The Experts below are selected from a list of 57261 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Paul Eden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Practices of Apartheid as a War Crime: A Critical Analysis
Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 2013, 2014Co-Authors: Paul EdenAbstract:The human suffering caused by the political ideology of Apartheid in South Africa during the Apartheid era (1948-1994) prompted worldwide condemnation and a variety of diplomatic and legal responses. Amongst these responses was the attempt to have Apartheid recognised both as a crime against humanity in the 1973 Apartheid Convention as well as a war crime in Article 85(4)(c) of Additional Protocol I. This article examines the origins, nature and current status of the practices of Apartheid as a war crime and its possible application to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
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The Role of the Rome Statute in the Criminalization of Apartheid
Journal of International Criminal Justice, 2014Co-Authors: Paul EdenAbstract:The article challenges the assertion that the Apartheid system in South Africa was a crime under customary international law giving rise to individual responsibility prior to the drafting of the 1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The article also examines the role of the Rome Statute in the criminalisation of Apartheid and assesses the current status of the crime of Apartheid in customary international law with particular reference to the principle of legality (nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege). Nothing in this article should be read as condoning the gross violations of human rights that resulted from the policies of Apartheid in South Africa in any way.
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The Role of the Rome Statute in the Criminalization of Apartheid
Social Science Research Network, 2013Co-Authors: Paul EdenAbstract:The article challenges the assertion that the Apartheid system in South Africa was a crime against humanity under customary international law giving rise to individual responsibility prior to the drafting of the 1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The article also examines the role of the Rome Statute in the criminalization of Apartheid and assesses the current status of the crime of Apartheid in customary international law with particular reference to the principle of legality (nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege). Nothing in the article should be read as condoning the gross violations of human rights that resulted from the policies of Apartheid in South Africa in any way.
Tamara Rice Lave - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Nation at Prayer, a Nation in Hate: Apartheid in South Africa
Social Science Research Network, 1994Co-Authors: Tamara Rice LaveAbstract:The year 1948 marks the birth of the repressive Apartheid regime in South Africa. Apartheid, or "separate development," divided people solely on the basis of skin color. Those officially classified as black had few right. Ironically, while this policy was developed by devout Christians and legitimized through some official Christian bodies, Christianity has also been instrumental in the opposition to Apartheid and its recent demise. This note will discuss the role of religion in the rise and fall of Apartheid in South Africa. It begins with a look at how the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) helped legitimize Apartheid. It then describes the DRC's use of theology in the development and perpetuation of Apartheid. Finally, it details various religious critiques of Apartheid and the DRC's responses to these critiques.
Michaela Hordijk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Urban Water Governance for More Inclusive Development: A Reflection on the ‘Waterscapes’ of Durban, South Africa
The European Journal of Development Research, 2015Co-Authors: Catherine Sutherland, Dianne Scott, Michaela HordijkAbstract:Les politiques post-Apartheids ont censé les acteurs municipaux à Durban d’achever soit la croissance économique, soit l’inclusivite. Pourtant, ils sont confrontés avec des profondes inégalités spatiales et socio-économiques, dérivant de l’époque de l’Apartheid, ainsi que les inégalités créés par une urbanisation très rapide. Cet article analyse gouvernance des eaux urbaine à Durban at son expression à travers la construction de l’espace, ou ‘waterscape’ (en anglais). L’approche pris par l’Unité de l’Eau et de l’Assainissement d’eThekwini est reconnu internationalement grâce à son inclusivité. Ici on argumente que le ‘waterscape’ – y défini comme un espace discursif pour les multiples relations entre les différents acteurs, leurs coalitions, leurs relations politiques, les technologies et infrastructures, alors même qu’ils construisent et contestent l’espace urbain sous toutes ses formes – au même temps exemplifie et défie la notion d’inclusivité. Cet étude révèle que l’accès presque universel a l’eau potable et a l’assainissement a été mis en place à travers une transformation progressive, mais que cala a produit une ‘waterscape’ très inégale à Durban. Post-Apartheid policies have tasked Durban’s municipal actors with the responsibility of achieving both inclusiveness and economic growth. However, they are confronted with the deep spatial and socio-economic inequalities resulting from Apartheid, as well as the pressure generated by rapid urbanisation. This article analyses Durban’s water governance regime and its spatial expression or ‘waterscape’. eThekwini Water and Sanitation Unit’s (EWS) approach to water and sanitation provision has gained international recognition for its inclusiveness. This article argues that the resulting ‘waterscape’ – understood as the outcome of the interaction of actor coalitions and their power relations, discourses and knowledges, technologies and infrastructures, which are embedded in multiple spaces that come together simultaneously – exemplifies and challenges the notion of inclusiveness. This article reveals that almost universal access to basic water and sanitation has been achieved through incremental transformation, but that this has produced a highly uneven waterscape in Durban.
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Urban Water Governance for More Inclusive Development: A Reflection on the ‘Waterscapes’ of Durban, South Africa
The European Journal of Development Research, 2015Co-Authors: Catherine Sutherland, Dianne Scott, Michaela HordijkAbstract:Les politiques post-Apartheids ont censé les acteurs municipaux à Durban d’achever soit la croissance économique, soit l’inclusivite. Pourtant, ils sont confrontés avec des profondes inégalités spatiales et socio-économiques, dérivant de l’époque de l’Apartheid, ainsi que les inégalités créés par une urbanisation très rapide. Cet article analyse gouvernance des eaux urbaine à Durban at son expression à travers la construction de l’espace, ou ‘waterscape’ (en anglais). L’approche pris par l’Unité de l’Eau et de l’Assainissement d’eThekwini est reconnu internationalement grâce à son inclusivité. Ici on argumente que le ‘waterscape’ – y défini comme un espace discursif pour les multiples relations entre les différents acteurs, leurs coalitions, leurs relations politiques, les technologies et infrastructures, alors même qu’ils construisent et contestent l’espace urbain sous toutes ses formes – au même temps exemplifie et défie la notion d’inclusivité. Cet étude révèle que l’accès presque universel a l’eau potable et a l’assainissement a été mis en place à travers une transformation progressive, mais que cala a produit une ‘waterscape’ très inégale à Durban. Post-Apartheid policies have tasked Durban’s municipal actors with the responsibility of achieving both inclusiveness and economic growth. However, they are confronted with the deep spatial and socio-economic inequalities resulting from Apartheid, as well as the pressure generated by rapid urbanisation. This article analyses Durban’s water governance regime and its spatial expression or ‘waterscape’. eThekwini Water and Sanitation Unit’s (EWS) approach to water and sanitation provision has gained international recognition for its inclusiveness. This article argues that the resulting ‘waterscape’ – understood as the outcome of the interaction of actor coalitions and their power relations, discourses and knowledges, technologies and infrastructures, which are embedded in multiple spaces that come together simultaneously – exemplifies and challenges the notion of inclusiveness. This article reveals that almost universal access to basic water and sanitation has been achieved through incremental transformation, but that this has produced a highly uneven waterscape in Durban.
Tsenolo M. Seloma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Women's voices, women's lives: Qwaqwa women's experiences of the Apartheid and post-Apartheid eras
Journal for Contemporary History, 2018Co-Authors: Munyaradzi Mushonga, Tsenolo M. SelomaAbstract:Spivak’s (1988; 1995) famous question, “Can the Subaltern speak” holds important connotations about many people living on the margins of society. It has greater significance for the sexed subaltern subjects who cannot speak and who cannot be heard because they are doubly-oppressed. In many post-liberation regimes on the African continent this is a troubling question. It is a troubling question because the end of colonialism and Apartheid did not necessarily translate into major gains for most of society, and women in particular, who, like men, actively participated in, or supported the struggle against colonialism and Apartheid. This article, based on the voices of rural and urban women from the former “homeland” of Qwaqwa, South Africa, brings to the fore their experiences, as well as perceptions of both the Apartheid and post-Apartheid eras. It has established that women were much more oppressed under Apartheid than they are today. Thus, while the social status of women has changed for the better, gender discrimination and gender-based violence persist, reinforcing the motion that even in post-Apartheid South Africa women have no voice. The extent to which social security grants are entrenching the culture of dependency and entitlement as claimed by our interviewees, calls for further academic scrutiny, and so does the perceived increase in the trafficking of women and children in post-Apartheid South Africa.
Genevieve Klein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Publicising the African National Congress: The Anti-Apartheid News
South African Historical Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Genevieve KleinAbstract:ABSTRACT Harnessing international support for the struggle against Apartheid was a major aspect of international solidarity work, and publicising the atrocities of Apartheid and the role of the liberation movements in combating Apartheid was therefore a campaign priority. The British Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) emphasised informing the British public about developments in South Africa as one of its core functions. In this article one aspect of this activity – namely the AAM's own publication, The Anti-Apartheid News – is analysed. A survey of the paper illustrates how the AAM used it to inform the British public about both Apartheid and the African National Congress's (ANC) history and ideology. Through the newspaper the AAM was able to increase international solidarity with and support for the ANC. The article argues that the AAM therefore played a pivotal role in popularising the ANC and helping to establish its reputation internationally as the authentic representative of the people of South Africa.
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Nederland tegen Apartheid. The role of anti-Apartheid organisations 1960-1990
Journal of Contemporary History, 2004Co-Authors: Genevieve KleinAbstract:In the early 1990s, during a visit to the Netherlands, Nelson Mandela specially thanked the Netherlands for the role they had played in helping to bring Apartheid to an end, and more specifically for their support for the African National Congress (ANC). However, on considering the actions of the Netherlands' government during the Apartheid period, it becomes apparent that the government did not take major steps to help end Apartheid.
