west ethiopia
    Thyroid Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes, Emneteab Mesfin Ayele, Soliana Alemayehu Tesfaye, Mohammed Assen Seid
    Abstract:

    Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical state that results from inappropriately high thyroid hormone action in tissues. Although it is one of the common endocrine disorders, there is scarcity of data on the management of thyrotoxicosis in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to investigate treatment outcomes and determinants of treatment outcomes among hyperthyroid patients on Antithyroid drugs attending a teaching hospital in Ethiopia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on medical records of patients with thyrotoxicosis who had attended the medical inpatient ward and chronic ambulatory clinic of the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia between June 2013 and April 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize socio-demographic and other baseline information. A cox regression method was used to determine factors associated with normalization of thyroid function tests (TFTs). All statistical tests were performed using STATA version 14. Data from a total 211 patients were eventually analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 47.25 ± 14.26 years with female majority (94.31%). The most common etiology was toxic multinodular goiter (54.90%). Because methimazole or carbimazole are not easily available locally, all of the patients included in this study were taking propylthiouracil (PTU). Nearly 9 out of 10 patients (90.38%) had symptom resolution within a mean period of 5.37 (± 6.59) months. Sixty-two (29.81%) and 122 (58.65%) patients achieved normalization of TSH and FT4, respectively during the study period. The mean time to normalization of TSH and FT4 was 13 (±13.28) and 11.53 (±13.39) months, respectively. On the other hand, T3 and all three TFTs were normalized only among 79 (38.16%) and 55 (26.32%) patients, respectively. Older age and higher baseline FT4 levels were shown to modestly reduce the chances of achieving normalization of TSH. Though PTU is not the preferred Antithyroid Agent in the management of thyrotoxicosis, all patients used PTU for the management of hyperthyroidism. All TFTs were normalized in only less than one-third of the participants. Resolution of symptoms took longer period of time than expected.

Soliana Alemayehu Tesfaye - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Normalization of thyroid function tests among thyrotoxicosis patients attending a University Hospital in North-West Ethiopia
    Thyroid Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes, Emneteab Mesfin Ayele, Soliana Alemayehu Tesfaye, Mohammed Assen Seid
    Abstract:

    Background Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical state that results from inappropriately high thyroid hormone action in tissues. Although it is one of the common endocrine disorders, there is scarcity of data on the management of thyrotoxicosis in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to investigate treatment outcomes and determinants of treatment outcomes among hyperthyroid patients on Antithyroid drugs attending a teaching hospital in Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on medical records of patients with thyrotoxicosis who had attended the medical inpatient ward and chronic ambulatory clinic of the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia between June 2013 and April 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize socio-demographic and other baseline information. A cox regression method was used to determine factors associated with normalization of thyroid function tests (TFTs). All statistical tests were performed using STATA version 14. Results Data from a total 211 patients were eventually analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 47.25 ± 14.26 years with female majority (94.31%). The most common etiology was toxic multinodular goiter (54.90%). Because methimazole or carbimazole are not easily available locally, all of the patients included in this study were taking propylthiouracil (PTU). Nearly 9 out of 10 patients (90.38%) had symptom resolution within a mean period of 5.37 (± 6.59) months. Sixty-two (29.81%) and 122 (58.65%) patients achieved normalization of TSH and FT4, respectively during the study period. The mean time to normalization of TSH and FT4 was 13 (±13.28) and 11.53 (±13.39) months, respectively. On the other hand, T3 and all three TFTs were normalized only among 79 (38.16%) and 55 (26.32%) patients, respectively. Older age and higher baseline FT4 levels were shown to modestly reduce the chances of achieving normalization of TSH. Conclusion Though PTU is not the preferred Antithyroid Agent in the management of thyrotoxicosis, all patients used PTU for the management of hyperthyroidism. All TFTs were normalized in only less than one-third of the participants. Resolution of symptoms took longer period of time than expected.

  • normalization of thyroid function tests among thyrotoxicosis patients attending a university hospital in north west ethiopia
    Thyroid Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes, Emneteab Mesfin Ayele, Soliana Alemayehu Tesfaye, Mohammed Assen Seid
    Abstract:

    Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical state that results from inappropriately high thyroid hormone action in tissues. Although it is one of the common endocrine disorders, there is scarcity of data on the management of thyrotoxicosis in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to investigate treatment outcomes and determinants of treatment outcomes among hyperthyroid patients on Antithyroid drugs attending a teaching hospital in Ethiopia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on medical records of patients with thyrotoxicosis who had attended the medical inpatient ward and chronic ambulatory clinic of the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia between June 2013 and April 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize socio-demographic and other baseline information. A cox regression method was used to determine factors associated with normalization of thyroid function tests (TFTs). All statistical tests were performed using STATA version 14. Data from a total 211 patients were eventually analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 47.25 ± 14.26 years with female majority (94.31%). The most common etiology was toxic multinodular goiter (54.90%). Because methimazole or carbimazole are not easily available locally, all of the patients included in this study were taking propylthiouracil (PTU). Nearly 9 out of 10 patients (90.38%) had symptom resolution within a mean period of 5.37 (± 6.59) months. Sixty-two (29.81%) and 122 (58.65%) patients achieved normalization of TSH and FT4, respectively during the study period. The mean time to normalization of TSH and FT4 was 13 (±13.28) and 11.53 (±13.39) months, respectively. On the other hand, T3 and all three TFTs were normalized only among 79 (38.16%) and 55 (26.32%) patients, respectively. Older age and higher baseline FT4 levels were shown to modestly reduce the chances of achieving normalization of TSH. Though PTU is not the preferred Antithyroid Agent in the management of thyrotoxicosis, all patients used PTU for the management of hyperthyroidism. All TFTs were normalized in only less than one-third of the participants. Resolution of symptoms took longer period of time than expected.

Emneteab Mesfin Ayele - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Normalization of thyroid function tests among thyrotoxicosis patients attending a University Hospital in North-West Ethiopia
    Thyroid Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes, Emneteab Mesfin Ayele, Soliana Alemayehu Tesfaye, Mohammed Assen Seid
    Abstract:

    Background Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical state that results from inappropriately high thyroid hormone action in tissues. Although it is one of the common endocrine disorders, there is scarcity of data on the management of thyrotoxicosis in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to investigate treatment outcomes and determinants of treatment outcomes among hyperthyroid patients on Antithyroid drugs attending a teaching hospital in Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on medical records of patients with thyrotoxicosis who had attended the medical inpatient ward and chronic ambulatory clinic of the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia between June 2013 and April 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize socio-demographic and other baseline information. A cox regression method was used to determine factors associated with normalization of thyroid function tests (TFTs). All statistical tests were performed using STATA version 14. Results Data from a total 211 patients were eventually analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 47.25 ± 14.26 years with female majority (94.31%). The most common etiology was toxic multinodular goiter (54.90%). Because methimazole or carbimazole are not easily available locally, all of the patients included in this study were taking propylthiouracil (PTU). Nearly 9 out of 10 patients (90.38%) had symptom resolution within a mean period of 5.37 (± 6.59) months. Sixty-two (29.81%) and 122 (58.65%) patients achieved normalization of TSH and FT4, respectively during the study period. The mean time to normalization of TSH and FT4 was 13 (±13.28) and 11.53 (±13.39) months, respectively. On the other hand, T3 and all three TFTs were normalized only among 79 (38.16%) and 55 (26.32%) patients, respectively. Older age and higher baseline FT4 levels were shown to modestly reduce the chances of achieving normalization of TSH. Conclusion Though PTU is not the preferred Antithyroid Agent in the management of thyrotoxicosis, all patients used PTU for the management of hyperthyroidism. All TFTs were normalized in only less than one-third of the participants. Resolution of symptoms took longer period of time than expected.

  • normalization of thyroid function tests among thyrotoxicosis patients attending a university hospital in north west ethiopia
    Thyroid Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes, Emneteab Mesfin Ayele, Soliana Alemayehu Tesfaye, Mohammed Assen Seid
    Abstract:

    Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical state that results from inappropriately high thyroid hormone action in tissues. Although it is one of the common endocrine disorders, there is scarcity of data on the management of thyrotoxicosis in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to investigate treatment outcomes and determinants of treatment outcomes among hyperthyroid patients on Antithyroid drugs attending a teaching hospital in Ethiopia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on medical records of patients with thyrotoxicosis who had attended the medical inpatient ward and chronic ambulatory clinic of the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia between June 2013 and April 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize socio-demographic and other baseline information. A cox regression method was used to determine factors associated with normalization of thyroid function tests (TFTs). All statistical tests were performed using STATA version 14. Data from a total 211 patients were eventually analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 47.25 ± 14.26 years with female majority (94.31%). The most common etiology was toxic multinodular goiter (54.90%). Because methimazole or carbimazole are not easily available locally, all of the patients included in this study were taking propylthiouracil (PTU). Nearly 9 out of 10 patients (90.38%) had symptom resolution within a mean period of 5.37 (± 6.59) months. Sixty-two (29.81%) and 122 (58.65%) patients achieved normalization of TSH and FT4, respectively during the study period. The mean time to normalization of TSH and FT4 was 13 (±13.28) and 11.53 (±13.39) months, respectively. On the other hand, T3 and all three TFTs were normalized only among 79 (38.16%) and 55 (26.32%) patients, respectively. Older age and higher baseline FT4 levels were shown to modestly reduce the chances of achieving normalization of TSH. Though PTU is not the preferred Antithyroid Agent in the management of thyrotoxicosis, all patients used PTU for the management of hyperthyroidism. All TFTs were normalized in only less than one-third of the participants. Resolution of symptoms took longer period of time than expected.

Minamimoto Takafumi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Behavioral characteristics of low motivation and its relation to serotonin in a primate model of depression
    2019
    Co-Authors: Minamimoto Takafumi, Nagai Yuji, Oh-nishi Arata, Yukiko Hori, Suhara Tetsuya
    Abstract:

    The motivation to engage in behavior arises from both incentive factors (e.g., size or timing of reward) and drive (e.g., thirst or hunger). Motivation is also affected by mood, which is related to mental or biological states as well. For example, depression is associated with low motivation in general. What is altered in motivational function in the brain in depression? Here we studied motivational alteration in depression with a monkey model of hypothyroidism, which is associated with symptoms, such as fatigue or depression. Three monkeys were injected with Antithyroid Agent, methimazole (10-100 mg/day), which inhibits production of thyroid hormone. After about a month of application, the thyroxin level became less than half of normal (5 -> 2.5 mu g/dl). We examined the behavioral effect of hypothyroidism by using a reward-size task (Minamimoto et al., 2009). In this task, the monkey earned a reward if it correctly released a bar after a signal changes to green. A visual cue presented at the beginning of each trial indicated the size of the reward (1, 2, 4 or 8 drops) after the correct bar release. In the hypothyroid state, the monkey\u27s error rate went up dramatically without increasing reaction time. To analyze the effect quantitatively, we fitted the data with an inverse function of reward size with 2 free parameters, reward sensitive and reward unrelated terms. We found significant decrease of reward sensitivity (0.6 +/- 0.2 of normal) and increase of reward-unrelated "general errors" of 5.3 +/- 2.8%. Moreover, by application of SSRI (citalopram, 1-8 mg/day), the general error dropped without recovery of reward-size sensitivity. These results suggest that the hypothyroid-induced low motivational state can be characterized by reward desensitization and increase of general error, and that the latter is associated with a low serotonin level.Neuroscience 2010, SfN\u27s 40th annual meetin

  • Behavioral characteristics of low motivation and its relation to serotonin in a primate model of depression
    2019
    Co-Authors: Minamimoto Takafumi, Nagai Yuji, Oh-nishi Arata, Yukiko Hori, Suhara Tetsuya
    Abstract:

    The motivation to engage in behavior arises from both incentive factors (e.g., size or timing of reward) and drive (e.g., thirst or hunger). Motivation is also affected by mood, which is related to mental or biological states as well. For example, depression is associated with low motivation in general. What is altered in motivational function in the brain in depression? Here we studied motivational alteration in depression with a monkey model of hypothyroidism, which is associated with symptoms, such as fatigue or depression. Three monkeys were injected with Antithyroid Agent, methimazole (10-100 mg/day), which inhibits production of thyroid hormone. After about a month of application, the thyroxin level became less than half of normal (5 -> 2.5 mu g/dl). We examined the behavioral effect of hypothyroidism by using a reward-size task (Minamimoto et al., 2009). In this task, the monkey earned a reward if it correctly released a bar after a signal changes to green. A visual cue presented at the beginning of each trial indicated the size of the reward (1, 2, 4 or 8 drops) after the correct bar release. In the hypothyroid state, the monkey\u27s error rate went up dramatically without increasing reaction time. To analyze the effect quantitatively, we fitted the data with an inverse function of reward size with 2 free parameters, reward sensitive and reward unrelated terms. We found significant decrease of reward sensitivity (0.6 +/- 0.2 of normal) and increase of reward-unrelated "general errors" of 5.3 +/- 2.8%. Moreover, by application of SSRI (citalopram, 1-8 mg/day), the general error dropped without recovery of reward-size sensitivity. These results suggest that the hypothyroid-induced low motivational state can be characterized by reward desensitization and increase of general error, and that the latter is associated with a low serotonin level.第33回日本神経科学大会（Neuro2010

  • Changes in dopaminergic function associated with low motivation in a primate model of hypothyroidism: a PET study
    2019
    Co-Authors: Hori Yukiko, Nagai Yuji, Oh-nishi Arata, Suhara Tetsuya, Minamimoto Takafumi
    Abstract:

    The motivation to engage in action can be influenced not only by the value of outcome but also by moods of the subject. We previously reported low motivational state in a monkey model of hypothyroidism, which was characterized by lower instrumental task performance (Minamimoto et al., SFN 2010). Since dopamine has a major role in reward and motivation, we hypothesized that hypothyroidism induces dysfunctions of the dopaminergic system, which in turn lead to low motivation. To address this issue, we examined dopamine receptor density in hypothyroidism model monkeys using positron emission tomography (PET). PET scan data were obtained with [11C]FLB457 (high affinity for extrastriatal D2 receptors) for both pre-hypothyroid control and hypothyroid state. Hypothyroid state was defined as when the monkey\u27s thyroxin level reached less than 2 µg/dl continuously after administration of Antithyroid Agent (methimazole, 100 mg/day) for 2 months. The analysis of parametric images of control and hypothyroidism revealed increased binding potential of [11C]FLB457 in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). This result suggests that the upregulation of D2 receptors occurred by the decrease of dopamine release in VMPFC in hypothyroidism, resulting in low motivation for task performance.Neuroscience 2011, SfN\u27s 41th annual meetin

  • Alteration of dopaminergic function in a primate model of hypothyroidism revealed by PET
    2019
    Co-Authors: Yukiko Hori, Nagai Yuji, Oh-nishi Arata, Suhara Tetsuya, Minamimoto Takafumi
    Abstract:

    Motivation toward action is affected by predicted outcome (e.g., reward size), desire for the outcome (e.g., hunger or thirst), as well as mood of the subject. Our previous study indicated that low motivational state is characterized by instrumental task performance in a monkey model of hypothyroidism, which is associated with symptoms of fatigue or depression (Minamimoto et al., 2010, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr). It has been shown that performance of goal-directed action is affected by dopaminergic manipulations (e.g., lesion or drug). We hypothesized that hypothyroidism induces dysfunctions of the dopaminergic system, which in turn lead to low motivation. Here, we studied dopamine receptor density in hypothyroidism model monkeys using positron emission tomography (PET). PET scan data were obtained with [11C]FLB457 (high affinity for extrastriatal D2 receptors) for both pre-hypothyroid control and hypothyroid state. Hypothyroid state was defined as when the monkey\u27s thyroxin level reached less than 2 micro g/dl continuously after administration of Antithyroid Agent (methimazole, 100 mg/day) for 2 months. The subtraction image of [11C]FLB457 of control from hypothyroidism revealed the binding potential of D2 receptors as being increased specifically in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). This result suggests that the upregulation of D2 receptors occurred by the decrease of dopamine release in VMPFC in hypothyroidism, resulting in low motivation for task performance.第34回日本神経科学大会（Neuro2011