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Cristina Romani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ARTICLE NO. BL981958 Syllabic Constraints in the Phonological Errors of an Aphasic Patient
    2015
    Co-Authors: Cristina Romani, Andrea Calabrese
    Abstract:

    The Sonority Dispersion Principle (Clements, 1990) states that the sharper the rise in sonority between the beginning of the syllable and the nucleus, the better the syllable. So far evidence in favour of this principle has been derived mainly from the distributional properties of syllable types and, to a lesser extent, from language acquisition. The case of DB, presented in this study, provides strong evi-dence that the Sonority Dispersion Principle also applies to an explanation of Aphasic errors and revives Jakobson’s idea that the same principles of complexity can ex-plain the distribution of syllables, language acquisition, and language loss ( Jakob-son, 1941, 1968). Although some evidence that sonority constraints Aphasic errors has been presented before, this is the first study reporting systematic effects of sonority-based complexity in aphasia. ª 1998 Academic Press Phonological errors occur very commonly in Aphasic Patients. Studies en-dorsing traditional, clinical classifications of aphasia have reported that they occur in all major types of aphasia, Broca’s, Wernicke’s, and conduction, and with similar characteristics (e.g., Blumstein, 1978). In a cognitive frame-work, phonological errors can be attributed to different stages of a production model: they may arise because the correct entry in the phonological lexicon cannot be accessed (lexical access), because the right sequence of phoneme

  • morphological compound dysgraphia in an Aphasic Patient a wild write through the lexicon
    Cognitive Neuropsychology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Tobias Bormann, Cristina Romani, Andrew Olson, Clausw Wallesch
    Abstract:

    We describe the case of a dysgraphic Aphasic individual-S.G.W.-who, in writing to dictation, produced high rates of formally related errors consisting of both lexical substitutions and what we call morphological-compound errors involving legal or illegal combinations of morphemes. These errors were produced in the context of a minimal number of semantic errors. We could exclude problems with phonological discrimination and phonological short-term memory. We also excluded rapid decay of lexical information and/or weak activation of word forms and letter representations since S.G.W.'s spelling showed no effect of delay and no consistent length effects, but, instead, paradoxical complexity effects with segmental, lexical, and morphological errors that were more complex than the target. The case of S.G.W. strongly resembles that of another dysgraphic individual reported in the literature-D.W.-suggesting that this pattern of errors can be replicated across Patients. In particular, both Patients show unusual errors resulting in the production of neologistic compounds (e.g., "bed button" in response to "bed"). These patterns can be explained if we accept two claims: (a) Brain damage can produce both a reduction and an increase in lexical activation; and (b) there are direct connections between phonological and orthographic lexical representations (a third spelling route). We suggest that both Patients are suffering from a difficulty of lexical selection resulting from excessive activation of formally related lexical representations. This hypothesis is strongly supported by S.G.W.'s worse performance in spelling to dictation than in written naming, which shows that a phonological input, activating a cohort of formally related lexical representations, increases selection difficulties. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.

  • syllabic constraints in the phonological errors of an Aphasic Patient
    Brain and Language, 1998
    Co-Authors: Cristina Romani, Andrea Calabrese
    Abstract:

    The Sonority Dispersion Principle (Clements, 1990) states that the sharper the rise in sonority between the beginning of the syllable and the nucleus, the better the syllable. So far evidence in favour of this principle has been derived mainly from the distributional properties of syllable types and, to a lesser extent, from language acquisition. The case of DB, presented in this study, provides strong evidence that the Sonority Dispersion Principle also applies to an explanation of Aphasic errors and revives Jakobson's idea that the same principles of complexity can explain the distribution of syllables, language acquisition, and language loss (Jakobson, 1941, 1968). Although some evidence that sonority constraints Aphasic errors has been presented before, this is the first study reporting systematic effects of sonority-based complexity in aphasia.

  • the representation of geminate consonants evidence from the phonological errors of an Aphasic Patient
    Journal of Neurolinguistics, 1996
    Co-Authors: Cristina Romani, Andrea Calabrese
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this paper, we report the phonological errors made by an Italian Patient on geminate consonants. DB's geminate errors provide evidence for phonological representations of the type suggested by autosegmental phonology. In particular, they provide evidence for a timing tier that encodes the length of phonological segments and is separate from a melodic tier that encodes the phonological quality of the segments. The distribution of DB's phonological errors is contrasted with the distribution of spelling errors reported in the literature in some forms of dysgraphia. The results suggest differences in the orthographic and phonological representation of geminate consonants.

  • are there distinct input and output buffers evidence from an Aphasic Patient with an impaired output buffer
    Language and Cognitive Processes, 1992
    Co-Authors: Cristina Romani
    Abstract:

    Abstract A Patient is described whose poor repetition of sentences and of lists of words contrasts with his surprisingly good performance on immediate probe recognition tasks. This result is interpreted as suggesting a distinction between a phonological input buffer involved in lexical access and, perhaps, syntactic parsing and a phonological output buffer involved in language production: the former is functioning normally and the latter is impaired. Consistent with this hypothesis, the Patient does not show any comprehension impairment.

Jasmina Vuksanovic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • improvement of language functions in a chronic non fluent post stroke Aphasic Patient following bilateral sequential theta burst magnetic stimulation
    Neurocase, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jasmina Vuksanovic, Milan B Jelic, S Milanovic, Katarina Kacar, Ljubica Konstantinovic, Sasa R Filipovic
    Abstract:

    In chronic non-fluent aphasia Patients, inhibition of the intact right hemisphere (RH), by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or similar methods, can induce improvement in language functions. The supposed mechanism behind this improvement is a release of preserved left hemisphere (LH) language networks from RH transcallosal inhibition. Direct stimulation of the damaged LH can sometimes bring similar results too. Therefore, we developed a novel treatment approach that combined direct LH (Broca's area (BA)) stimulation, by intermittent theta burst stimulation (TBS), with homologue RH area's inhibition, by continuous TBS. We present the results of application of 15 daily sessions of the described treatment approach in a right-handed Patient with chronic post-stroke non-fluent aphasia. The intervention appeared to improve several language functions, but most notably propositional speech, semantic fluency, short-term verbal memory, and verbal learning. Bilateral TBS modulation of activation of the language-related areas of both hemispheres seems to be a feasible and promising way to induce recovery in chronic Aphasic Patients. Due to potentially cumulative physiological effects of bilateral stimulation, the improvements may be even greater than following unilateral interventions.

  • p 240 improvement of language functions in a chronic non fluent post stroke Aphasic Patient following sequential bilateral non invasive neuromodulation by theta burst magnetic stimulation
    Clinical Neurophysiology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Sasa R Filipovic, Jasmina Vuksanovic, Milan B Jelic, S Milanovic, Katarina Kacar, Ljubica Konstantinovic, V Stevanovic, I Avramovic, A Jeremic
    Abstract:

    Question In chronic non-fluent aphasia (nfA) Patients, inhibitory transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols applied over intact right hemisphere (RH) can induce improvement in language functions. Increased activation of preserved left hemisphere (LH) language networks secondary to reduced RH transcallosal inhibition is supposed mechanism. It is unknown whether direct stimulation of LH coupled with inhibition of homologue RH areas might bring similar or even greater effects. Method Patient was 63-year-old right-handed man who 17 moths earlier suffered an ischemic stroke in left middle cerebral artery territory which caused damage in left fronto-temporo-parietal white matter but with relative sparing of cortex. The stroke caused right hemiparesis and severe nfA (one monosyllabic word phrase length). He had an initial rehabilitation program, including speech and language therapy, during first 2 months following stroke, at a specialized residential rehabilitation facility, followed by a fairly regular physiotherapy sessions at a community medical center. He has regained considerable mobility of right limbs, but speech has recovered poorly. Experimental treatment consisted of a series of 15 daily sequential bilateral TMS sessions: inhibitory protocol, continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), over RH Broca’s area homologue followed by a facilitatory protocol, intermittent TBS (iTBS), over LH Broca’s area. During iTBS, short bursts of high-frequency stimulation (3 pulses of 80% aMT intensity at 50 Hz) were applied at 5 Hz every 10s, with 2s train duration and 8s inter-train interval, for a total of 600 pulses during 3.5 min of stimulation. The cTBS was the same except that short bursts of high-frequency stimulation were applied continuously (600 pulses in total). In parallel with TMS treatment, as well as for 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after, Patient received standard individualized speech and language rehabilitation therapy. The Boston Naming Test (BNT) and Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) were used to measure linguistic performance, while Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test(RAVLT) was used for assessment of verbal memory and learning. Neuropsychological testing was carried out for the first time within a week before the first TMS treatment session (baseline test-T0) followed by three re-tests. First re-test (T1) was in the middle of the 2nd week of the TMS treatment, second re-test (T2) was within a week of completing the TMS treatment, and third re-test (T3) was two months later. Results Naming (the BNT score) increased from 17 pictures named at T0 to 21 at T3. However, the greatest improvement occurred in elicited propositional speech (Cookie Theft picture from BDAE). The number of words per phrase used for picture description increased from 2 at T0 to 8 at T3. The performance on semantic verbal fluency task (i.e. the number of animal names generated within a 2-min period) improved greatly, as well, from 5 at T0 to 10 at T3. The number of correct commands performed increased from 8 at T0 to 14 at T3. In addition, significant improvements were observed in short-term verbal memory and verbal learning. Conclusions Described sequential bilateral physiologically balanced TMS modulation of activation of the language related areas of both hemispheres may result in considerable and rather fast language benefits in chronic nfA Patients. Whether this approach is better than usual unilateral stimulation requires further studies.

Andrea Calabrese - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ARTICLE NO. BL981958 Syllabic Constraints in the Phonological Errors of an Aphasic Patient
    2015
    Co-Authors: Cristina Romani, Andrea Calabrese
    Abstract:

    The Sonority Dispersion Principle (Clements, 1990) states that the sharper the rise in sonority between the beginning of the syllable and the nucleus, the better the syllable. So far evidence in favour of this principle has been derived mainly from the distributional properties of syllable types and, to a lesser extent, from language acquisition. The case of DB, presented in this study, provides strong evi-dence that the Sonority Dispersion Principle also applies to an explanation of Aphasic errors and revives Jakobson’s idea that the same principles of complexity can ex-plain the distribution of syllables, language acquisition, and language loss ( Jakob-son, 1941, 1968). Although some evidence that sonority constraints Aphasic errors has been presented before, this is the first study reporting systematic effects of sonority-based complexity in aphasia. ª 1998 Academic Press Phonological errors occur very commonly in Aphasic Patients. Studies en-dorsing traditional, clinical classifications of aphasia have reported that they occur in all major types of aphasia, Broca’s, Wernicke’s, and conduction, and with similar characteristics (e.g., Blumstein, 1978). In a cognitive frame-work, phonological errors can be attributed to different stages of a production model: they may arise because the correct entry in the phonological lexicon cannot be accessed (lexical access), because the right sequence of phoneme

  • syllabic constraints in the phonological errors of an Aphasic Patient
    Brain and Language, 1998
    Co-Authors: Cristina Romani, Andrea Calabrese
    Abstract:

    The Sonority Dispersion Principle (Clements, 1990) states that the sharper the rise in sonority between the beginning of the syllable and the nucleus, the better the syllable. So far evidence in favour of this principle has been derived mainly from the distributional properties of syllable types and, to a lesser extent, from language acquisition. The case of DB, presented in this study, provides strong evidence that the Sonority Dispersion Principle also applies to an explanation of Aphasic errors and revives Jakobson's idea that the same principles of complexity can explain the distribution of syllables, language acquisition, and language loss (Jakobson, 1941, 1968). Although some evidence that sonority constraints Aphasic errors has been presented before, this is the first study reporting systematic effects of sonority-based complexity in aphasia.

  • the representation of geminate consonants evidence from the phonological errors of an Aphasic Patient
    Journal of Neurolinguistics, 1996
    Co-Authors: Cristina Romani, Andrea Calabrese
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this paper, we report the phonological errors made by an Italian Patient on geminate consonants. DB's geminate errors provide evidence for phonological representations of the type suggested by autosegmental phonology. In particular, they provide evidence for a timing tier that encodes the length of phonological segments and is separate from a melodic tier that encodes the phonological quality of the segments. The distribution of DB's phonological errors is contrasted with the distribution of spelling errors reported in the literature in some forms of dysgraphia. The results suggest differences in the orthographic and phonological representation of geminate consonants.

Sasa R Filipovic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • improvement of language functions in a chronic non fluent post stroke Aphasic Patient following bilateral sequential theta burst magnetic stimulation
    Neurocase, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jasmina Vuksanovic, Milan B Jelic, S Milanovic, Katarina Kacar, Ljubica Konstantinovic, Sasa R Filipovic
    Abstract:

    In chronic non-fluent aphasia Patients, inhibition of the intact right hemisphere (RH), by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or similar methods, can induce improvement in language functions. The supposed mechanism behind this improvement is a release of preserved left hemisphere (LH) language networks from RH transcallosal inhibition. Direct stimulation of the damaged LH can sometimes bring similar results too. Therefore, we developed a novel treatment approach that combined direct LH (Broca's area (BA)) stimulation, by intermittent theta burst stimulation (TBS), with homologue RH area's inhibition, by continuous TBS. We present the results of application of 15 daily sessions of the described treatment approach in a right-handed Patient with chronic post-stroke non-fluent aphasia. The intervention appeared to improve several language functions, but most notably propositional speech, semantic fluency, short-term verbal memory, and verbal learning. Bilateral TBS modulation of activation of the language-related areas of both hemispheres seems to be a feasible and promising way to induce recovery in chronic Aphasic Patients. Due to potentially cumulative physiological effects of bilateral stimulation, the improvements may be even greater than following unilateral interventions.

  • p 240 improvement of language functions in a chronic non fluent post stroke Aphasic Patient following sequential bilateral non invasive neuromodulation by theta burst magnetic stimulation
    Clinical Neurophysiology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Sasa R Filipovic, Jasmina Vuksanovic, Milan B Jelic, S Milanovic, Katarina Kacar, Ljubica Konstantinovic, V Stevanovic, I Avramovic, A Jeremic
    Abstract:

    Question In chronic non-fluent aphasia (nfA) Patients, inhibitory transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols applied over intact right hemisphere (RH) can induce improvement in language functions. Increased activation of preserved left hemisphere (LH) language networks secondary to reduced RH transcallosal inhibition is supposed mechanism. It is unknown whether direct stimulation of LH coupled with inhibition of homologue RH areas might bring similar or even greater effects. Method Patient was 63-year-old right-handed man who 17 moths earlier suffered an ischemic stroke in left middle cerebral artery territory which caused damage in left fronto-temporo-parietal white matter but with relative sparing of cortex. The stroke caused right hemiparesis and severe nfA (one monosyllabic word phrase length). He had an initial rehabilitation program, including speech and language therapy, during first 2 months following stroke, at a specialized residential rehabilitation facility, followed by a fairly regular physiotherapy sessions at a community medical center. He has regained considerable mobility of right limbs, but speech has recovered poorly. Experimental treatment consisted of a series of 15 daily sequential bilateral TMS sessions: inhibitory protocol, continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), over RH Broca’s area homologue followed by a facilitatory protocol, intermittent TBS (iTBS), over LH Broca’s area. During iTBS, short bursts of high-frequency stimulation (3 pulses of 80% aMT intensity at 50 Hz) were applied at 5 Hz every 10s, with 2s train duration and 8s inter-train interval, for a total of 600 pulses during 3.5 min of stimulation. The cTBS was the same except that short bursts of high-frequency stimulation were applied continuously (600 pulses in total). In parallel with TMS treatment, as well as for 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after, Patient received standard individualized speech and language rehabilitation therapy. The Boston Naming Test (BNT) and Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) were used to measure linguistic performance, while Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test(RAVLT) was used for assessment of verbal memory and learning. Neuropsychological testing was carried out for the first time within a week before the first TMS treatment session (baseline test-T0) followed by three re-tests. First re-test (T1) was in the middle of the 2nd week of the TMS treatment, second re-test (T2) was within a week of completing the TMS treatment, and third re-test (T3) was two months later. Results Naming (the BNT score) increased from 17 pictures named at T0 to 21 at T3. However, the greatest improvement occurred in elicited propositional speech (Cookie Theft picture from BDAE). The number of words per phrase used for picture description increased from 2 at T0 to 8 at T3. The performance on semantic verbal fluency task (i.e. the number of animal names generated within a 2-min period) improved greatly, as well, from 5 at T0 to 10 at T3. The number of correct commands performed increased from 8 at T0 to 14 at T3. In addition, significant improvements were observed in short-term verbal memory and verbal learning. Conclusions Described sequential bilateral physiologically balanced TMS modulation of activation of the language related areas of both hemispheres may result in considerable and rather fast language benefits in chronic nfA Patients. Whether this approach is better than usual unilateral stimulation requires further studies.

Alberto Dominguez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • phonological lexical and semantic errors produced by impairment at the output buffer in a spanish Aphasic Patient
    Neurocase, 2015
    Co-Authors: Alberto Dominguez, Rosario Socas, Hipolito Marrero, Nieves Ma Leon, Fernando Cuetos
    Abstract:

    We present a single case of a right-handed female Patient, RH, who was categorized as suffering from conduction aphasia. She presented no articulatory problems during spontaneous speech but made a significant number of phonological paraphasias in naming and repetition tasks. The number of errors increased for long words and pseudowords. This pattern of results points to damage in the “Phonological Output Buffer” (POB) as the basis of this disorder. However, this Patient did not make mistakes when reading words and pseudowords aloud, even when we introduced a delay between the presentation of the word and its production to test the working memory resources of the phonological buffer. Furthermore, the Patient’s ability to name objects, repeat words, and write to dictation improved with her degree of familiarity with the items. The damage could be situated at the point where phonemes are selected and ordered to produce words. We posit that the deficits observed in this Patient, and the differences encountere...

  • transcranial direct current stimulation improves word production in conduction aphasia electroencephalographic and behavioral evidences
    International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Alberto Dominguez, Rosario Socas, Hipolito Marrero, Nieves Leon, Jesus Llabres, Enrique Enriquez
    Abstract:

    A Conduction Aphasic Patient, RH, with many difficulties at the level of phonological output, was subjected to Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) therapy six months after suffering a stroke. Fifteen daily sessions were administered (five days per week). The treatment led to a better intra-hemispheric electrical coherence and inter-hemispheric balance, as shown by the quantitative EEG analysis. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation therapy was shown to be effective in inhibiting irregular activation of the right hemisphere, offering the healthy areas of the left hemisphere the possibility of reassuming their linguistic processing abilities. Also, the number of errors in picture naming and repetition of words and pseudowords dropped con- siderably following treatment. The recovery was greater for long stimuli and was not affected by semantic or lexical variables such as familiarity. These results suggest that the Phonolog- ical Output Buffer, a mechanism dedicated to the maintenance, ordering and production of phoneme strings, was the processing stage modified by the treatment.