The Experts below are selected from a list of 19722 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Frank Sullivan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antiviral treatment for bell s palsy idiopathic facial paralysis
2015Co-Authors: Ildiko Gagyor, Vishnu Madhok, Fergus Daly, Dhruvashree Somasundara, Michael Sullivan, Fiona Gammie, Frank SullivanAbstract:BACKGROUND: Corticosteroids are widely used in the treatment of idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell's palsy), but the effectiveness of additional treatment with an antiviral agent is uncertain. Significant morbidity can be associated with severe cases of Bell's palsy.OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of antiviral treatments alone or in combination with any other therapy for Bell's palsy.METHODS:Search methods:On 7 October 2014 we searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, DARE, NHS EED, and HTA. We also reviewed the bibliographies of the identified trials and contacted trial authors and known experts in the field and relevant drug companies to identify additional published or unpublished data. We searched clinical trials registries for ongoing studies.Selection criteria:We considered randomised controlled trials or quasi-randomised controlled trials of Antivirals with and without corticosteroids versus control therapies for the treatment of Bell's palsy.We excluded trials that had a high risk of bias in several domains.Data collection and analysis:Pairs of authors independently assessed trials for relevance, eligibility, and risk of bias, using standard Cochrane procedures.MAIN RESULTS: Eleven trials, including 2883 participants, met the inclusion criteria and are included in the final analysis. We added four studies to the previous review for this update. Some of the trials were small, and a number were at high or unclear risk of bias. Other trials did not meet current best standards in allocation concealment and blinding. Incomplete recovery:We found no significant benefit from adding Antivirals to corticosteroids in comparison with corticosteroids alone for people with Bell's palsy (risk ratio (RR) 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47 to 1.02, n = 1715). For people with severe Bell's palsy (House Brackmann scores of 5 and 6 or the equivalent in other scales), we found aMotor synkinesis or crocodile tears:In three trials comparing Antivirals and corticosteroids with corticosteroids and placebo that assessed this outcome, we found a significant difference in long-term sequelae in favour or Antivirals plus corticosteroids (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.99, n = 869). Three trials comparing Antivirals alone with corticosteroids alone investigating this outcome showed fewer sequelae with corticosteroids (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.85, n = 873). We found no data on long-term sequelae for other comparisons.Adverse events:Adverse event data were available in three studies giving comparison data on 1528 participants. None of the four comparisons (Antivirals plus corticosteroids versus corticosteroids plus placebo or no treatment; Antivirals versus corticosteroids; Antivirals plus corticosteroids versus placebo; Antivirals versus placebo) showed significant differences in adverse events between treatment and control arms. We could find no correlation with specific treatment within these results.AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Moderate-quality evidence from randomised controlled trials showed no additional benefit from the combination of Antivirals with corticosteroids compared to corticosteroids alone or with placebo, and no benefit from Antivirals alone compared to placebo, for the treatment of Bell's palsy. Moderate-quality evidence showed a small but just significant benefit of combination therapy compared with corticosteroids alone in severe Bell's palsy. We found no significant increase in adverse events from the use of Antivirals compared with either placebo or corticosteroids.
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withdrawn antiviral treatment for bell s palsy idiopathic facial paralysis
2015Co-Authors: Ildiko Gagyor, Vishnu Madhok, Fergus Daly, Dhruvashree Somasundara, Michael Sullivan, Fiona Gammie, Frank SullivanAbstract:Background Corticosteroids are widely used in the treatment of idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell's palsy), but the effectiveness of additional treatment with an antiviral agent is uncertain. Significant morbidity can be associated with severe cases of Bell's palsy. Objectives To assess the effects of antiviral treatments alone or in combination with any other therapy for Bell's palsy. Search methods On 7 October 2014 we searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, DARE, NHS EED, and HTA. We also reviewed the bibliographies of the identified trials and contacted trial authors and known experts in the field and relevant drug companies to identify additional published or unpublished data. We searched clinical trials registries for ongoing studies. Selection criteria We considered randomised controlled trials or quasi-randomised controlled trials of Antivirals with and without corticosteroids versus control therapies for the treatment of Bell's palsy. We excluded trials that had a high risk of bias in several domains. Data collection and analysis Pairs of authors independently assessed trials for relevance, eligibility, and risk of bias, using standard Cochrane procedures. Main results Eleven trials, including 2883 participants, met the inclusion criteria and are included in the final analysis. We added four studies to the previous review for this update. Some of the trials were small, and a number were at high or unclear risk of bias. Other trials did not meet current best standards in allocation concealment and blinding. Incomplete recoveryWe found no significant benefit from adding Antivirals to corticosteroids in comparison with corticosteroids alone for people with Bell's palsy (risk ratio (RR) 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47 to 1.02, n = 1715). For people with severe Bell's palsy (House-Brackmann scores of 5 and 6 or the equivalent in other scales), we found a reduction in the rate of incomplete recovery at month six when Antivirals plus corticosteroids were used (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.99, n = 478). The outcome for the participants receiving corticosteroids alone was significantly better than for those receiving Antivirals alone (RR 2.09, 95% CI 1.36 to 3.20, n = 1169). The treatment effect of placebo was significantly lower than that of Antivirals plus corticosteroids (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.76, n = 658). Antivirals alone had a non-significant detrimental effect on the outcome compared with placebo (RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.40, n = 658). Motor synkinesis or crocodile tearsIn three trials comparing Antivirals and corticosteroids with corticosteroids and placebo that assessed this outcome, we found a significant difference in long-term sequelae in favour or Antivirals plus corticosteroids (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.99, n = 869). Three trials comparing Antivirals alone with corticosteroids alone investigating this outcome showed fewer sequelae with corticosteroids (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.85, n = 873). We found no data on long-term sequelae for other comparisons. Adverse events Adverse event data were available in three studies giving comparison data on 1528 participants. None of the four comparisons (Antivirals plus corticosteroids versus corticosteroids plus placebo or no treatment; Antivirals versus corticosteroids; Antivirals plus corticosteroids versus placebo; Antivirals versus placebo) showed significant differences in adverse events between treatment and control arms. We could find no correlation with specific treatment within these results. Authors' conclusions Moderate-quality evidence from randomised controlled trials showed no additional benefit from the combination of Antivirals with corticosteroids compared to corticosteroids alone or with placebo, and no benefit from Antivirals alone compared to placebo, for the treatment of Bell's palsy. Moderate-quality evidence showed a small but just significant benefit of combination therapy compared with corticosteroids alone in severe Bell's palsy. We found no significant increase in adverse events from the use of Antivirals compared with either placebo or corticosteroids.
Jun Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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exploring ugi azide four component reaction products for broad spectrum influenza Antivirals with a high genetic barrier to drug resistance
2018Co-Authors: Jiantao Zhang, Yuanxiang Wang, Yanmei Hu, Christopher Foley, Rami Musharrafieh, Shuting Xu, Yongtao Zhang, Christopher Hulme, Jun WangAbstract:Influenza viruses are respiratory pathogens that are responsible for seasonal influenza and sporadic influenza pandemic. The therapeutic efficacy of current influenza vaccines and small molecule antiviral drugs is limited due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant influenza viruses. In response to the urgent need for the next generation of influenza Antivirals, we utilized a fast-track drug discovery platform by exploring multi-component reaction products for antiviral drug candidates. Specifically, molecular docking was applied to screen a small molecule library derived from the Ugi-azide four-component reaction methodology for inhibitors that target the influenza polymerase PAC-PB1N interactions. One hit compound 5 was confirmed to inhibit PAC-PB1N interactions in an ELISA assay and had potent antiviral activity in an antiviral plaque assay. Subsequent structure-activity relationship studies led to the discovery of compound 12a, which had broad-spectrum antiviral activity and a higher in vitro genetic barrier to drug resistance than oseltamivir. Overall, the discovery of compound 12a as a broad-spectrum influenza antiviral with a high in vitro genetic barrier to drug resistance is significant, as it offers a second line of defense to combat the next influenza epidemics and pandemics if vaccines and oseltamivir fail to confine the disease outbreak.
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design and expeditious synthesis of organosilanes as potent Antivirals targeting multidrug resistant influenza a viruses
2017Co-Authors: Yuanxiang Wang, Jun WangAbstract:The efficacy of current influenza vaccines and small molecule antiviral drugs is curtailed by the emerging of multidrug-resistant influenza viruses. As resistance to the only FDA-approved oral influenza antiviral, oseltamivir (Tamiflu), continues to rise, there is a clear need to develop the next-generation of antiviral drugs. Since more than 95% of current circulating influenza A viruses carry the S31N mutation in their M2 genes, the AM2-S31N mutant proton channel represents an attractive target for the development of broad-spectrum Antivirals. In this study we report the design and synthesis of the first class of organosilanes that have potent antiviral activity against a panel of human clinical isolates of influenza A viruses, including viruses that are resistant to amantadine, oseltamivir, or both.
Ildiko Gagyor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antiviral treatment for bell s palsy idiopathic facial paralysis
2015Co-Authors: Ildiko Gagyor, Vishnu Madhok, Fergus Daly, Dhruvashree Somasundara, Michael Sullivan, Fiona Gammie, Frank SullivanAbstract:BACKGROUND: Corticosteroids are widely used in the treatment of idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell's palsy), but the effectiveness of additional treatment with an antiviral agent is uncertain. Significant morbidity can be associated with severe cases of Bell's palsy.OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of antiviral treatments alone or in combination with any other therapy for Bell's palsy.METHODS:Search methods:On 7 October 2014 we searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, DARE, NHS EED, and HTA. We also reviewed the bibliographies of the identified trials and contacted trial authors and known experts in the field and relevant drug companies to identify additional published or unpublished data. We searched clinical trials registries for ongoing studies.Selection criteria:We considered randomised controlled trials or quasi-randomised controlled trials of Antivirals with and without corticosteroids versus control therapies for the treatment of Bell's palsy.We excluded trials that had a high risk of bias in several domains.Data collection and analysis:Pairs of authors independently assessed trials for relevance, eligibility, and risk of bias, using standard Cochrane procedures.MAIN RESULTS: Eleven trials, including 2883 participants, met the inclusion criteria and are included in the final analysis. We added four studies to the previous review for this update. Some of the trials were small, and a number were at high or unclear risk of bias. Other trials did not meet current best standards in allocation concealment and blinding. Incomplete recovery:We found no significant benefit from adding Antivirals to corticosteroids in comparison with corticosteroids alone for people with Bell's palsy (risk ratio (RR) 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47 to 1.02, n = 1715). For people with severe Bell's palsy (House Brackmann scores of 5 and 6 or the equivalent in other scales), we found aMotor synkinesis or crocodile tears:In three trials comparing Antivirals and corticosteroids with corticosteroids and placebo that assessed this outcome, we found a significant difference in long-term sequelae in favour or Antivirals plus corticosteroids (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.99, n = 869). Three trials comparing Antivirals alone with corticosteroids alone investigating this outcome showed fewer sequelae with corticosteroids (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.85, n = 873). We found no data on long-term sequelae for other comparisons.Adverse events:Adverse event data were available in three studies giving comparison data on 1528 participants. None of the four comparisons (Antivirals plus corticosteroids versus corticosteroids plus placebo or no treatment; Antivirals versus corticosteroids; Antivirals plus corticosteroids versus placebo; Antivirals versus placebo) showed significant differences in adverse events between treatment and control arms. We could find no correlation with specific treatment within these results.AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Moderate-quality evidence from randomised controlled trials showed no additional benefit from the combination of Antivirals with corticosteroids compared to corticosteroids alone or with placebo, and no benefit from Antivirals alone compared to placebo, for the treatment of Bell's palsy. Moderate-quality evidence showed a small but just significant benefit of combination therapy compared with corticosteroids alone in severe Bell's palsy. We found no significant increase in adverse events from the use of Antivirals compared with either placebo or corticosteroids.
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withdrawn antiviral treatment for bell s palsy idiopathic facial paralysis
2015Co-Authors: Ildiko Gagyor, Vishnu Madhok, Fergus Daly, Dhruvashree Somasundara, Michael Sullivan, Fiona Gammie, Frank SullivanAbstract:Background Corticosteroids are widely used in the treatment of idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell's palsy), but the effectiveness of additional treatment with an antiviral agent is uncertain. Significant morbidity can be associated with severe cases of Bell's palsy. Objectives To assess the effects of antiviral treatments alone or in combination with any other therapy for Bell's palsy. Search methods On 7 October 2014 we searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, DARE, NHS EED, and HTA. We also reviewed the bibliographies of the identified trials and contacted trial authors and known experts in the field and relevant drug companies to identify additional published or unpublished data. We searched clinical trials registries for ongoing studies. Selection criteria We considered randomised controlled trials or quasi-randomised controlled trials of Antivirals with and without corticosteroids versus control therapies for the treatment of Bell's palsy. We excluded trials that had a high risk of bias in several domains. Data collection and analysis Pairs of authors independently assessed trials for relevance, eligibility, and risk of bias, using standard Cochrane procedures. Main results Eleven trials, including 2883 participants, met the inclusion criteria and are included in the final analysis. We added four studies to the previous review for this update. Some of the trials were small, and a number were at high or unclear risk of bias. Other trials did not meet current best standards in allocation concealment and blinding. Incomplete recoveryWe found no significant benefit from adding Antivirals to corticosteroids in comparison with corticosteroids alone for people with Bell's palsy (risk ratio (RR) 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47 to 1.02, n = 1715). For people with severe Bell's palsy (House-Brackmann scores of 5 and 6 or the equivalent in other scales), we found a reduction in the rate of incomplete recovery at month six when Antivirals plus corticosteroids were used (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.99, n = 478). The outcome for the participants receiving corticosteroids alone was significantly better than for those receiving Antivirals alone (RR 2.09, 95% CI 1.36 to 3.20, n = 1169). The treatment effect of placebo was significantly lower than that of Antivirals plus corticosteroids (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.76, n = 658). Antivirals alone had a non-significant detrimental effect on the outcome compared with placebo (RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.40, n = 658). Motor synkinesis or crocodile tearsIn three trials comparing Antivirals and corticosteroids with corticosteroids and placebo that assessed this outcome, we found a significant difference in long-term sequelae in favour or Antivirals plus corticosteroids (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.99, n = 869). Three trials comparing Antivirals alone with corticosteroids alone investigating this outcome showed fewer sequelae with corticosteroids (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.85, n = 873). We found no data on long-term sequelae for other comparisons. Adverse events Adverse event data were available in three studies giving comparison data on 1528 participants. None of the four comparisons (Antivirals plus corticosteroids versus corticosteroids plus placebo or no treatment; Antivirals versus corticosteroids; Antivirals plus corticosteroids versus placebo; Antivirals versus placebo) showed significant differences in adverse events between treatment and control arms. We could find no correlation with specific treatment within these results. Authors' conclusions Moderate-quality evidence from randomised controlled trials showed no additional benefit from the combination of Antivirals with corticosteroids compared to corticosteroids alone or with placebo, and no benefit from Antivirals alone compared to placebo, for the treatment of Bell's palsy. Moderate-quality evidence showed a small but just significant benefit of combination therapy compared with corticosteroids alone in severe Bell's palsy. We found no significant increase in adverse events from the use of Antivirals compared with either placebo or corticosteroids.
Hin Chu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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broad spectrum host based Antivirals targeting the interferon and lipogenesis pathways as potential treatment options for the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 covid 19
2020Co-Authors: Shuofeng Yuan, Chris Chunyiu Chan, Kenn Ka Heng Chik, Jessica Oiling Tsang, Ronghui Liang, Jianli Cao, Kaiming Tang, Jian Piao Cai, Feifei Yin, Hin ChuAbstract:The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) signals an urgent need for an expansion in treatment options. In this study, we investigated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of 22 antiviral agents with known broad-spectrum antiviral activities against coronaviruses and/or other viruses. They were first evaluated in our primary screening in VeroE6 cells and then the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiviral agents were further evaluated using viral antigen expression, viral load reduction, and plaque reduction assays. In addition to remdesivir, lopinavir, and chloroquine, our primary screening additionally identified types I and II recombinant interferons, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and AM580 as the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents among the 22 antiviral agents. Betaferon (interferon-β1b) exhibited the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in viral antigen expression, viral load reduction, and plaque reduction assays among the recombinant interferons. The lipogenesis modulators 25-hydroxycholesterol and AM580 exhibited EC50 at low micromolar levels and selectivity indices of >10.0. Combinational use of these host-based antiviral agents with virus-based Antivirals to target different processes of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle should be evaluated in animal models and/or clinical trials.
J D Russell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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synergistic in vitro interactions between alpha interferon and ribavirin against bovine viral diarrhea virus and yellow fever virus as surrogate models of hepatitis c virus replication
2003Co-Authors: Victor E Buckwold, Michelle Wenzelmathers, J D RussellAbstract:Monotherapy of hepatitis C virus infection with either alpha interferon or ribavirin alone is rather ineffective, while the use of the two Antivirals together is much more efficacious. In vitro drug-drug combination analysis utilizing related members of the family Flaviviridae, bovine viral diarrhea virus and yellow fever virus, revealed significant direct synergistic interactions between these drugs' antiviral activities that might explain this clinical observation.